This document discusses internal combustion engines and emission control technologies. It begins with an introduction to combustion and the emissions produced from internal combustion engines. It then describes advancements in engine technology, such as common rail direct injection, turbochargers, exhaust gas recirculation, and electronic control units that have improved engine efficiency. The document also discusses after-treatment technologies like diesel particulate filters and selective catalytic reduction systems that reduce emissions exiting the engine. It concludes by noting both the benefits of these technologies in reducing emissions as well as their drawbacks such as increased costs.

1. IC ENGINE
emission control
ANOOP KUMAR
CSJMA 14001390189
20 March 2018 1

2. SECTIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
 COMBUSTION
 EMISSIONS
2. ADVANCEMENT
 ENGINE TECHNOLOGY
 EXAUST GAS TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
3. CONCLUSION
 DEMERITS
 RESULTS
4. REFERENCE
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3. IC ENGINE
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CAM SHAFT
POPPET VALVE
STROKE
CRANK SHAFT
CONNECTING ROD
∆𝑼 = ∆𝑸 − ∆𝑾

4. COMBUSTION
C₁₂H₂₄+ 18O₂ → 12CO₂ + 12H₂O
C₁₂𝐻₂₄ → 𝐶 − 𝐶 ∗ 11 = 348 ∗ 11 = 𝟑𝟖𝟑𝟖𝐤𝐉
𝐶 − 𝐻 ∗ 24 = 410 ∗ 24 = 𝟗𝟖𝟒𝟎𝐤𝐉
18𝑂₂ → 𝑂 = 𝑂 ∗ 18 = 494 ∗ 18 = 𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟐𝐤𝐉
12𝐶𝑂₂ → 𝐶 = 𝑂 ∗ 24 = 799 ∗ 24 = 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟕𝟔𝐤𝐉
12𝐻₂𝑂 → 𝐻 − 𝑂 ∗ 24 = 460 ∗ 24 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟎𝐤𝐉
∆𝐻 = 3838 + 9840 + 8892 − 19176 + 5520 = −𝟕𝟔𝟒𝟔𝐤𝐉
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5. EMISSIONS
• CARBON DIOXIDE
• PARTICULATE MATTER
• OXIDES OF NITROGEN
• SULPHUR DIOXIDE
• CARBON MONO OXIDE
• UNBURNT HYDROCARBON
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6. ADVANCEMENT
ENGINE
OPRATION
AFTER
TREATMENT
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7. ENGINE
• AIR FUEL RATIO
• OPTIMUM COMBUSTION TEMPERATURE
• P-V DIAGRAM
• HIGH COMPRESSION RATIO
• CRDI TECHNOLOGY
• TURBO CHARGER
• EGR TECHNOLOGY
• ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT
OPERATION
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8. 2
4
3
4”
5”
5
1
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0 1 2 3 4 5
PRESSURE→
VOLUME →
DIESEL CYCLE (Qʀ)
OTTO CYCLE (Qʀ)
P-V DIAGRAM
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At particular compression ratio 1-2 intake stroke
2-3 compression stroke
3-4 heat addition
4-5 power stroke
5-2 heat rejection
3-4 heat addition
4”-5”power stroke
5”-2 heat rejection

9. HIGH COMPRESSION RATIO
↑
COMPRESSION HEAT ADDITION POWER STROKE HEAT REJECTION
T₄T₃T₂T₁
↑
𝜂 = 1 −
𝑇₄ − 𝑇₁
𝑇₃ − 𝑇₂
𝜂 = 1 −
1
(𝑟) 𝛾−1
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𝜂 = 1 −
(𝑇₄ − 𝑇₁)
𝛾(𝑇₃ − 𝑇₂)
𝜂 = 1 −
1
𝑟 𝛾−1
𝑟𝑐
𝛾 − 1
𝛾(𝑟𝑐 − 1)
OTTO CYCLE
DIESEL CYCLE

10. CRDI TECHNOLOGY
COMMAN RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
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11. TURBO CHARGER
• Reuse the waste exhaust gas energy .
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12. EGR TECHNOLOGY
• Controls combustion chamber temperature .
EGR VALVE
EGR COOLER
INTER COOLER
FRESH AIR EXHAUST GAS
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13. ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT
SENSORS INPUT OUTPUT SIGNALS
• AIR QUANTITY
• FUEL QUANTITY
• INJECTION TIME
• EGR RATIO
• INLET GAS
TEMPERATURE
• MASS OF AIR IN
• INLET AIR PRESSURE
• CRANK SHAFT POSITION
• CAM SHAFT POSITION
ECU
DRIVER
INPUT
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14. AFTER
DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER
TREATMENT
SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION
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15. DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER
At regeneration time :-
C + O₂ → CO₂
HC + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
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16. SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION
NH₂CONH₂ → NH₃ + HNCO
HNCO + H₂O → NH₃ + CO₂
4NH₃ + 4NO + O₂ → 4N₂ + 6H₂O
8NH₃ + 6NO₂ → 7N₂ + 12H₂O
V₂O₅
or
ZEOLYTE
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17. DEMERITS
• Additional cost for TURBO and SCR setup .
• Aqueous urea reduces the payload .
• Increases co₂ emission .
• Increases ammonia emission .
• Formation of isocyanic acid .
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18. RESULTS
• NOx is reduced by EGR & SCR.
• Waste energy is used in compressor .
• Engine size is also reduced for same power .
• Reduced unburnt fuel .
• Efficiency is increased .
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19. REFERENCES
• http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c120
/bondel.html
• https://www.wou.edu/las/physci/GS361/Energy_Fro
m_Fossil_Fuels.htm
• http://www.ashokleyland.com/bsiv_iegr/
• https://www.dieselnet.com/tech/cat_scr.php
• https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-
12/airplane/compexp.html
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20. THANK YOU
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