IB Psychology Victorian Era, Sigmund Freud presentation
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The Victorian era spanned most of the 19th century and was a generally peaceful time for Europe. Important events included the passage of the first Reform Act in 1832, Queen Victoria's ascension to the throne in 1837, and the Great Exhibition held in 1851. Sigmund Freud was influenced by studying under physiologist Ernst Brucke and physician Josef Breuer. Freud's case study of "Anna O.", a woman suffering from hysteria who was cured through Breuer's "talking cure" using hypnosis, greatly impacted Freud's future career advancing psychology.
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- Women were denied access to universities until the late 19th century in many countries. The first women's colleges were established in the mid-19th century.
- Figures like Rosalind Franklin, Marie Curie, and Emily Davis helped pave the way for women in scientific fields through their groundbreaking research despite facing discrimination.
- During World War II and the Cold War era, more women entered scientific fields as attitudes gradually changed. However, discrimination continued and women had to prove their work was equally valid as men's.
- Many influential female scientists like J
15 mfem(1)
Women have historically faced barriers to entering science fields. While there were individual pioneers, real progress began with first-wave feminism in the 19th century. The document then discusses several important female scientists throughout history and their contributions despite facing discrimination. It notes that while women were few in number historically, they have made important discoveries and helped drive change by participating in their fields.
Nationalism Theories of Europe
The document discusses theories of nationalism in Europe. It describes how nationalism:
- Spread widely as a way of life that provoked and inspired people rather than being confined to fighting colonialism.
- Was influenced by philosophers like Montesquieu and Rousseau who promoted ideas of democracy, republicanism, and national identity.
- United countries like Italy and Germany in the 19th century through the efforts of statesmen and nationalists, and changes promoted by the French Revolution.
French Revolution Review
The document discusses two major historical events:
1. The Enlightenment, a period in the 18th century where reason was used to question traditions and advocate for individual rights.
2. The French Revolution from 1789-1799, sparked by social inequalities and new democratic ideals from the Enlightenment, which overthrew the French monarchy and established a republic.
Alexander Fleming
Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist best known for discovering the antibiotic substance penicillin in 1928. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain for this discovery. Fleming devoted his career to investigating the human body's defenses against bacterial infections and made two important discoveries: the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and penicillin in 1928. Penicillin became one of the most powerful discoveries to treat bacterial infections and revolutionized modern medicine.
Science Research (Presentation)
Rosalind Franklin was an English scientist who made important contributions to understanding the structure of DNA through her X-ray diffraction images. She worked at King's College in Cambridge on the DNA project where she shared her images with James Watson and Francis Crick, who then solved the DNA structure. Franklin later studied viruses at Birkbeck College but died of ovarian cancer in 1958 at age 37.
Untitled_(3).pdf
The document provides information about several topics related to European history between the 14th-18th centuries, including the Black Death, the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment. It tests knowledge through multiple choice questions about events, people, developments, and differences between groups and time periods. The questions cover a wide range of subjects across several centuries of European history.
Victorianliterature
The document provides an overview of social and cultural contexts during the Victorian period in Britain from 1837 to 1901. Some key points covered include:
- The British Empire expanded greatly under Queen Victoria's rule, making Britain the world's most powerful nation.
- The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain's economy and society, leading to overcrowded cities with poor living conditions for many workers. Child labor was also common.
- Cultural influences included Adam Smith's laissez-faire economic ideas, Darwin's theory of evolution, and John Stuart Mill's advocacy for individual liberty and women's rights.
- Victorian literature often addressed social issues and protested problems caused by industrialization. Major novelists included Dickens, the B
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Social Change After World War IRadio was an early example of m.docx
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Study Guide + Revolution-Napoleon-Congress of Vienna
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Virtual Museum( Chapter 26 Age of Democracy and Progress, 1815–1914)
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IB Psychology Victorian Era, Sigmund Freud presentation
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