The document summarizes several events in Russian history in the early 20th century: 1) In 1905, over 150,000 people marched to petition the Tsar but were massacred by police without warning, sparking widespread protests across Russia. 2) In response to the 1905 revolution, Tsar Nicholas II signed the October Manifesto in 1905, which created the Duma legislature and granted new civil liberties but kept veto power for the Tsar. 3) The Duma was created as a legislative body by the October Manifesto but remained weak and inefficient, splitting the revolutionary movement.