Ian McAllister - Ardent Wildlife Preservation Advocate
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Ian McAllister, an acclaimed filmmaker, and National Geographic Explorer, has dedicated his career to capturing the intricate web of life within the Great Bear Rainforest.
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Ian McAllister - A Photographer and Writer
Ian McAllister's deep understanding of the interconnectedness of species and ecosystems has led him on a journey to protect the natural beauty of British Columbia's coastline. Through his work as a photographer and writer, McAllister has unveiled the hidden wonders of the Great Bear Rainforest, captivating the hearts and minds of conservation enthusiasts.
A Brief Introduction About - Ian McAllister
Ian McAllister, an acclaimed filmmaker, and National Geographic Explorer, has dedicated his career to capturing the intricate web of life within the Great Bear Rainforest. Through his visually stunning documentaries like "Great Bear Rainforest'' and "Clayoquot Sound," he has shed light on the urgent need for conservation and sustainable practices. McAllister's powerful storytelling and cinematic artistry have succeeded in captivating audiences worldwide, inspiring them to recognize their role as custodians of our planet's natural treasures.
Ian McAllister - A Highly Respected Photographer
Ian McAllister, an acclaimed filmmaker, and explorer for National Geographic, has dedicated his career to capturing the intricate tapestry of life within the Great Bear Rainforest. Through visually stunning documentaries such as "Great Bear Rainforest '' and "Clayoquot Sound," he has shed light on the imperative of conservation and sustainable practices.
Climate adaptation project: Koala
Koalas are marsupials that live in eucalyptus forests in eastern Australia. They have undergone significant declines due to habitat loss and hunting. Koalas have adaptations like thick fur and claws that help them survive in hot forests and climb trees to find food. Rising temperatures due to climate change threaten koalas by reducing food quality and hydration, and increasing risks from vehicles as they search farther afield. Protecting coastal habitats is important for koala conservation as inland areas grow too hot.
Greene County Woodlands: An Essential Resource
A presentation by Marilyn Wyman of Cornell Cooperative Extension of Columbia and Greene Counties on the importance of woodland conservation in New York State.
Conservation Science
This document discusses the history and development of conservation science. It describes how extinction rates are high, with 50-150 species going extinct daily. Conservation science emerged in the late 19th century with early ecologists. In the mid-20th century, scientists like Aldo Leopold, Rachel Carson, and E.O. Wilson helped educate the public on environmental issues and shape the scientific design of wilderness reserves through their research and advocacy work. Their work influenced the growth of the environmental movement and establishment of organizations like the Society for Conservation Biology.
Conservation Science powerpoint
Presentation used to teach graduate class about Conservation Science and some of the leading Environmental Education authors that have shaped the history of both conservation and ecological thought: Leopold, Carson, E.O. Wilson, Muir, Ehrlich, Meyers and Mac Arthur. A comparison between important ecological terms are included in the presentation such as Keystone verses Umbrella species; the Edge Effect verses SLOSS; lastly Conservation Biology compared to Restoration Ecology.
Natural Reserves.pptx
Presentacion power point sobre las reservas naturales en ingles
Power point presentation about natural reserves
Recommended
Ian McAllister - A Photographer and Writer
Ian McAllister's deep understanding of the interconnectedness of species and ecosystems has led him on a journey to protect the natural beauty of British Columbia's coastline. Through his work as a photographer and writer, McAllister has unveiled the hidden wonders of the Great Bear Rainforest, captivating the hearts and minds of conservation enthusiasts.
A Brief Introduction About - Ian McAllister
Ian McAllister, an acclaimed filmmaker, and National Geographic Explorer, has dedicated his career to capturing the intricate web of life within the Great Bear Rainforest. Through his visually stunning documentaries like "Great Bear Rainforest'' and "Clayoquot Sound," he has shed light on the urgent need for conservation and sustainable practices. McAllister's powerful storytelling and cinematic artistry have succeeded in captivating audiences worldwide, inspiring them to recognize their role as custodians of our planet's natural treasures.
Ian McAllister - A Highly Respected Photographer
Ian McAllister, an acclaimed filmmaker, and explorer for National Geographic, has dedicated his career to capturing the intricate tapestry of life within the Great Bear Rainforest. Through visually stunning documentaries such as "Great Bear Rainforest '' and "Clayoquot Sound," he has shed light on the imperative of conservation and sustainable practices.
Climate adaptation project: Koala
Koalas are marsupials that live in eucalyptus forests in eastern Australia. They have undergone significant declines due to habitat loss and hunting. Koalas have adaptations like thick fur and claws that help them survive in hot forests and climb trees to find food. Rising temperatures due to climate change threaten koalas by reducing food quality and hydration, and increasing risks from vehicles as they search farther afield. Protecting coastal habitats is important for koala conservation as inland areas grow too hot.
Greene County Woodlands: An Essential Resource
A presentation by Marilyn Wyman of Cornell Cooperative Extension of Columbia and Greene Counties on the importance of woodland conservation in New York State.
Conservation Science
This document discusses the history and development of conservation science. It describes how extinction rates are high, with 50-150 species going extinct daily. Conservation science emerged in the late 19th century with early ecologists. In the mid-20th century, scientists like Aldo Leopold, Rachel Carson, and E.O. Wilson helped educate the public on environmental issues and shape the scientific design of wilderness reserves through their research and advocacy work. Their work influenced the growth of the environmental movement and establishment of organizations like the Society for Conservation Biology.
Conservation Science powerpoint
Presentation used to teach graduate class about Conservation Science and some of the leading Environmental Education authors that have shaped the history of both conservation and ecological thought: Leopold, Carson, E.O. Wilson, Muir, Ehrlich, Meyers and Mac Arthur. A comparison between important ecological terms are included in the presentation such as Keystone verses Umbrella species; the Edge Effect verses SLOSS; lastly Conservation Biology compared to Restoration Ecology.
Natural Reserves.pptx
Presentacion power point sobre las reservas naturales en ingles
Power point presentation about natural reserves
Essay 2 Presentation
This document compares the extinct Great Auk and the endangered Vancouver Island Marmot. The Great Auk was driven to extinction by overhunting for its down in the 19th century, with the last individual being killed in 1844. In contrast, conservation efforts have helped increase the Vancouver Island Marmot population from a low of 21 individuals in 2003 through captive breeding and reintroduction programs, though it remains endangered due to habitat loss from forest clearing.
Causes And Effects Of Coral Reefs
This document discusses the diversity of mangrove species and the threats they face. It notes that mangrove forests have declined significantly worldwide due to human activities like converting land to fish and shrimp farms. In the Philippines alone, mangrove coverage decreased from 448,000 hectares in the 1920s to 110,000 hectares in 1990 and 130,000 hectares by 2000. This is due to activities such as using mangroves for charcoal, firewood, and building materials as well as expanding coastal development. The destruction of mangrove forests is alarming as they provide important economic and ecological benefits.
Jack Corbo Unidentified Frog Manuscript
An unidentified frog was observed by Jack Corbo while on a 2000 expedition to the recently explored portion of the Bladen Nature Reserve, Belize, Central America.
Ambiguity lecture
Beyond preservation: the challenge of ecological restoration – can you live with ambiguity or do you want to be in charge? A practitioner turned researcher’s tale
Climate change and its effects on marine life ppt.
Climate change is caused by an increase in carbon dioxide that warms the atmosphere and affects weather patterns over long periods of time. This warming climate has negatively impacted Arctic marine species like seals, polar bears, and right whales by reducing sea ice habitat for seals and polar bears and decreasing the key food source of right whales. Individual actions like using energy efficient appliances, insulating homes, and taking public transportation can help address climate change.
Group4
The document discusses various threats to the Doñana National Park in Spain and proposes solutions. Mining and strawberry farming near the park have caused pollution issues. Traditional strawberry farms should be moved away from the park and mining banned. The park has unique biodiversity that is under threat from declining populations of endangered species like the Iberian Lynx and Spanish Imperial Eagle. Introducing rabbits could help these species but may disrupt the ecosystem. The Japanese nuclear crisis poses a radiation threat to nature, so nuclear power stations should not be located near parks and the existing problems need to be addressed.
Rory CV 2016
Rory McGuinness is a producer, director, and cinematographer (DOP) with over 30 years of experience in film and television production. He has worked on over 100 programs in genres such as natural history, drama, adventure, and environmental productions. As a DOP, he develops unique visual styles suited for individual projects and has experience working in challenging locations around the world, specializing in natural history and underwater cinematography. The document provides a listing of films and television shows Rory has contributed to between 1972-2016, which have aired on channels such as BBC, PBS, National Geographic, Discovery Channel, and more.
NSW Land for Wildlife
The document discusses volunteering land for conservation in Australia's National Estate. It provides three case studies of land acquisitions that increased the size of national parks. It also describes a habitat conservation project that tracks koalas and their tree usage, and an environmental education program called Backyard Buddies that encourages protecting wildlife in backyards.
Forest this being is: becoming forest stewards in a changing climate
As gardeners, we've been colonized. We plant lonely trees, pines in lines and cookie cutter landscapes. How can we rewild ourselves and our approach to gardening? How can we learn to see forests as beings? How can we become forest stewards in a time of climate change?
APES Environmental science timeline
This document provides a timeline of key events in environmental history from ancient times to present day. It covers topics like early pollution, conservation efforts beginning in the 1800s with individuals like John Muir and Theodore Roosevelt, major pollution events in the 1900s that sparked environmental laws, and some recent global disasters. The timeline shows how environmental issues have long plagued human civilization but also how awareness and action have grown over time, from the first national parks to modern international agreements on climate change.
11220141Community Ecology IStability, Resilience.docx
11/2/2014
1
Community Ecology I
Stability, Resilience
WFC 10 – D. A. Kelt
A biological community is defined by the species that occupy a
particular locality and the interactions among those species.
A Primer of Conservation Biology, 3rd ed. R. B. Primack 2004
Community Ecology is the study of biological communities.
In what ways are communities organized, structured, predictable?
In what ways are they not?
Note the difference between “habitat” and “community.”
The former refers to a physical location,
whereas the latter refers to constituent species.
Many communities may appear very similar.
Coniferous Forest
near Mt. Rainier
central Oregon
King’s Canyon National Park
Sandy Desert
Sahara Desert
Simpson Desert (Australia)
Death Valley, California
Thus, there may be great variation
from point to point in these
communities
One major way in which they differ is
in composition – the particular species
that occur at a site.
Example: Burrowing
mammals
N. Amer. - Gopher
Asia - Zokor
Australia – Marsupial mole
S. Amer. – Tuco tuco
Africa – Mole rat
Ecologically similar species in different
regions with different evolutionary origins.
N. Amer. - Gopher
Asia - Zokor
Australia – Marsupial mole
S. Amer. – Tuco tuco
Africa – Mole rat
11/2/2014
2
Often true at smaller spatial scales as well . . .
Geomys
Eastern Pocket Gophers
Cratogeomys
Yellow-faced Pocket Gophers
Pappogeomys
Southern Pocket Gophers
Thomomys
Western Pocket Gophers
4 genera of North American
pocket gophers
From a conservation perspective we are interested in how
stable a community is in the face of anthropogenic abuses.
Stability – often portrayed in simple cartoon fashion as follows:
So, given all this variation, how are communities structured,
and how do they respond to disturbance?
Global Stability Local Stability
Stability may be measured by a community’s fluctuation over time.
Communities often remain stable over time.
However, they may be perturbed by some external force.
What happens then?
The American chestnut (Castanea dentata)
made up >40% of trees in mature eastern
deciduous forest.
Chestnut blight – introduced to New York City in ca. 1900
By 1950 only 1 remaining large tree in North America
What impact did this enormous loss have on
the biota of eastern North America?
Perhaps surprisingly, essentially no impact.
Eastern deciduous forests are very diverse – maples, oaks, hickories, catalpa, etc. Loss of American chestnut led to NO major changes in animal or plant communities.
Black bears may have suffered from loss of mast.
Thus, this was a relatively minor perturbation
from the perspective of the community – it
evidently shifted to a different local stable point.
Seven butterfly/moth species were specialists on
American chestnut, and have gone extinct.
Another 49 Lepidopterans simply shifted their hosts.
11/2/2014
3
Pollution – another
perturbation that can
result in ecological
deteriorat.
Lecture 6
This document discusses famines throughout history from ancient civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley to more recent events. It describes how climate change events like the 4.2 kiloyear drought contributed to the decline of these early civilizations by reducing food production. It also examines how conflicts have exacerbated famines by destroying infrastructure and using starvation as a weapon of war. Currently, the Food and Agriculture Organization aims to achieve food security and end hunger for all people, but ongoing issues like poverty, inequality, and conflict continue to challenge this goal.
Australia
Australia is shaped by its colonial legacy, vast Outback interior, and Great Barrier Reef. Aboriginal settlers arrived over 40,000 years ago, followed by British colonization in the 18th century who used Australia as a penal colony. Today most Australians live in urban southeast coastal areas, while the sparsely populated Outback interior covers much of the continent, which is home to unique flora and fauna like kangaroos and the world's largest coral reef.
Topic 3.3
This document discusses threats to biodiversity, including current extinction rates and causes of past mass extinction events. It notes that the current extinction rate among mammals is 45 times the natural background rate, indicating we may be in the midst of a sixth mass extinction event caused primarily by human activities. Key threats include habitat loss, pollution, overharvesting, and introduction of invasive species. Species are more vulnerable if they have small populations, specialize in limited resources, reproduce slowly, face human or natural predators, or occupy high positions in food chains. Conservation status is determined by population size trends, habitat quality and fragmentation. Examples are given of extinct, critically endangered, and recovering species.
New National Park at Nilpena, Flinders Ranges, South Australia
As an exemplar of geodiversity in the Earth’s geological record, the Ediacaran fossil assemblage of the Flinders Ranges also celebrates the very birth of the Earth’s biodiversity.
As one of Australia’s most significant National Landscapes, the Flinders Ranges has the making of being also declared as another UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Foundation for National Parks and Wildlife (FNPW) with the Flinders Ranges Ediacara Foundation and the SA Government aims to create a new national park as a key core component of this vision - truly and outstanding geotourism destination for Australia.
· Botkin, D. B., & Keller, E. A. (2014). Environmental science Ea.docx
· Botkin, D. B., & Keller, E. A. (2014). Environmental science: Earth as a living planet (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Chapter 10: Ecological Restoration
10.1 What Is Ecological restoration?
Ecological restoration is defined as providing assistance to the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, dam- aged, or destroyed.2 Originally until near the end of the 20th century, restoration seemed simple: Just remove all human actions and let nature take care of itself. But this led to surprising and undesirable results. A classic example is the conservation of Hutcheson Memorial Forest, the last remaining known uncut, therefore primeval, forest in New Jersey. This forest has been owned since 1701 by the Met- tler family, who farmed and kept this forest as a woodlot that they never harvested, as careful family records showed. In 1954, Rutgers University obtained the forest, and ecolo- gist Murray Buell, who arranged for the purchase, planned that it would be left undisturbed and therefore would rep- resent an old-growth oak-hickory forest, the kind that was supposed to be the final endpoint of forest succession (see Chapter 6 for a discussion of succession).
What was this forest supposed to be like? In 1749 to 1750, the Swedish botanist Peter Kalm traveled from Philadelphia to Montreal, collecting plants for Carl Lin- naeus. Kalm traveled through this area of New Jersey and described the forests as being composed of large oaks, hickories, and chestnuts, so free of underbrush that one could drive a horse and carriage through the woods.3
An article in Audubon in 1954 described this wood as “a climax forest . . . a cross-section of nature in equilibrium in which the forest trees have developed over a long pe- riod of time. The present oaks and other hardwood trees have succeeded other types of trees that went before them. Now these trees, after reaching old age, die and return their substance to the soil and help their replacements to sturdy growth and ripe old age in turn.”4 But this was not how the forest looked in the 1950s nor how it looks today (Figure 10.4). There are some old trees, many of them in poor condition, and the forest is dense with young tree stems of many sizes. Few oaks have regenerated. In the 1960s, the majority of the seedlings in the forest were maples.
What went wrong? Reconstruction of the forest his- tory showed that prior to 1701 when Europeans took over the land, the Indians had burned this forest on average every ten years. These frequent light fires keep the land relatively open and supported oaks and hickories, resistant to fire, and suppressed maples, easily killed by fire.
These findings created a dilemma. The nature pre- serve was set up to provide an example of the way the forests were before European alternation of the land, and therefore would never be subjected to cutting, planting, fires, or any other human action. But the forest wasn’t like that at all. What should be done? Should it be l.
Shadows Of The Forest
The document discusses a BBC documentary "Shadows of the Forest" that reveals new information about the diet of the endangered Andean bear, including that it preys on cattle. This contradicts the popular image of the bear from children's stories of Paddington Bear being a gentle vegetarian. The documentary and related news coverage spark debate about the true nature and behavior of the species, with some experts arguing reports of cattle killings could be misidentified or involve only a small number of "rogue" bears. The document examines the conservation issues facing the Andean bear and efforts to protect the species in South America.
Living_Planet_Report_2022_ClassroomSlides_Secondary.pptx
The Living Planet Report is published every two years by WWF and ZSL. It assesses the health of the planet by examining trends in global biodiversity and habitat availability. The 2020 LPR found a 68% decline in average population sizes of mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and fish between 1970 and 2016. This decline is threatening ecosystems and the services they provide. The report also found climate change and biodiversity loss to be interconnected crises, with each threatening the other in a vicious cycle. Urgent global action is needed to protect nature and bend the curve on biodiversity decline to safeguard life on Earth.
Great Coral Reef
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system located along the coast of Australia, stretching over 2,600 kilometres. It is home to many exotic marine species. James Cook was the first European explorer to discover the reef in 1770 when his ship ran aground. Visitors can enjoy snorkeling, visiting islands and beaches, boat rides, and marine museums. However, the reef is threatened by human factors like pollution, global warming, and sedimentation, which scientists estimate could kill 30% of the reef within 30 years.
A Century of Kenyan Herpetology by Stephen Spawls
This document summarizes the history of herpetology and reptile conservation in Kenya over the past 100 years. It describes how Arthur Loveridge established the first museum in Nairobi in 1914 and helped start formal herpetological study. It outlines major milestones like the creation of national parks beginning in 1946 and establishment of the snake park at the National Museum in 1959. While progress has been made with field guides, atlases and increased species records, the document calls for more fieldwork to improve knowledge of distributions, new species discoveries, and conservation of rare endemic species found outside protected areas.
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Essay 2 Presentation
This document compares the extinct Great Auk and the endangered Vancouver Island Marmot. The Great Auk was driven to extinction by overhunting for its down in the 19th century, with the last individual being killed in 1844. In contrast, conservation efforts have helped increase the Vancouver Island Marmot population from a low of 21 individuals in 2003 through captive breeding and reintroduction programs, though it remains endangered due to habitat loss from forest clearing.
Causes And Effects Of Coral Reefs
This document discusses the diversity of mangrove species and the threats they face. It notes that mangrove forests have declined significantly worldwide due to human activities like converting land to fish and shrimp farms. In the Philippines alone, mangrove coverage decreased from 448,000 hectares in the 1920s to 110,000 hectares in 1990 and 130,000 hectares by 2000. This is due to activities such as using mangroves for charcoal, firewood, and building materials as well as expanding coastal development. The destruction of mangrove forests is alarming as they provide important economic and ecological benefits.
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An unidentified frog was observed by Jack Corbo while on a 2000 expedition to the recently explored portion of the Bladen Nature Reserve, Belize, Central America.
Ambiguity lecture
Beyond preservation: the challenge of ecological restoration – can you live with ambiguity or do you want to be in charge? A practitioner turned researcher’s tale
Climate change and its effects on marine life ppt.
Climate change is caused by an increase in carbon dioxide that warms the atmosphere and affects weather patterns over long periods of time. This warming climate has negatively impacted Arctic marine species like seals, polar bears, and right whales by reducing sea ice habitat for seals and polar bears and decreasing the key food source of right whales. Individual actions like using energy efficient appliances, insulating homes, and taking public transportation can help address climate change.
Group4
The document discusses various threats to the Doñana National Park in Spain and proposes solutions. Mining and strawberry farming near the park have caused pollution issues. Traditional strawberry farms should be moved away from the park and mining banned. The park has unique biodiversity that is under threat from declining populations of endangered species like the Iberian Lynx and Spanish Imperial Eagle. Introducing rabbits could help these species but may disrupt the ecosystem. The Japanese nuclear crisis poses a radiation threat to nature, so nuclear power stations should not be located near parks and the existing problems need to be addressed.
Rory CV 2016
Rory McGuinness is a producer, director, and cinematographer (DOP) with over 30 years of experience in film and television production. He has worked on over 100 programs in genres such as natural history, drama, adventure, and environmental productions. As a DOP, he develops unique visual styles suited for individual projects and has experience working in challenging locations around the world, specializing in natural history and underwater cinematography. The document provides a listing of films and television shows Rory has contributed to between 1972-2016, which have aired on channels such as BBC, PBS, National Geographic, Discovery Channel, and more.
NSW Land for Wildlife
The document discusses volunteering land for conservation in Australia's National Estate. It provides three case studies of land acquisitions that increased the size of national parks. It also describes a habitat conservation project that tracks koalas and their tree usage, and an environmental education program called Backyard Buddies that encourages protecting wildlife in backyards.
Forest this being is: becoming forest stewards in a changing climate
As gardeners, we've been colonized. We plant lonely trees, pines in lines and cookie cutter landscapes. How can we rewild ourselves and our approach to gardening? How can we learn to see forests as beings? How can we become forest stewards in a time of climate change?
APES Environmental science timeline
This document provides a timeline of key events in environmental history from ancient times to present day. It covers topics like early pollution, conservation efforts beginning in the 1800s with individuals like John Muir and Theodore Roosevelt, major pollution events in the 1900s that sparked environmental laws, and some recent global disasters. The timeline shows how environmental issues have long plagued human civilization but also how awareness and action have grown over time, from the first national parks to modern international agreements on climate change.
11220141Community Ecology IStability, Resilience.docx
11/2/2014
1
Community Ecology I
Stability, Resilience
WFC 10 – D. A. Kelt
A biological community is defined by the species that occupy a
particular locality and the interactions among those species.
A Primer of Conservation Biology, 3rd ed. R. B. Primack 2004
Community Ecology is the study of biological communities.
In what ways are communities organized, structured, predictable?
In what ways are they not?
Note the difference between “habitat” and “community.”
The former refers to a physical location,
whereas the latter refers to constituent species.
Many communities may appear very similar.
Coniferous Forest
near Mt. Rainier
central Oregon
King’s Canyon National Park
Sandy Desert
Sahara Desert
Simpson Desert (Australia)
Death Valley, California
Thus, there may be great variation
from point to point in these
communities
One major way in which they differ is
in composition – the particular species
that occur at a site.
Example: Burrowing
mammals
N. Amer. - Gopher
Asia - Zokor
Australia – Marsupial mole
S. Amer. – Tuco tuco
Africa – Mole rat
Ecologically similar species in different
regions with different evolutionary origins.
N. Amer. - Gopher
Asia - Zokor
Australia – Marsupial mole
S. Amer. – Tuco tuco
Africa – Mole rat
11/2/2014
2
Often true at smaller spatial scales as well . . .
Geomys
Eastern Pocket Gophers
Cratogeomys
Yellow-faced Pocket Gophers
Pappogeomys
Southern Pocket Gophers
Thomomys
Western Pocket Gophers
4 genera of North American
pocket gophers
From a conservation perspective we are interested in how
stable a community is in the face of anthropogenic abuses.
Stability – often portrayed in simple cartoon fashion as follows:
So, given all this variation, how are communities structured,
and how do they respond to disturbance?
Global Stability Local Stability
Stability may be measured by a community’s fluctuation over time.
Communities often remain stable over time.
However, they may be perturbed by some external force.
What happens then?
The American chestnut (Castanea dentata)
made up >40% of trees in mature eastern
deciduous forest.
Chestnut blight – introduced to New York City in ca. 1900
By 1950 only 1 remaining large tree in North America
What impact did this enormous loss have on
the biota of eastern North America?
Perhaps surprisingly, essentially no impact.
Eastern deciduous forests are very diverse – maples, oaks, hickories, catalpa, etc. Loss of American chestnut led to NO major changes in animal or plant communities.
Black bears may have suffered from loss of mast.
Thus, this was a relatively minor perturbation
from the perspective of the community – it
evidently shifted to a different local stable point.
Seven butterfly/moth species were specialists on
American chestnut, and have gone extinct.
Another 49 Lepidopterans simply shifted their hosts.
11/2/2014
3
Pollution – another
perturbation that can
result in ecological
deteriorat.
Lecture 6
This document discusses famines throughout history from ancient civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley to more recent events. It describes how climate change events like the 4.2 kiloyear drought contributed to the decline of these early civilizations by reducing food production. It also examines how conflicts have exacerbated famines by destroying infrastructure and using starvation as a weapon of war. Currently, the Food and Agriculture Organization aims to achieve food security and end hunger for all people, but ongoing issues like poverty, inequality, and conflict continue to challenge this goal.
Australia
Australia is shaped by its colonial legacy, vast Outback interior, and Great Barrier Reef. Aboriginal settlers arrived over 40,000 years ago, followed by British colonization in the 18th century who used Australia as a penal colony. Today most Australians live in urban southeast coastal areas, while the sparsely populated Outback interior covers much of the continent, which is home to unique flora and fauna like kangaroos and the world's largest coral reef.
Topic 3.3
This document discusses threats to biodiversity, including current extinction rates and causes of past mass extinction events. It notes that the current extinction rate among mammals is 45 times the natural background rate, indicating we may be in the midst of a sixth mass extinction event caused primarily by human activities. Key threats include habitat loss, pollution, overharvesting, and introduction of invasive species. Species are more vulnerable if they have small populations, specialize in limited resources, reproduce slowly, face human or natural predators, or occupy high positions in food chains. Conservation status is determined by population size trends, habitat quality and fragmentation. Examples are given of extinct, critically endangered, and recovering species.
New National Park at Nilpena, Flinders Ranges, South Australia
As an exemplar of geodiversity in the Earth’s geological record, the Ediacaran fossil assemblage of the Flinders Ranges also celebrates the very birth of the Earth’s biodiversity.
As one of Australia’s most significant National Landscapes, the Flinders Ranges has the making of being also declared as another UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Foundation for National Parks and Wildlife (FNPW) with the Flinders Ranges Ediacara Foundation and the SA Government aims to create a new national park as a key core component of this vision - truly and outstanding geotourism destination for Australia.
· Botkin, D. B., & Keller, E. A. (2014). Environmental science Ea.docx
· Botkin, D. B., & Keller, E. A. (2014). Environmental science: Earth as a living planet (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Chapter 10: Ecological Restoration
10.1 What Is Ecological restoration?
Ecological restoration is defined as providing assistance to the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, dam- aged, or destroyed.2 Originally until near the end of the 20th century, restoration seemed simple: Just remove all human actions and let nature take care of itself. But this led to surprising and undesirable results. A classic example is the conservation of Hutcheson Memorial Forest, the last remaining known uncut, therefore primeval, forest in New Jersey. This forest has been owned since 1701 by the Met- tler family, who farmed and kept this forest as a woodlot that they never harvested, as careful family records showed. In 1954, Rutgers University obtained the forest, and ecolo- gist Murray Buell, who arranged for the purchase, planned that it would be left undisturbed and therefore would rep- resent an old-growth oak-hickory forest, the kind that was supposed to be the final endpoint of forest succession (see Chapter 6 for a discussion of succession).
What was this forest supposed to be like? In 1749 to 1750, the Swedish botanist Peter Kalm traveled from Philadelphia to Montreal, collecting plants for Carl Lin- naeus. Kalm traveled through this area of New Jersey and described the forests as being composed of large oaks, hickories, and chestnuts, so free of underbrush that one could drive a horse and carriage through the woods.3
An article in Audubon in 1954 described this wood as “a climax forest . . . a cross-section of nature in equilibrium in which the forest trees have developed over a long pe- riod of time. The present oaks and other hardwood trees have succeeded other types of trees that went before them. Now these trees, after reaching old age, die and return their substance to the soil and help their replacements to sturdy growth and ripe old age in turn.”4 But this was not how the forest looked in the 1950s nor how it looks today (Figure 10.4). There are some old trees, many of them in poor condition, and the forest is dense with young tree stems of many sizes. Few oaks have regenerated. In the 1960s, the majority of the seedlings in the forest were maples.
What went wrong? Reconstruction of the forest his- tory showed that prior to 1701 when Europeans took over the land, the Indians had burned this forest on average every ten years. These frequent light fires keep the land relatively open and supported oaks and hickories, resistant to fire, and suppressed maples, easily killed by fire.
These findings created a dilemma. The nature pre- serve was set up to provide an example of the way the forests were before European alternation of the land, and therefore would never be subjected to cutting, planting, fires, or any other human action. But the forest wasn’t like that at all. What should be done? Should it be l.
Shadows Of The Forest
The document discusses a BBC documentary "Shadows of the Forest" that reveals new information about the diet of the endangered Andean bear, including that it preys on cattle. This contradicts the popular image of the bear from children's stories of Paddington Bear being a gentle vegetarian. The documentary and related news coverage spark debate about the true nature and behavior of the species, with some experts arguing reports of cattle killings could be misidentified or involve only a small number of "rogue" bears. The document examines the conservation issues facing the Andean bear and efforts to protect the species in South America.
Living_Planet_Report_2022_ClassroomSlides_Secondary.pptx
The Living Planet Report is published every two years by WWF and ZSL. It assesses the health of the planet by examining trends in global biodiversity and habitat availability. The 2020 LPR found a 68% decline in average population sizes of mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and fish between 1970 and 2016. This decline is threatening ecosystems and the services they provide. The report also found climate change and biodiversity loss to be interconnected crises, with each threatening the other in a vicious cycle. Urgent global action is needed to protect nature and bend the curve on biodiversity decline to safeguard life on Earth.
Great Coral Reef
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system located along the coast of Australia, stretching over 2,600 kilometres. It is home to many exotic marine species. James Cook was the first European explorer to discover the reef in 1770 when his ship ran aground. Visitors can enjoy snorkeling, visiting islands and beaches, boat rides, and marine museums. However, the reef is threatened by human factors like pollution, global warming, and sedimentation, which scientists estimate could kill 30% of the reef within 30 years.
A Century of Kenyan Herpetology by Stephen Spawls
This document summarizes the history of herpetology and reptile conservation in Kenya over the past 100 years. It describes how Arthur Loveridge established the first museum in Nairobi in 1914 and helped start formal herpetological study. It outlines major milestones like the creation of national parks beginning in 1946 and establishment of the snake park at the National Museum in 1959. While progress has been made with field guides, atlases and increased species records, the document calls for more fieldwork to improve knowledge of distributions, new species discoveries, and conservation of rare endemic species found outside protected areas.
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Ian McAllister - Ardent Wildlife Preservation Advocate
- 1. Ian McAllister Ardent Wildlife Preservation Advocate
- 2. An Esteemed Conservationist Ian McAllister, an esteemed conservationist, and biologist, is recognized for his remarkable contributions to the preservation of British Columbia's delicate ecosystems. With a profound understanding of wildlife and a focus on the Great Bear Rainforest.
- 3. Passion for Protecting The Natural World Ian McAllister's passion for protecting the natural world has transformed him into a celebrated figure within the environmental movement. Through his eloquent books, such as "The Great Bear Rainforest'' and "The Last Wild Wolves," he has transported readers into the heart of Canada's breathtaking wilderness.
- 4. National Geographic Explorer Ian McAllister, an acclaimed filmmaker, and National Geographic Explorer, has dedicated his career to capturing the intricate web of life within the Great Bear Rainforest. Through his visually stunning documentaries like "Great Bear Rainforest'' and "Clayoquot Sound".
- 5. Work as a Photographer and Writer Ian McAllister's deep understanding of the interconnectedness of species and ecosystems has led him on a journey to protect the natural beauty of British Columbia's coastline. Through his work as a photographer and writer, McAllister has unveiled the hidden wonders of the Great Bear Rainforest.
- 6. Capture Nature's Intricate Beauty McAllister's ability to capture nature's intricate beauty has brought attention to the plight of endangered species and inspired individuals worldwide to join the fight for conservation.
- 7. Contact Us To Know More https://medium.com/@ianmcallister_ https://solo.to/ianmcallister https://muckrack.com/ianmcallister