I need help creating a flow chart for my unknown bacteria which was .pdf
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I need help creating a flow chart for my unknown bacteria which was (P aeroginosa) Create a flow chart of biochemical tests with the following bacteria to get P aeroginosa as your final result. The other bacterias are: S sonnei S Typhi K pneumonia P aeroginosa (my unknown) Solution Identification of P.aeruginosa: Laboratory identification: Gram stain: Gram negative Motility: Motile Oxidase: Positive Catalase: Positive So, it belongs to non- eneterobacteriaceae species such as Vibrio and Pseudomonas species. MacConkey’s agar: Non-lactose fermenting Growth on nutrient agar: Produces non-fluorescent bluish green colonies due to the presence of characteristic toxin released by P. aeruginosa, “PYOCYANIN.” Vibrio do not produce this pigment. Causes beta hemolysis on blood agar media. The colonies best grow at 420C and produces sweet odour..
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In a certain Midwest city, a series of studies were conducted to mea.pdf
In a certain Midwest city, a series of studies were conducted to measure both the supply and
demand for physician services at various price points. The table below represents the findings
across ten different employers who offer self-insured health benefits to their employees.
Observations were made across time at various price points and the data below was gathered. So,
for instance, at a price of $50 for an office visit, the employees of Employer 1 consumed 150
visits per week; and at a price of $60, they only consumed 140 visits, etc. At the same time and
in the same city, ten different primary care practices were observed and the data table below was
generated. In this case, at a price point of $50 per visit, PCP1 was willing to supply 70 visits per
week, but at $60, he would supply 80 visits, etc.
Question #2 – assuming that, in the short-run, the supply of physician services will remain as
expressed in Table 2 above, what will happen to the market clearing price and visit quantity?
Show graphically what just happened. Again, in plain English, what is happening here?
Table 2
Number of visits/ year
Price/visit
PCP 1
PCP 2
PCP 3
PCP 4
PCP 5
PCP 6
PCP 7
PCP 8
PCP 9
PCP 10
$ 50
70
40
57
45
50
47
91
110
40
50
$ 60
80
50
67
55
60
57
101
120
50
60
$ 70
90
60
77
65
70
67
111
130
60
70
$ 80
100
70
87
75
80
77
121
140
70
80
$ 90
110
80
97
85
90
87
131
150
80
90
$ 100
120
90
107
95
100
97
141
160
90
100
$ 110
130
100
117
105
110
107
151
170
100
110
$ 120
140
110
127
115
120
117
161
180
110
120
$ 130
150
120
137
125
130
127
171
190
120
130
$ 140
160
130
147
135
140
137
181
200
130
140
Table 2
Number of visits/ year
Price/visit
PCP 1
PCP 2
PCP 3
PCP 4
PCP 5
PCP 6
PCP 7
PCP 8
PCP 9
PCP 10
$ 50
70
40
57
45
50
47
91
110
40
50
$ 60
80
50
67
55
60
57
101
120
50
60
$ 70
90
60
77
65
70
67
111
130
60
70
$ 80
100
70
87
75
80
77
121
140
70
80
$ 90
110
80
97
85
90
87
131
150
80
90
$ 100
120
90
107
95
100
97
141
160
90
100
$ 110
130
100
117
105
110
107
151
170
100
110
$ 120
140
110
127
115
120
117
161
180
110
120
$ 130
150
120
137
125
130
127
171
190
120
130
$ 140
160
130
147
135
140
137
181
200
130
140
Solution
With increase in price, demand is decreasing and with increase in price supply is increasing.
hence price will be determined where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied..
How do conservatives explain economic downturnsSolutionAs the.pdf
How do conservatives explain economic downturns?
Solution
As the financial crisis of 2008-09 draws to a close, narratives of the meltdown are flooding
bookstores, think tanks are cranking out white papers, and four different congressional
committees, along with the official Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, are investigating what
went wrong. Well they might, as the most basic question about the meltdown remains unsettled:
The only near consensus is on the question of what triggered the not-quite-a-depression. In 2007,
the housing bubble burst, leading to a high rate of defaults on subprime mortgages. Exposure to
bad mortgages doomed Bear Stearns in March 2008, then led to a banking crisis that fall. A
global recession became inevitable once the government decided not to rescue Lehman Bros.
from default in September 2008. Lehman\'s was the biggest bankruptcy in history, and it led
promptly to a powerful economic contraction. Somewhere around here, agreement ends.
There are no strong candidates for what logicians call a sufficient condition—a single factor that
would have caused the crisis in the absence of any others. There are, however, a number of
plausible necessary conditions—factors without which the crisis would not have occurred. Most
analysts find former Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan at fault, though for a variety of reasons.
Conservative economists—ever worried about inflation—tend to fault Greenspan for keeping
interest rates too low between 2003 and 2005 as the real estate and credit bubbles inflated. This
is the view, for instance, of Stanford economist and former Reagan adviser John Taylor, who
argues that the Fed\'s easy money policies spurred a frenzy of irresponsible borrowing on the part
of banks and consumers alike.
Liberal analysts, by contrast, are more likely to focus on the way Greenspan\'s aversion to
regulation transformed pell-mell innovation in financial products and excessive bank leverage
into lethal phenomena. The pithiest explanation I\'ve seen comes fromNew York Times
columnist and Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman, who noted in one interview: \"Regulation didn\'t
keep up with the system.\" In this view, the emergence of an unsupervised market in more and
more exotic derivatives—credit-default swaps (CDSs), collateralized debt obligations (CDOs),
CDSs on CDOs (the esoteric instruments that wrecked AIG)—allowed heedless financial
institutions to put the whole financial system at risk. \"Financial innovation + inadequate
regulation = recipe for disaster is also the favored explanation of Greenspan\'s successor, Ben
Bernanke, who downplays low interest rates as a cause (perhaps because he supported them at
the time) and attributes the crisis to regulatory failure.
A bit farther down on the list are various contributing factors, which didn\'t fundamentally cause
the crisis but either enabled it or made it worse than it otherwise might have been. These include:
global savings imbalances, which put upward pressure on U.S. a.
How would your patient management decisions be influenced by omittin.pdf
How would your patient management decisions be influenced by omitting necessary elements of
a medical examination/evaluation?
Solution
Patient management is the procedure involved from intake to discharge . It include
communication , examination , evaluation , diagnosis and intervention. If equipment and
facilities for examination of pateint is lacking it will certainly affect patient managment care.
Without these things it is not possible that patient will get required treatment..
How is the position of the vascular tissue in roots different from t.pdf
How is the position of the vascular tissue in roots different from the position of vascular tissue in
stems?
Solution
vascular plants contain two main type of conductive tissue xylem and pholem.
xylem for the conduction of water with dissolved mineral matters, and phloem for the conduction
of elaborated food matters in solution.
xylem and phloem function in the conduction of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the
plant, it is not surprising that their form should be similar to pipes.
herbaceous stems, the vascular tissues are contained in bundles; these bundles sit relatively near
the surface of the stem. In roots, the vascular tissues form a central core—a location where
they\'re protected from the harsh activity of pushing through soil. (We are referring to young,
non-woody tissues.).
Give three examples of how the US finacial Crisis impacted HRM.S.pdf
Give three examples of how the US finacial Crisis impacted HRM.
Solution
There is no doubt that the way in which entities operate and engage with each other, locally,
nationally and internationally, will be profoundly influenced by the factors that are rapidly
gaining attention: economic collapse of nation states; political collaboration on structural reform
to address climate change; the integration of social media into every aspect of our
communication; the development of fast moving communities of interest; and the changing role
of government in partnership with third parties to deliver services.
These are just some of the forces creating a new paradigm for HRM. The potential for major
transformation within organizations and the intersection with community, customer and supply
chain relationships offer a huge opportunity for HR to reinvent itself as a major source of
inspiration and innovation in leadership and management. Our paper describes steps that every
HR leader needs to take to adapt to the changing environments: redefine the boundaries of our
role; be the owners and drivers of the brand that reflects a commitment to service towards staff,
customers, suppliers and the community; be recognized professionally; take ownership of the
competencies required to work successfully at a strategic level; be the thought leaders on internal
and external factors impacting on how our organizations operate. We need to use our knowledge
and networking to highlight global trends and maintain a high level of vigilance on workforce
issues; build internal trust that allows us to challenge the role of the HR function has
dramatically changed in just a few short years..
Find the object focal point for a combination of two thin lenses who.pdf
Find the object focal point for a combination of two thin lenses whose individual object focal
points coincide.
Solution
We have two lens kept togther such that the focal points of each of the lens coincide.
Now, for any far away object, the image formed by the first lens would be at its focal length.
That is for the first lens we can write:
1 / do + 1/di = 1/f1
Now, do = , so we get:
1 / di = 1/f1
now, the image distance in this case would be same as the focal length, however, it would also be
the the focal point for the second lens, we can write for the second lens:
1/do + 1/di = 1/f2
However, the do in this case would be negative as it would be virtual object, hence giving us:
1/ di = 1/f1 + 1/f2 [Since do in this case would be f1]
Now, we can say that for any far object, the image is formed at the distance given as: 1/ f1 + 1/f2
Therefore the combined focal length of the combination would be given as:
1/f = 1/ f1 + 1/f2.
Explain (in points) the roleimportance of the performance of Transp.pdf
Explain (in points) the role/importance of the performance of Transportation Systems in the
global society (socially and economically).
Solution
Transportation system is playing a crucial role in the modern civilization. It mobilizes humans
from place to place to fullfil their necessities. It mobilizes goods from place to place which
require for our day today life. And economically it places a cruicial role. When goods are
transferred from one place to other, we transport the goods to places where there is a scarcity of
that particular good, we can develop economically. Human life is extended due to this
transportation because everything is in our hands now even it is originates in overseas..
Do students at various colleges differ in how sociable they are 25 .pdf
Do students at various colleges differ in how sociable they are? 25 students were randomly
selected from of three colleges in a particular region and were asked to report on the ammount of
time they spent socializing each day with other students. The results are as follows:
College X: Mean: 5 hours, estimated pop variance of 2 hours
College Y: Mean: 4, S^2=1.5
College Z: Mean:6, S^2: 2.5
figure effect size and explain your answers to someone who is unfamiliar with analysis of
variance.
Solution.
Recommended
In a certain Midwest city, a series of studies were conducted to mea.pdf
In a certain Midwest city, a series of studies were conducted to measure both the supply and
demand for physician services at various price points. The table below represents the findings
across ten different employers who offer self-insured health benefits to their employees.
Observations were made across time at various price points and the data below was gathered. So,
for instance, at a price of $50 for an office visit, the employees of Employer 1 consumed 150
visits per week; and at a price of $60, they only consumed 140 visits, etc. At the same time and
in the same city, ten different primary care practices were observed and the data table below was
generated. In this case, at a price point of $50 per visit, PCP1 was willing to supply 70 visits per
week, but at $60, he would supply 80 visits, etc.
Question #2 – assuming that, in the short-run, the supply of physician services will remain as
expressed in Table 2 above, what will happen to the market clearing price and visit quantity?
Show graphically what just happened. Again, in plain English, what is happening here?
Table 2
Number of visits/ year
Price/visit
PCP 1
PCP 2
PCP 3
PCP 4
PCP 5
PCP 6
PCP 7
PCP 8
PCP 9
PCP 10
$ 50
70
40
57
45
50
47
91
110
40
50
$ 60
80
50
67
55
60
57
101
120
50
60
$ 70
90
60
77
65
70
67
111
130
60
70
$ 80
100
70
87
75
80
77
121
140
70
80
$ 90
110
80
97
85
90
87
131
150
80
90
$ 100
120
90
107
95
100
97
141
160
90
100
$ 110
130
100
117
105
110
107
151
170
100
110
$ 120
140
110
127
115
120
117
161
180
110
120
$ 130
150
120
137
125
130
127
171
190
120
130
$ 140
160
130
147
135
140
137
181
200
130
140
Table 2
Number of visits/ year
Price/visit
PCP 1
PCP 2
PCP 3
PCP 4
PCP 5
PCP 6
PCP 7
PCP 8
PCP 9
PCP 10
$ 50
70
40
57
45
50
47
91
110
40
50
$ 60
80
50
67
55
60
57
101
120
50
60
$ 70
90
60
77
65
70
67
111
130
60
70
$ 80
100
70
87
75
80
77
121
140
70
80
$ 90
110
80
97
85
90
87
131
150
80
90
$ 100
120
90
107
95
100
97
141
160
90
100
$ 110
130
100
117
105
110
107
151
170
100
110
$ 120
140
110
127
115
120
117
161
180
110
120
$ 130
150
120
137
125
130
127
171
190
120
130
$ 140
160
130
147
135
140
137
181
200
130
140
Solution
With increase in price, demand is decreasing and with increase in price supply is increasing.
hence price will be determined where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied..
How do conservatives explain economic downturnsSolutionAs the.pdf
How do conservatives explain economic downturns?
Solution
As the financial crisis of 2008-09 draws to a close, narratives of the meltdown are flooding
bookstores, think tanks are cranking out white papers, and four different congressional
committees, along with the official Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, are investigating what
went wrong. Well they might, as the most basic question about the meltdown remains unsettled:
The only near consensus is on the question of what triggered the not-quite-a-depression. In 2007,
the housing bubble burst, leading to a high rate of defaults on subprime mortgages. Exposure to
bad mortgages doomed Bear Stearns in March 2008, then led to a banking crisis that fall. A
global recession became inevitable once the government decided not to rescue Lehman Bros.
from default in September 2008. Lehman\'s was the biggest bankruptcy in history, and it led
promptly to a powerful economic contraction. Somewhere around here, agreement ends.
There are no strong candidates for what logicians call a sufficient condition—a single factor that
would have caused the crisis in the absence of any others. There are, however, a number of
plausible necessary conditions—factors without which the crisis would not have occurred. Most
analysts find former Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan at fault, though for a variety of reasons.
Conservative economists—ever worried about inflation—tend to fault Greenspan for keeping
interest rates too low between 2003 and 2005 as the real estate and credit bubbles inflated. This
is the view, for instance, of Stanford economist and former Reagan adviser John Taylor, who
argues that the Fed\'s easy money policies spurred a frenzy of irresponsible borrowing on the part
of banks and consumers alike.
Liberal analysts, by contrast, are more likely to focus on the way Greenspan\'s aversion to
regulation transformed pell-mell innovation in financial products and excessive bank leverage
into lethal phenomena. The pithiest explanation I\'ve seen comes fromNew York Times
columnist and Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman, who noted in one interview: \"Regulation didn\'t
keep up with the system.\" In this view, the emergence of an unsupervised market in more and
more exotic derivatives—credit-default swaps (CDSs), collateralized debt obligations (CDOs),
CDSs on CDOs (the esoteric instruments that wrecked AIG)—allowed heedless financial
institutions to put the whole financial system at risk. \"Financial innovation + inadequate
regulation = recipe for disaster is also the favored explanation of Greenspan\'s successor, Ben
Bernanke, who downplays low interest rates as a cause (perhaps because he supported them at
the time) and attributes the crisis to regulatory failure.
A bit farther down on the list are various contributing factors, which didn\'t fundamentally cause
the crisis but either enabled it or made it worse than it otherwise might have been. These include:
global savings imbalances, which put upward pressure on U.S. a.
How would your patient management decisions be influenced by omittin.pdf
How would your patient management decisions be influenced by omitting necessary elements of
a medical examination/evaluation?
Solution
Patient management is the procedure involved from intake to discharge . It include
communication , examination , evaluation , diagnosis and intervention. If equipment and
facilities for examination of pateint is lacking it will certainly affect patient managment care.
Without these things it is not possible that patient will get required treatment..
How is the position of the vascular tissue in roots different from t.pdf
How is the position of the vascular tissue in roots different from the position of vascular tissue in
stems?
Solution
vascular plants contain two main type of conductive tissue xylem and pholem.
xylem for the conduction of water with dissolved mineral matters, and phloem for the conduction
of elaborated food matters in solution.
xylem and phloem function in the conduction of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the
plant, it is not surprising that their form should be similar to pipes.
herbaceous stems, the vascular tissues are contained in bundles; these bundles sit relatively near
the surface of the stem. In roots, the vascular tissues form a central core—a location where
they\'re protected from the harsh activity of pushing through soil. (We are referring to young,
non-woody tissues.).
Give three examples of how the US finacial Crisis impacted HRM.S.pdf
Give three examples of how the US finacial Crisis impacted HRM.
Solution
There is no doubt that the way in which entities operate and engage with each other, locally,
nationally and internationally, will be profoundly influenced by the factors that are rapidly
gaining attention: economic collapse of nation states; political collaboration on structural reform
to address climate change; the integration of social media into every aspect of our
communication; the development of fast moving communities of interest; and the changing role
of government in partnership with third parties to deliver services.
These are just some of the forces creating a new paradigm for HRM. The potential for major
transformation within organizations and the intersection with community, customer and supply
chain relationships offer a huge opportunity for HR to reinvent itself as a major source of
inspiration and innovation in leadership and management. Our paper describes steps that every
HR leader needs to take to adapt to the changing environments: redefine the boundaries of our
role; be the owners and drivers of the brand that reflects a commitment to service towards staff,
customers, suppliers and the community; be recognized professionally; take ownership of the
competencies required to work successfully at a strategic level; be the thought leaders on internal
and external factors impacting on how our organizations operate. We need to use our knowledge
and networking to highlight global trends and maintain a high level of vigilance on workforce
issues; build internal trust that allows us to challenge the role of the HR function has
dramatically changed in just a few short years..
Find the object focal point for a combination of two thin lenses who.pdf
Find the object focal point for a combination of two thin lenses whose individual object focal
points coincide.
Solution
We have two lens kept togther such that the focal points of each of the lens coincide.
Now, for any far away object, the image formed by the first lens would be at its focal length.
That is for the first lens we can write:
1 / do + 1/di = 1/f1
Now, do = , so we get:
1 / di = 1/f1
now, the image distance in this case would be same as the focal length, however, it would also be
the the focal point for the second lens, we can write for the second lens:
1/do + 1/di = 1/f2
However, the do in this case would be negative as it would be virtual object, hence giving us:
1/ di = 1/f1 + 1/f2 [Since do in this case would be f1]
Now, we can say that for any far object, the image is formed at the distance given as: 1/ f1 + 1/f2
Therefore the combined focal length of the combination would be given as:
1/f = 1/ f1 + 1/f2.
Explain (in points) the roleimportance of the performance of Transp.pdf
Explain (in points) the role/importance of the performance of Transportation Systems in the
global society (socially and economically).
Solution
Transportation system is playing a crucial role in the modern civilization. It mobilizes humans
from place to place to fullfil their necessities. It mobilizes goods from place to place which
require for our day today life. And economically it places a cruicial role. When goods are
transferred from one place to other, we transport the goods to places where there is a scarcity of
that particular good, we can develop economically. Human life is extended due to this
transportation because everything is in our hands now even it is originates in overseas..
Do students at various colleges differ in how sociable they are 25 .pdf
Do students at various colleges differ in how sociable they are? 25 students were randomly
selected from of three colleges in a particular region and were asked to report on the ammount of
time they spent socializing each day with other students. The results are as follows:
College X: Mean: 5 hours, estimated pop variance of 2 hours
College Y: Mean: 4, S^2=1.5
College Z: Mean:6, S^2: 2.5
figure effect size and explain your answers to someone who is unfamiliar with analysis of
variance.
Solution.
describe these organelles and the organisms there found in1. cryst.pdf
describe these organelles and the organisms there found in
1. crystalline rod
2. kinetoplast
3. apicocomplex
4. contractile vacuole
Solution
1. Crystalline rod:
Some protozoansort called euglenozoans contain spiral or crystalline rod inside their flagella.
Two examples of euglenozoans with these rods arekinetoplastidsandeuglenids. The flagella of
kinetoplastids and euglenids have paraxial rods running next to each other.
2.Kinetoplast:
A kinetoplast is a network of circular DNA (called kDNA) inside a large mitochondrion that
contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome.A kinetoplast is usually adjacent to the
organism\'s flagellar basal body, suggesting that it is tightly bound to the cytoskeleton.
Kinetoplasts are only found in protozoa of the class Kinetoplastida.
3.Apicocomplex:
It is an organ complex of the Apicomplexa that appears as a conical structures on the tapered end
(or the apical end) of the cell, and contains rhoptries, micronemes, polar rings, and conoid. The
organelle is an adaptation that the apicomplexan applies in penetration of a host cell.
The organelle is found in a large phylum of parasitic alveolates called Apicomplexa. The Apical
complex consists of a set of spirally arranged microtubules (the conoid), a secretory body (the
rhoptry) and one or more polar rings. Additional slender electron-dense secretory bodies
(micronemes) surrounded by one or two polar rings may also be present. This structure gives the
phylum its name.
4.contractile vacuole:
A contractile vacuole (CV) is a sub-cellular structure (organelle) involved in osmoregulation. It
is found predominantly in protists and in unicellular algae.
The contractile vacuole acts to regulate the quantity of water inside of a cell. In freshwater
environments, the concentration of solutes inside the cell is of a higher concentration than
outside the cell (i.e., the environment is hypotonic). Under these conditions, water flows from the
environment into the cell by osmosis. The contractile vacuole acts as part of a protective
mechanism that prevents the cell from absorbing too much water and possibly lysing (rupturing)
through excessive internal pressure..
Compare the small intestine to the large intestine in terms of histo.pdf
Compare the small intestine to the large intestine in terms of histological (tissue) organization,
size, and unique anatomical features. How do the differences between the small and large
intestines give you a clue as to their different functions in the digestive system?
Solution
Small intestine: it is the largest part of the alimentary canal with narrow diameter and it\'s
anatomical features are it contains the three parts namely duodenum, jejunum and ileum.Jejunum
is the middle portion between the duodenum and ileum.Duodenum contains the pancreas and
small intestine receives the pancreatic juices and bile .It contains the peyers patch in small
intestine and haustoria are absent.Internal surfaces contains the circular folds or plicae circulates.
villa are present. Brunner\'s glands are present. size ranges from 4.5 to 7 m long and width of 3.5
to 4.5 width. Histological features are it contains four layers like serosa, muscularis,sub mucosa,
mucosa.Serosa is the outer most layer and it secrets serous fluid, muscularis is responsible for
gut movement that is peristalsis, sub mucosa joins to the mucosa and underlying smooth muscle.
The main function of small intestine is to absorb nutrients and minerals.
Large intestine: It is comparatively shorter than small intestine .It\'s size ranges from 1.5 meters
long and 4 to 5 cm in diameter. It\'s anatomical features are it has ascending colon consists of
caecum and appendix, transverse colon consists of colic flexures and transverse mesocolon,
descending colon and sigmoid s shaped colon. It\'s histological features are thick mucosa with
deep crypts but it does not contain villi and the epithelium consists of columnar absorptive cells,
endocrine cells basal stem cells and many goblet cells. The main function of large intestine is to
absorb water from remaining indigestible food and transmit the useless waste materials from the
body.
As they have different anatomical , histological and structural features so we can say that the
small intestine and large intestine are different in their respective functional features..
Chemical composition of rain water.SolutionRainwater gets its .pdf
Chemical composition of rain water.
Solution
Rainwater gets its compositions largely by dissolving particulate materials in the atmosphere
(upper troposhere) when droplets of water nucleate on atmospheric particulates, and secondarily
by dissolving gasses from the atmosphere. Rainwater compositions vary geographically. In open
ocean and coastal areas they have a salt content essentially like that of sea water (same ionic
proportions but much more dilute) plus CO2 as bicarbonate anion (acidic pH). Terrestrial rain
compositions vary siginificantly from place to place because the regional geology can greatly
affect the types of particulates that get added to the atmosphere. Likewise, sources of gaesous
acids (SO3, NO2) and bases (NH3) vary as a function of biome factors and anthopogenic land
use practices. Each of these gasses can be added in varying proportions from natural and non
natural input sources (non-natural sources of SO3 and NO2 far outweigh natural ones).
An adult male receives all his water from a municipal supply that is.pdf
An adult male receives all his water from a municipal supply that is contaminated with
0.003mg/Lof tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Assume he takes a 15-minute shower every day. The
PCE concentration in the air is in equilibrium with the PCE in the water and thus can be
determined by Henry’s law from the concentration in the water. PCE has a unitless Henry’s
constant KH=1.4, which means Cair=Caq/KH. The dermal permeability constant of PCE is
6.17×10-5 m/min. (10 pts)
a. Calculate his total annual (ED=AT=1 yr) LADD due to exposures of drinking the water and
showering (dermal absorption + inhalation) with the water.
b. Which of the three modes of exposure results in the highest delivered dose?
Solution
There are generally three routes of exposure: dermal, oral and inhalation, as clear from the
question. Intake from these routes of exposure differ based upon the chemical and physical
properties of the toxicant as well as the permeability of the surface at the site of absorbtion, here,
lung, skin and the GI tract.
LADD (Lifetime Average Daily Dose) is obtained by adding up the AADD(Average Adsorbed
Daily Dose) for all the years of a person\'s life, namely:
->infant (1yr),
->child (1-6yrs),
->child (7-12 yrs),
->adolescents (13-18yrs),
->adults (19-70yrs)
AADD is obtained by adding adsorbed dose (AD) through all the 3 ways.
AD=Exposure x Adsorption Factor
Exposure = Concentration x Intake x Duration x Frequency
Body Weight
_____________________________________________________________________________
____
Another way to calculate LADD is:
LADD = (C x IR x ED)/(BW x LT) ;
where;
C = concentration of chemical
IR = intake rate
ED = exposure duration
BW = body weight
LT = lifetime (also AT)
(a) Total Annual LADD due to drinking water + showering
(1) Drinking water
C = 0.003 mg/L
IR = 2 L daily; for 1 year = 2*365 = 730 L
ED = AT = 1 year = 365 days
LT = 70 years = 25,550 days
BW = 70 kg
i.e, LADD = (0.003 * 730 * 1) / (70 *365)
= 8.57 x 10-5 mg/kg.day
(2) Similarly, for dermal absorption
For dermal adsorption,
Dosage, D = (C x P x SA x ET x CF) / (BW); where
D = Dose ( mg/kg day)
C = conc. of contaminant (mg/L)
P=Permeability coefficient (cm/hr)
SA = exposed body surface area (cm2); here 19400 cm2 (Standard value)
ET = Exposure time (hrs/day); here 0.25 hours /day
CF = conversion factor = 1 L/1000 cm3
BW = body weight = 70 kg
thus, D= (0.003*(6.15*10-5*10-2/60)*19400*0.25))/(1000*70)
=2.13*10-12 mg/kg.day.
However for 1 year, D = 7.776 * 10-10 mg/kg.day
Thus, total LADD = 8.57*10-5 + 7.776 * 10-10 = 8.57 * 10-5 mg/kg.day
(b)
Usually, studies show that of all the modes of exposure, ingestion or drinking the water will
deliver the highest dose.
Here, dosage due to air inhalation will be 8.57 * 10-5 / 1.4
= 6.121 * 10-5 mg/kg.day (as Cair = Caq/1.4)
Thus, comparing all the values, drinking the water will cause more dosage..
C++ problemPart 1 Recursive Print (40 pts)Please write the recu.pdf
C++ problem
Part 1: Recursive Print (40 pts)
Please write the recursive List reverse print function, whose iterative version we wrote in class.
Below are the function signatures for the functions you are going to need:
public:
/**Additional Operations*/
void print_reverse();
//Wrapper function that calls the reverse helper function to print a list in reverse
//prints nothing if the List is empty
private:
void reverse(Nodeptr node);
//Helper function for the public printReverse() function.
//Recursively prints the data in a List in reverse.
Why do we need the private helper function here?
Since we are going to be reversing our list node by node, in a recursive fashion, we want to pass
a one node at a time to our reverse function.
However, since our nodes are private, we cannot access them if we call the function inside of
main.
Add these function signatures to your List.h file along with your other function prototypes inside
the class definition.
Make sure that you place the reverse function inside the private portion of your List class
definition and the print_reverse function prototype to the public portion of your List class
definition.
Now, implement these two functions inside of List.h, under your section for additional
operations.
Important: Test each function carefully inside of your ListTest.cpp to make sure that it is
working properly.
Part 2: Adding an Index to Your List Nodes (20 pts)
Next, you will add the following functions to your List.h
/**Accessor Functions*/
int get_index();
//Indicates the index of the Node where the iterator is currently pointing
//Nodes are numbered from 1 to length of the list
//Pre: length != 0
//Pre: !off_end()
...
int List::get_index()
{
//Implement the function here
}
/**Manipulation Procedures*/
void scroll_to_index(int index);
//Moves the iterator to the node whose index is specified by the user
//Pre: length != 0
...
void scroll_to_index(int index)
{
//Implement function here
}
Part 3: Implementing Search as Part of Your List (40 pts)
Now, we are going to add two search functions to our List so that we can search for elements in
our List.
The first of these functions is going to be a simple linear search function.
You will need to add the following function prototype and function definition to your List.h:
/**Additional Operations*/
int linear_search(listitem item);
//Searchs the list, element by element, from the start of the List to the end of the List
//Returns the index of the element, if it is found in the List
//Returns -1 if the element is not in the List
//Pre: length != 0
...
int List::linear_search(listitem item)
{
//Implement the function here
}
You are also going to add a function to perform recursive binary search on your List.
You will need to add the following function prototype and function definition to your List.h:
int binary_search(int low, int high, listitem item);
//Recursively searchs the list by dividing the search space in half
//Returns the index of the element, if it is fo.
1.What does the emergence of autonomous vehicles mean to you What v.pdf
1.What does the emergence of autonomous vehicles mean to you? What value about car travel
would you increase, decrease, eliminate?
2. Think of at least 3 Blue Ocean innovations that would be needed in order for autonomous
vehicles to be successful: these can be internal/organizational efficiency innovations or new
products/services.
3. Do you think the biggest barriers will be technical or social in nature?
4) each individual should create a list of at least 10 “factors of competition” that are relevant to
the personal transportation market.
5) Conduct “mini-interviews” with at least 5 people and get feedback about your identified
factors of competition – are some factors more important to people than others, are there factors
identified by your interviewees that you missed? Note: these are informal “mini-interviews”, and
each individual must conduct at least 5 interviews to provide market feedback on your factors of
competition. Record your notes from each mini-interview using the table structure below:
Interviewee
Name, Age, Location, Gender and About
Eliminate
Reduce
Raise
Create
Insights
Mary Jones: 48 from Birmingham, AL. Female. Busy working mom with 2 middle-school kids
1. External Appearance
2. Taxi services
3. New road construction
4. Road signs
5. Mom having to drive kids to soccer practice – YEAH!!
1. Complexity of the dashboard
2. Air pollution
3. Engine size and performance
4. Car salesmen and personal car ownership
1. Entertainment and internet access in car
2. Comfort through alternative seating styles (e.g. 4 people facing each other around a table)
3. Ease of maintenance and longevity of cars
1. Members-only service (e.g. I belong to the Volvo driving club, which has its own app and
fleet of cars)
2. Vehicle support services – cars need to come in to get gas and fixed by mechanics
Value proposition: Time (not having to drive kids everywhere)
Safety (people could drink and get home safely)
Fun (spend travel time playing with kids, watching movies etc.) individual’s interview summary
table, each individual’s original list of 10 competitive factors. These should all be aggregated
into one document and uploaded to our Canvas course site.
Interviewee
Name, Age, Location, Gender and About
Eliminate
Reduce
Raise
Create
Insights
Mary Jones: 48 from Birmingham, AL. Female. Busy working mom with 2 middle-school kids
1. External Appearance
2. Taxi services
3. New road construction
4. Road signs
5. Mom having to drive kids to soccer practice – YEAH!!
1. Complexity of the dashboard
2. Air pollution
3. Engine size and performance
4. Car salesmen and personal car ownership
1. Entertainment and internet access in car
2. Comfort through alternative seating styles (e.g. 4 people facing each other around a table)
3. Ease of maintenance and longevity of cars
1. Members-only service (e.g. I belong to the Volvo driving club, which has its own app and
fleet of cars)
2. Vehicle support services – cars need to come in to get gas and fixed by mechanic.
You have installed a PCIe wireless NIC in a computer desktop in a sm.pdf
You have installed a PCIe wireless NIC in a computer desktop in a small office environment that
cannot be wired for an Ethernet network. Despite the fact that the nearest access point is well
within range, the computer still receives a poor Wi-Fi signal. What can you do to improve the
computer’s reception?
A. Turn up the sensitivity on the PCIe wireless NIC.
B. Install a PCIe wireless NIC with a stronger receiver.
C. Install an external USB wireless NIC that can have its antenna placed to get better reception.
D. Change the entire wireless network to use an 802.11 standard that has greater range.
Solution
C. Internal wireless NICs have the antenna directly connected to the NIC so that it sits at the
back of the computer. This might not be the ideal location to receive Wi-Fi signals, even if the
computer is within range otherwise. Using a USB wireless NIC with an external antenna that can
be moved for better reception is a more workable option..
You have identified a novel enzyme. Supercoiled DNA shows an upward m.pdf
You have identified a novel enzyme. Supercoiled DNA shows an upward mobility shift
following a short incubation with the enzyme. Following a long incubation with the enzyme, the
supercoiled DNA seems to disappear or be converted in a large number of small fragments. What
kind of enzyme is our novel enzyme likely to be? Type I topoisomerase Type II topoisomerase
Restriction enzyme DNA nuclease A and B are both correct
Solution
.C. Restriction enzymes . are a class of enzymes that act upon the DNA molecule at specific site
and cleave DNA molecule into small fragments..
Which of the following wireless standards uses direct sequence sprea.pdf
Which of the following wireless standards uses direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) by
default?
A. Bluetooth
B. 802.11a
C. 802.11b
D. 802.11ac
Solution
C. 802.11b uses direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology. DSSS is a transmission
method that transmits the data along with a chipping bit to increase the signal’s resistance to
interference. Answer A is incorrect because Bluetooth uses frequency-hopping spread spectrum.
Answer B is incorrect because 802.11a uses orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. Answer
D is incorrect because 802.11ac uses MIMO-OFDM.
Which one of the following statements about lichens is false lichen.pdf
Which one of the following statements about lichens is false? lichens are resistant to pollution.
Lichens can withstand severe drought. lichens are important pioneers on new land. Some
lichens are thousands of years old. Some lichens tolerate severe cold. Which of the following
bacterium type would die in the presence of oxygen(poisoning)? Obligate aerobes Obligate
anaerobes Facultative anaerobes All of the above Which of the following traits do archaeans
and bacteria share? composition of the cell wall. presence of plasma membrane lack of a
nuclear envelope identical rRNA sequences 1 only 3 only 1 and 3 2 and 3 2 and 4 What do
\"fimbriae\" of bacteria do? Catch food Absorbing liquid food Sticking to a substrate. Help in
sexual reproduction All of the above. Picking up naked exracellular DNA molecule is
accomplished during Transcription Conjugation Transformation Transduction Translation
Which of the following confers antibiotic resistance? Transduction Jumping genes Hfr R
plasmid F plasmids
Solution
Lichens are resistant to pollution Obligate anaerobes lack of nuclear envelope Sticking to the
substrate transformation R plasmid.
What is the capability to combine data from separate sources to gain.pdf
What is the capability to combine data from separate sources to gain information?
A. Metadata
B. Inference
C. Aggregation
D. Deadlocking
Solution
C. Aggregation is the capability to combine data from separate sources to gain information.
Answer A is incorrect because metadata is data about data. Answer B is incorrect because
inference attacks occur when authorized users infer information by analyzing the data they have
access to. Answer D is incorrect because deadlocking is a database stalemate.
What are Factors that influence primary production in different zone.pdf
What are Factors that influence primary production in different zones of oceans and lakes
Solution
Organisms that synthesise the organic elements of life from the inorganic molecules are known
as \"primary producers.\" Plants, certain bacteria and algae are autotrophs (they feed themselves
by photosynthesis). Photosynthesis is a process through which plants use sun energy for the
production of organic material. Plants utilise necessary amount of sunlight for photosynthesis.
The major factors affecting the primary production in different zones of oceans and lakes are,
1). Availability of Sun light
2). Mineral nutrients
In contrast, the terrestrial plants have the limitations of water supply and uniform temperature.
As the aquatic plants and organisms live in the water itself, they do not suffer from water
scarcity. Also, temperature is uniform due to the heat capacity of water..
Using NetBeansQ1. Write a program that uses a stack to convert a n.pdf
Using NetBeans
Q1. Write a program that uses a stack to convert a number in base 10 to a number in base 2.
Solution
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Decimal2BinaryDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in =new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Enter decimal number =\");
int num=in.nextInt();
Stack s4 = new Stack();
int n=num;
int i = 0;
while (n > 0) {
s4.push(n % 2);
n = n / 2;
i++;
}
//s4.print();
System.out.print(num+\" is convert to binary ->\");
while (i > 0) {
System.out.print(s4.pop()+\" \");
i--;
}
}
}.
Use the counting techniques from the last chapter. A bag contains fo.pdf
Use the counting techniques from the last chapter. A bag contains four red marbles, two green
ones, one fluorescent pink one, three yellow ones, and three orange ones. Suzan grabs five at
random. Find the probability of the indicated event. She gets all the red ones, given that she gets
the fluorescent pink one.
Solution
Given that she gets the fluorescent pink one, she needs to pick 4 more from remaining 12
marbles
Out of these 4 more, she can pick 4 red marbles in 4C4 ways.
Total number of ways of selecting 4 marbles from 12: 12C4
Probability of all red picked up = 4C4 / 12C4 = 1/495 = 0.00202.
the three types of associations (chance, non-causal, and causal). De.pdf
the three types of associations (chance, non-causal, and causal). Describe each giving an example
of each .
Solution
Association refers to linkage among variables.
1.)Chance:It is a fake or false association due to bias.For example:increased coke intake and
crime rate in a country.
2.)Casual:Cause and effect relation can be seen that is independent variable must cause change in
independent variable. For example: sugar intake and high diabetes.
3.)No direct association between two variables.For example: alcohol use and smoking..
The problem of so-called “push polls”When advocacy calls are made .pdf
The problem of so-called “push polls”
When advocacy calls are made under the guise of research
This statement from AAPOR, American Association for Public Opinion Research, explains how
to tell the difference between fraudulent political polls—commonly referred to as “push
polls”—and legitimate polling, including message testing. AAPOR condemns political
telemarketing under the guise of research and is committed to providing information that
explains what this unethical campaign practice is and what you can do about it.
A “Push Poll” is not a Legitimate Poll
A so-called \"push poll\" is an insidious form of negative campaigning, disguised as a political
poll. “Push polls” are not surveys at all, but rather unethical political telemarketing -- telephone
calls disguised as research that aim to persuade large numbers of voters and affect election
outcomes, rather than measure opinions. This misuse of the survey method exploits the trust
people have in research organizations and violates the AAPOR Code of Professional Ethics and
Practices.
Identifying Advocacy Calls Made Under the Guise of Research
Political telemarketing calls, when disguised as research, may sometimes be difficult to
differentiate from a legitimate survey. Here are characteristics that will usually indicate to a
respondent that the call is not a legitimate survey.
One or only a few questions are asked, all about a single candidate or a single issue.
The questions are uniformly strongly negative (or sometimes uniformly positive) descriptions of
the candidate or issue.
The organization conducting the calls is not named, or a phony name is used.
Evasive answers are given in response to requests for more information about the survey.
In addition, the following characteristics will indicate to journalists, reporters, and survey
professionals that a telephone call is not a legitimate survey.
The number of people called is very large, sometimes many thousands.
The calls are not based on a random sample.
It is difficult to find out which organization conducted the interviews.
Fraudulent Polls vs. Message Testing
The fact that a poll contains negative information about one or more candidates does NOT in and
of itself make it a \'push poll.’ Political campaigns routinely sponsor legitimate “message-
testing” surveys that are used by campaign consultaest out the effectiveness of various possible
campaints to tgn messages or campaign ad content, often including negative messages. Political
message-testing surveys may sometimes be confused with fake polling, but they are very
different. One way to tell is that message-testing surveys exhibit the characteristics of a
legitimate survey, such as:
At the beginning of the call, the interviewer clearly identifies the call center actually making the
calls. (However, legitimate political polling firms will often choose not to identify the client who
is sponsoring the research, be it a candidate or a political party, since that could bias the survey
.
The phylogeny in this figure shows the evolution of visual opsins in .pdf
The phylogeny in this figure shows the evolution of visual opsins in tetrapods. Each colored
triangle represents a different opsin. Which of the following accurately describes the opsins in
these species Squamate reptiles Birds New World Humans primates A opsin gain A Opsin loss
opsin loss Tetrapod ancestor
Solution
Synapomorphy is a character present in ancestral species and shared exclusively by its
evolutionary descendants
Symplesiomorphy is an ancestral character that is shared by two or more taxa.
Based on the choices given above the last choice is the correct answer. The green opsin was
developed in the ancestors of the baboons and human and hence the two groups share that
character. The light blue opsin was present in the tetrapod ancestor and it is now shared by the
two taxa descended from the common ancestor..
The hypothetical Western Chickadee comprises three major populations.pdf
The hypothetical Western Chickadee comprises three major populations: Pacific, Great Basin,
and Rockies. In the chickadees, the bill color gene has two alleles (B_1 & B_2). Relevant
information about genotypes and the populations follows: Pacific N =- 350,000 f (B_1) = 0.97
Great Basin N = 450,000 f (B_1) = 0.96 Rockies N = 750,000 f (B_1) = 0.98 B_1 B_1 bill color
= black, relative fitness = 1.0 B_1 B_2 bill color = black, relative fitness = 1.0 B_2 B_2 bill
color = yellow, relative fitness = 0.6 In which population is drift likely to have the largest effect?
Pacific Great Basin Rockies There is not enough information provided to determine this.
Solution
Hi,
I hope my answer is satisfactory.
Thanks!!.
The accumulation of partially decayed plant material is called Pea Pe.pdf
The accumulation of partially decayed plant material is called Pea Peat may be covered with
sediment and placed under extreme andss With time and pressure peat may be compressed into
boaAu tread (Paragraph 2)The rate of fossil fuel formation was great during the period. The
lands were covered by Carbon accross and the climate was ool Zdanne so this favored year round
growth. The Svps dominated the landscape and hence created most of the coal. Also present but
not in type of seed plants. abundance were the (Paragrpah 3) which tree dominated in the
Carboniferous? trees Another tree, Giant Horsetails, was also abundant. These were both svps, so
they still had external fertilization (released spores and sperm into the water). They flourished in
this tropical/wet climate. (Pg 401, paragraph 2) What happened to the climate and hence the svp
trees at the end of the \"R Carboniferous? climakt tin coz t ceel ca med agey in The water
receded so the spores and sperm croaked Only pmaALlycDonytes relatives of SVP trees remain
today. One group of Gymnosperms, survived to today. They evolved pollen to transport sperm
and so moved to internal fertilization. They were able to take over the drying landscape at the
end of the Carboniferous!!!!!
Solution
Ques-1:
The accumulation of partially decayed plant material is called peat. Peat may be covered with
sediment and placed under extreme pressure. With time and pressure peat may be compressed
into \"peat bog\" or mire
Ques-2
The rate of fossil fuel formation was great during the carboniferous period. The lands were
covered by peat (dead trees & dead plant organisms) and climate was cold & damped. So this
favored year round growth. The SVPs dominated the landscape and hence created most of the
coal. Also present but not in abundance were the vascular -angiosperm type of seed plants.
19. DNA “Nucleotide bases” are selective in their bonding. Thinking .pdf
19. DNA “Nucleotide bases” are selective in their bonding. Thinking about your readings, and
the details discussed in lecture 2~4, what is the corresponding (“mirror image”) sequence of
bases for the DNA strand CTAATGT?
In question 19, I stated that the sequence of nucleotide bases was DNA, rather than RNA, but
you could have known this anyway, just by looking at the bases that are present. How do you
know that this was not a sequence of RNA?
Solution
Genes consist of specific sequences of DNA nucleotides (complementary base pairs) which code
for the structure of polypeptide chains. These polypeptide chains are tRNA (transfer RNA) and
mRNA (messenger RNA), which perform transcription and translation processes respectively
during protein synthesis.
So, these DNA nucleotides otherwise called “bases” carry the message encoding for the
synthesis of a protein. There are four such bases, namely, adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G),
and cytosine (C), which are the building blocks of DNA’s double helical structure. RNA contains
Uracil (U) in place of thymine.
Among these base pairs, adenine binds with thymine and guanine binds with cytosine, this is
called as complementary pairing. In RNA, adenine binds with uracil.
The corresponding sequence/mirror image/complimentary sequence od the given DNA sequence
CTAATGT is, GATTACA.
We can determine that the above sequence is DNA because thymine is present. RNA contains
uracil in place of thymine..
More Related Content
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describe these organelles and the organisms there found in1. cryst.pdf
describe these organelles and the organisms there found in
1. crystalline rod
2. kinetoplast
3. apicocomplex
4. contractile vacuole
Solution
1. Crystalline rod:
Some protozoansort called euglenozoans contain spiral or crystalline rod inside their flagella.
Two examples of euglenozoans with these rods arekinetoplastidsandeuglenids. The flagella of
kinetoplastids and euglenids have paraxial rods running next to each other.
2.Kinetoplast:
A kinetoplast is a network of circular DNA (called kDNA) inside a large mitochondrion that
contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome.A kinetoplast is usually adjacent to the
organism\'s flagellar basal body, suggesting that it is tightly bound to the cytoskeleton.
Kinetoplasts are only found in protozoa of the class Kinetoplastida.
3.Apicocomplex:
It is an organ complex of the Apicomplexa that appears as a conical structures on the tapered end
(or the apical end) of the cell, and contains rhoptries, micronemes, polar rings, and conoid. The
organelle is an adaptation that the apicomplexan applies in penetration of a host cell.
The organelle is found in a large phylum of parasitic alveolates called Apicomplexa. The Apical
complex consists of a set of spirally arranged microtubules (the conoid), a secretory body (the
rhoptry) and one or more polar rings. Additional slender electron-dense secretory bodies
(micronemes) surrounded by one or two polar rings may also be present. This structure gives the
phylum its name.
4.contractile vacuole:
A contractile vacuole (CV) is a sub-cellular structure (organelle) involved in osmoregulation. It
is found predominantly in protists and in unicellular algae.
The contractile vacuole acts to regulate the quantity of water inside of a cell. In freshwater
environments, the concentration of solutes inside the cell is of a higher concentration than
outside the cell (i.e., the environment is hypotonic). Under these conditions, water flows from the
environment into the cell by osmosis. The contractile vacuole acts as part of a protective
mechanism that prevents the cell from absorbing too much water and possibly lysing (rupturing)
through excessive internal pressure..
Compare the small intestine to the large intestine in terms of histo.pdf
Compare the small intestine to the large intestine in terms of histological (tissue) organization,
size, and unique anatomical features. How do the differences between the small and large
intestines give you a clue as to their different functions in the digestive system?
Solution
Small intestine: it is the largest part of the alimentary canal with narrow diameter and it\'s
anatomical features are it contains the three parts namely duodenum, jejunum and ileum.Jejunum
is the middle portion between the duodenum and ileum.Duodenum contains the pancreas and
small intestine receives the pancreatic juices and bile .It contains the peyers patch in small
intestine and haustoria are absent.Internal surfaces contains the circular folds or plicae circulates.
villa are present. Brunner\'s glands are present. size ranges from 4.5 to 7 m long and width of 3.5
to 4.5 width. Histological features are it contains four layers like serosa, muscularis,sub mucosa,
mucosa.Serosa is the outer most layer and it secrets serous fluid, muscularis is responsible for
gut movement that is peristalsis, sub mucosa joins to the mucosa and underlying smooth muscle.
The main function of small intestine is to absorb nutrients and minerals.
Large intestine: It is comparatively shorter than small intestine .It\'s size ranges from 1.5 meters
long and 4 to 5 cm in diameter. It\'s anatomical features are it has ascending colon consists of
caecum and appendix, transverse colon consists of colic flexures and transverse mesocolon,
descending colon and sigmoid s shaped colon. It\'s histological features are thick mucosa with
deep crypts but it does not contain villi and the epithelium consists of columnar absorptive cells,
endocrine cells basal stem cells and many goblet cells. The main function of large intestine is to
absorb water from remaining indigestible food and transmit the useless waste materials from the
body.
As they have different anatomical , histological and structural features so we can say that the
small intestine and large intestine are different in their respective functional features..
Chemical composition of rain water.SolutionRainwater gets its .pdf
Chemical composition of rain water.
Solution
Rainwater gets its compositions largely by dissolving particulate materials in the atmosphere
(upper troposhere) when droplets of water nucleate on atmospheric particulates, and secondarily
by dissolving gasses from the atmosphere. Rainwater compositions vary geographically. In open
ocean and coastal areas they have a salt content essentially like that of sea water (same ionic
proportions but much more dilute) plus CO2 as bicarbonate anion (acidic pH). Terrestrial rain
compositions vary siginificantly from place to place because the regional geology can greatly
affect the types of particulates that get added to the atmosphere. Likewise, sources of gaesous
acids (SO3, NO2) and bases (NH3) vary as a function of biome factors and anthopogenic land
use practices. Each of these gasses can be added in varying proportions from natural and non
natural input sources (non-natural sources of SO3 and NO2 far outweigh natural ones).
An adult male receives all his water from a municipal supply that is.pdf
An adult male receives all his water from a municipal supply that is contaminated with
0.003mg/Lof tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Assume he takes a 15-minute shower every day. The
PCE concentration in the air is in equilibrium with the PCE in the water and thus can be
determined by Henry’s law from the concentration in the water. PCE has a unitless Henry’s
constant KH=1.4, which means Cair=Caq/KH. The dermal permeability constant of PCE is
6.17×10-5 m/min. (10 pts)
a. Calculate his total annual (ED=AT=1 yr) LADD due to exposures of drinking the water and
showering (dermal absorption + inhalation) with the water.
b. Which of the three modes of exposure results in the highest delivered dose?
Solution
There are generally three routes of exposure: dermal, oral and inhalation, as clear from the
question. Intake from these routes of exposure differ based upon the chemical and physical
properties of the toxicant as well as the permeability of the surface at the site of absorbtion, here,
lung, skin and the GI tract.
LADD (Lifetime Average Daily Dose) is obtained by adding up the AADD(Average Adsorbed
Daily Dose) for all the years of a person\'s life, namely:
->infant (1yr),
->child (1-6yrs),
->child (7-12 yrs),
->adolescents (13-18yrs),
->adults (19-70yrs)
AADD is obtained by adding adsorbed dose (AD) through all the 3 ways.
AD=Exposure x Adsorption Factor
Exposure = Concentration x Intake x Duration x Frequency
Body Weight
_____________________________________________________________________________
____
Another way to calculate LADD is:
LADD = (C x IR x ED)/(BW x LT) ;
where;
C = concentration of chemical
IR = intake rate
ED = exposure duration
BW = body weight
LT = lifetime (also AT)
(a) Total Annual LADD due to drinking water + showering
(1) Drinking water
C = 0.003 mg/L
IR = 2 L daily; for 1 year = 2*365 = 730 L
ED = AT = 1 year = 365 days
LT = 70 years = 25,550 days
BW = 70 kg
i.e, LADD = (0.003 * 730 * 1) / (70 *365)
= 8.57 x 10-5 mg/kg.day
(2) Similarly, for dermal absorption
For dermal adsorption,
Dosage, D = (C x P x SA x ET x CF) / (BW); where
D = Dose ( mg/kg day)
C = conc. of contaminant (mg/L)
P=Permeability coefficient (cm/hr)
SA = exposed body surface area (cm2); here 19400 cm2 (Standard value)
ET = Exposure time (hrs/day); here 0.25 hours /day
CF = conversion factor = 1 L/1000 cm3
BW = body weight = 70 kg
thus, D= (0.003*(6.15*10-5*10-2/60)*19400*0.25))/(1000*70)
=2.13*10-12 mg/kg.day.
However for 1 year, D = 7.776 * 10-10 mg/kg.day
Thus, total LADD = 8.57*10-5 + 7.776 * 10-10 = 8.57 * 10-5 mg/kg.day
(b)
Usually, studies show that of all the modes of exposure, ingestion or drinking the water will
deliver the highest dose.
Here, dosage due to air inhalation will be 8.57 * 10-5 / 1.4
= 6.121 * 10-5 mg/kg.day (as Cair = Caq/1.4)
Thus, comparing all the values, drinking the water will cause more dosage..
C++ problemPart 1 Recursive Print (40 pts)Please write the recu.pdf
C++ problem
Part 1: Recursive Print (40 pts)
Please write the recursive List reverse print function, whose iterative version we wrote in class.
Below are the function signatures for the functions you are going to need:
public:
/**Additional Operations*/
void print_reverse();
//Wrapper function that calls the reverse helper function to print a list in reverse
//prints nothing if the List is empty
private:
void reverse(Nodeptr node);
//Helper function for the public printReverse() function.
//Recursively prints the data in a List in reverse.
Why do we need the private helper function here?
Since we are going to be reversing our list node by node, in a recursive fashion, we want to pass
a one node at a time to our reverse function.
However, since our nodes are private, we cannot access them if we call the function inside of
main.
Add these function signatures to your List.h file along with your other function prototypes inside
the class definition.
Make sure that you place the reverse function inside the private portion of your List class
definition and the print_reverse function prototype to the public portion of your List class
definition.
Now, implement these two functions inside of List.h, under your section for additional
operations.
Important: Test each function carefully inside of your ListTest.cpp to make sure that it is
working properly.
Part 2: Adding an Index to Your List Nodes (20 pts)
Next, you will add the following functions to your List.h
/**Accessor Functions*/
int get_index();
//Indicates the index of the Node where the iterator is currently pointing
//Nodes are numbered from 1 to length of the list
//Pre: length != 0
//Pre: !off_end()
...
int List::get_index()
{
//Implement the function here
}
/**Manipulation Procedures*/
void scroll_to_index(int index);
//Moves the iterator to the node whose index is specified by the user
//Pre: length != 0
...
void scroll_to_index(int index)
{
//Implement function here
}
Part 3: Implementing Search as Part of Your List (40 pts)
Now, we are going to add two search functions to our List so that we can search for elements in
our List.
The first of these functions is going to be a simple linear search function.
You will need to add the following function prototype and function definition to your List.h:
/**Additional Operations*/
int linear_search(listitem item);
//Searchs the list, element by element, from the start of the List to the end of the List
//Returns the index of the element, if it is found in the List
//Returns -1 if the element is not in the List
//Pre: length != 0
...
int List::linear_search(listitem item)
{
//Implement the function here
}
You are also going to add a function to perform recursive binary search on your List.
You will need to add the following function prototype and function definition to your List.h:
int binary_search(int low, int high, listitem item);
//Recursively searchs the list by dividing the search space in half
//Returns the index of the element, if it is fo.
1.What does the emergence of autonomous vehicles mean to you What v.pdf
1.What does the emergence of autonomous vehicles mean to you? What value about car travel
would you increase, decrease, eliminate?
2. Think of at least 3 Blue Ocean innovations that would be needed in order for autonomous
vehicles to be successful: these can be internal/organizational efficiency innovations or new
products/services.
3. Do you think the biggest barriers will be technical or social in nature?
4) each individual should create a list of at least 10 “factors of competition” that are relevant to
the personal transportation market.
5) Conduct “mini-interviews” with at least 5 people and get feedback about your identified
factors of competition – are some factors more important to people than others, are there factors
identified by your interviewees that you missed? Note: these are informal “mini-interviews”, and
each individual must conduct at least 5 interviews to provide market feedback on your factors of
competition. Record your notes from each mini-interview using the table structure below:
Interviewee
Name, Age, Location, Gender and About
Eliminate
Reduce
Raise
Create
Insights
Mary Jones: 48 from Birmingham, AL. Female. Busy working mom with 2 middle-school kids
1. External Appearance
2. Taxi services
3. New road construction
4. Road signs
5. Mom having to drive kids to soccer practice – YEAH!!
1. Complexity of the dashboard
2. Air pollution
3. Engine size and performance
4. Car salesmen and personal car ownership
1. Entertainment and internet access in car
2. Comfort through alternative seating styles (e.g. 4 people facing each other around a table)
3. Ease of maintenance and longevity of cars
1. Members-only service (e.g. I belong to the Volvo driving club, which has its own app and
fleet of cars)
2. Vehicle support services – cars need to come in to get gas and fixed by mechanics
Value proposition: Time (not having to drive kids everywhere)
Safety (people could drink and get home safely)
Fun (spend travel time playing with kids, watching movies etc.) individual’s interview summary
table, each individual’s original list of 10 competitive factors. These should all be aggregated
into one document and uploaded to our Canvas course site.
Interviewee
Name, Age, Location, Gender and About
Eliminate
Reduce
Raise
Create
Insights
Mary Jones: 48 from Birmingham, AL. Female. Busy working mom with 2 middle-school kids
1. External Appearance
2. Taxi services
3. New road construction
4. Road signs
5. Mom having to drive kids to soccer practice – YEAH!!
1. Complexity of the dashboard
2. Air pollution
3. Engine size and performance
4. Car salesmen and personal car ownership
1. Entertainment and internet access in car
2. Comfort through alternative seating styles (e.g. 4 people facing each other around a table)
3. Ease of maintenance and longevity of cars
1. Members-only service (e.g. I belong to the Volvo driving club, which has its own app and
fleet of cars)
2. Vehicle support services – cars need to come in to get gas and fixed by mechanic.
You have installed a PCIe wireless NIC in a computer desktop in a sm.pdf
You have installed a PCIe wireless NIC in a computer desktop in a small office environment that
cannot be wired for an Ethernet network. Despite the fact that the nearest access point is well
within range, the computer still receives a poor Wi-Fi signal. What can you do to improve the
computer’s reception?
A. Turn up the sensitivity on the PCIe wireless NIC.
B. Install a PCIe wireless NIC with a stronger receiver.
C. Install an external USB wireless NIC that can have its antenna placed to get better reception.
D. Change the entire wireless network to use an 802.11 standard that has greater range.
Solution
C. Internal wireless NICs have the antenna directly connected to the NIC so that it sits at the
back of the computer. This might not be the ideal location to receive Wi-Fi signals, even if the
computer is within range otherwise. Using a USB wireless NIC with an external antenna that can
be moved for better reception is a more workable option..
You have identified a novel enzyme. Supercoiled DNA shows an upward m.pdf
You have identified a novel enzyme. Supercoiled DNA shows an upward mobility shift
following a short incubation with the enzyme. Following a long incubation with the enzyme, the
supercoiled DNA seems to disappear or be converted in a large number of small fragments. What
kind of enzyme is our novel enzyme likely to be? Type I topoisomerase Type II topoisomerase
Restriction enzyme DNA nuclease A and B are both correct
Solution
.C. Restriction enzymes . are a class of enzymes that act upon the DNA molecule at specific site
and cleave DNA molecule into small fragments..
Which of the following wireless standards uses direct sequence sprea.pdf
Which of the following wireless standards uses direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) by
default?
A. Bluetooth
B. 802.11a
C. 802.11b
D. 802.11ac
Solution
C. 802.11b uses direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology. DSSS is a transmission
method that transmits the data along with a chipping bit to increase the signal’s resistance to
interference. Answer A is incorrect because Bluetooth uses frequency-hopping spread spectrum.
Answer B is incorrect because 802.11a uses orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. Answer
D is incorrect because 802.11ac uses MIMO-OFDM.
Which one of the following statements about lichens is false lichen.pdf
Which one of the following statements about lichens is false? lichens are resistant to pollution.
Lichens can withstand severe drought. lichens are important pioneers on new land. Some
lichens are thousands of years old. Some lichens tolerate severe cold. Which of the following
bacterium type would die in the presence of oxygen(poisoning)? Obligate aerobes Obligate
anaerobes Facultative anaerobes All of the above Which of the following traits do archaeans
and bacteria share? composition of the cell wall. presence of plasma membrane lack of a
nuclear envelope identical rRNA sequences 1 only 3 only 1 and 3 2 and 3 2 and 4 What do
\"fimbriae\" of bacteria do? Catch food Absorbing liquid food Sticking to a substrate. Help in
sexual reproduction All of the above. Picking up naked exracellular DNA molecule is
accomplished during Transcription Conjugation Transformation Transduction Translation
Which of the following confers antibiotic resistance? Transduction Jumping genes Hfr R
plasmid F plasmids
Solution
Lichens are resistant to pollution Obligate anaerobes lack of nuclear envelope Sticking to the
substrate transformation R plasmid.
What is the capability to combine data from separate sources to gain.pdf
What is the capability to combine data from separate sources to gain information?
A. Metadata
B. Inference
C. Aggregation
D. Deadlocking
Solution
C. Aggregation is the capability to combine data from separate sources to gain information.
Answer A is incorrect because metadata is data about data. Answer B is incorrect because
inference attacks occur when authorized users infer information by analyzing the data they have
access to. Answer D is incorrect because deadlocking is a database stalemate.
What are Factors that influence primary production in different zone.pdf
What are Factors that influence primary production in different zones of oceans and lakes
Solution
Organisms that synthesise the organic elements of life from the inorganic molecules are known
as \"primary producers.\" Plants, certain bacteria and algae are autotrophs (they feed themselves
by photosynthesis). Photosynthesis is a process through which plants use sun energy for the
production of organic material. Plants utilise necessary amount of sunlight for photosynthesis.
The major factors affecting the primary production in different zones of oceans and lakes are,
1). Availability of Sun light
2). Mineral nutrients
In contrast, the terrestrial plants have the limitations of water supply and uniform temperature.
As the aquatic plants and organisms live in the water itself, they do not suffer from water
scarcity. Also, temperature is uniform due to the heat capacity of water..
Using NetBeansQ1. Write a program that uses a stack to convert a n.pdf
Using NetBeans
Q1. Write a program that uses a stack to convert a number in base 10 to a number in base 2.
Solution
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Decimal2BinaryDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in =new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Enter decimal number =\");
int num=in.nextInt();
Stack s4 = new Stack();
int n=num;
int i = 0;
while (n > 0) {
s4.push(n % 2);
n = n / 2;
i++;
}
//s4.print();
System.out.print(num+\" is convert to binary ->\");
while (i > 0) {
System.out.print(s4.pop()+\" \");
i--;
}
}
}.
Use the counting techniques from the last chapter. A bag contains fo.pdf
Use the counting techniques from the last chapter. A bag contains four red marbles, two green
ones, one fluorescent pink one, three yellow ones, and three orange ones. Suzan grabs five at
random. Find the probability of the indicated event. She gets all the red ones, given that she gets
the fluorescent pink one.
Solution
Given that she gets the fluorescent pink one, she needs to pick 4 more from remaining 12
marbles
Out of these 4 more, she can pick 4 red marbles in 4C4 ways.
Total number of ways of selecting 4 marbles from 12: 12C4
Probability of all red picked up = 4C4 / 12C4 = 1/495 = 0.00202.
the three types of associations (chance, non-causal, and causal). De.pdf
the three types of associations (chance, non-causal, and causal). Describe each giving an example
of each .
Solution
Association refers to linkage among variables.
1.)Chance:It is a fake or false association due to bias.For example:increased coke intake and
crime rate in a country.
2.)Casual:Cause and effect relation can be seen that is independent variable must cause change in
independent variable. For example: sugar intake and high diabetes.
3.)No direct association between two variables.For example: alcohol use and smoking..
The problem of so-called “push polls”When advocacy calls are made .pdf
The problem of so-called “push polls”
When advocacy calls are made under the guise of research
This statement from AAPOR, American Association for Public Opinion Research, explains how
to tell the difference between fraudulent political polls—commonly referred to as “push
polls”—and legitimate polling, including message testing. AAPOR condemns political
telemarketing under the guise of research and is committed to providing information that
explains what this unethical campaign practice is and what you can do about it.
A “Push Poll” is not a Legitimate Poll
A so-called \"push poll\" is an insidious form of negative campaigning, disguised as a political
poll. “Push polls” are not surveys at all, but rather unethical political telemarketing -- telephone
calls disguised as research that aim to persuade large numbers of voters and affect election
outcomes, rather than measure opinions. This misuse of the survey method exploits the trust
people have in research organizations and violates the AAPOR Code of Professional Ethics and
Practices.
Identifying Advocacy Calls Made Under the Guise of Research
Political telemarketing calls, when disguised as research, may sometimes be difficult to
differentiate from a legitimate survey. Here are characteristics that will usually indicate to a
respondent that the call is not a legitimate survey.
One or only a few questions are asked, all about a single candidate or a single issue.
The questions are uniformly strongly negative (or sometimes uniformly positive) descriptions of
the candidate or issue.
The organization conducting the calls is not named, or a phony name is used.
Evasive answers are given in response to requests for more information about the survey.
In addition, the following characteristics will indicate to journalists, reporters, and survey
professionals that a telephone call is not a legitimate survey.
The number of people called is very large, sometimes many thousands.
The calls are not based on a random sample.
It is difficult to find out which organization conducted the interviews.
Fraudulent Polls vs. Message Testing
The fact that a poll contains negative information about one or more candidates does NOT in and
of itself make it a \'push poll.’ Political campaigns routinely sponsor legitimate “message-
testing” surveys that are used by campaign consultaest out the effectiveness of various possible
campaints to tgn messages or campaign ad content, often including negative messages. Political
message-testing surveys may sometimes be confused with fake polling, but they are very
different. One way to tell is that message-testing surveys exhibit the characteristics of a
legitimate survey, such as:
At the beginning of the call, the interviewer clearly identifies the call center actually making the
calls. (However, legitimate political polling firms will often choose not to identify the client who
is sponsoring the research, be it a candidate or a political party, since that could bias the survey
.
The phylogeny in this figure shows the evolution of visual opsins in .pdf
The phylogeny in this figure shows the evolution of visual opsins in tetrapods. Each colored
triangle represents a different opsin. Which of the following accurately describes the opsins in
these species Squamate reptiles Birds New World Humans primates A opsin gain A Opsin loss
opsin loss Tetrapod ancestor
Solution
Synapomorphy is a character present in ancestral species and shared exclusively by its
evolutionary descendants
Symplesiomorphy is an ancestral character that is shared by two or more taxa.
Based on the choices given above the last choice is the correct answer. The green opsin was
developed in the ancestors of the baboons and human and hence the two groups share that
character. The light blue opsin was present in the tetrapod ancestor and it is now shared by the
two taxa descended from the common ancestor..
The hypothetical Western Chickadee comprises three major populations.pdf
The hypothetical Western Chickadee comprises three major populations: Pacific, Great Basin,
and Rockies. In the chickadees, the bill color gene has two alleles (B_1 & B_2). Relevant
information about genotypes and the populations follows: Pacific N =- 350,000 f (B_1) = 0.97
Great Basin N = 450,000 f (B_1) = 0.96 Rockies N = 750,000 f (B_1) = 0.98 B_1 B_1 bill color
= black, relative fitness = 1.0 B_1 B_2 bill color = black, relative fitness = 1.0 B_2 B_2 bill
color = yellow, relative fitness = 0.6 In which population is drift likely to have the largest effect?
Pacific Great Basin Rockies There is not enough information provided to determine this.
Solution
Hi,
I hope my answer is satisfactory.
Thanks!!.
The accumulation of partially decayed plant material is called Pea Pe.pdf
The accumulation of partially decayed plant material is called Pea Peat may be covered with
sediment and placed under extreme andss With time and pressure peat may be compressed into
boaAu tread (Paragraph 2)The rate of fossil fuel formation was great during the period. The
lands were covered by Carbon accross and the climate was ool Zdanne so this favored year round
growth. The Svps dominated the landscape and hence created most of the coal. Also present but
not in type of seed plants. abundance were the (Paragrpah 3) which tree dominated in the
Carboniferous? trees Another tree, Giant Horsetails, was also abundant. These were both svps, so
they still had external fertilization (released spores and sperm into the water). They flourished in
this tropical/wet climate. (Pg 401, paragraph 2) What happened to the climate and hence the svp
trees at the end of the \"R Carboniferous? climakt tin coz t ceel ca med agey in The water
receded so the spores and sperm croaked Only pmaALlycDonytes relatives of SVP trees remain
today. One group of Gymnosperms, survived to today. They evolved pollen to transport sperm
and so moved to internal fertilization. They were able to take over the drying landscape at the
end of the Carboniferous!!!!!
Solution
Ques-1:
The accumulation of partially decayed plant material is called peat. Peat may be covered with
sediment and placed under extreme pressure. With time and pressure peat may be compressed
into \"peat bog\" or mire
Ques-2
The rate of fossil fuel formation was great during the carboniferous period. The lands were
covered by peat (dead trees & dead plant organisms) and climate was cold & damped. So this
favored year round growth. The SVPs dominated the landscape and hence created most of the
coal. Also present but not in abundance were the vascular -angiosperm type of seed plants.
19. DNA “Nucleotide bases” are selective in their bonding. Thinking .pdf
19. DNA “Nucleotide bases” are selective in their bonding. Thinking about your readings, and
the details discussed in lecture 2~4, what is the corresponding (“mirror image”) sequence of
bases for the DNA strand CTAATGT?
In question 19, I stated that the sequence of nucleotide bases was DNA, rather than RNA, but
you could have known this anyway, just by looking at the bases that are present. How do you
know that this was not a sequence of RNA?
Solution
Genes consist of specific sequences of DNA nucleotides (complementary base pairs) which code
for the structure of polypeptide chains. These polypeptide chains are tRNA (transfer RNA) and
mRNA (messenger RNA), which perform transcription and translation processes respectively
during protein synthesis.
So, these DNA nucleotides otherwise called “bases” carry the message encoding for the
synthesis of a protein. There are four such bases, namely, adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G),
and cytosine (C), which are the building blocks of DNA’s double helical structure. RNA contains
Uracil (U) in place of thymine.
Among these base pairs, adenine binds with thymine and guanine binds with cytosine, this is
called as complementary pairing. In RNA, adenine binds with uracil.
The corresponding sequence/mirror image/complimentary sequence od the given DNA sequence
CTAATGT is, GATTACA.
We can determine that the above sequence is DNA because thymine is present. RNA contains
uracil in place of thymine..
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Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
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Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
I need help creating a flow chart for my unknown bacteria which was .pdf
- 1. I need help creating a flow chart for my unknown bacteria which was (P aeroginosa) Create a flow chart of biochemical tests with the following bacteria to get P aeroginosa as your final result. The other bacterias are: S sonnei S Typhi K pneumonia P aeroginosa (my unknown) Solution Identification of P.aeruginosa: Laboratory identification: Gram stain: Gram negative Motility: Motile Oxidase: Positive Catalase: Positive So, it belongs to non- eneterobacteriaceae species such as Vibrio and Pseudomonas species. MacConkey’s agar: Non-lactose fermenting Growth on nutrient agar: Produces non-fluorescent bluish green colonies due to the presence of characteristic toxin released by P. aeruginosa, “PYOCYANIN.” Vibrio do not produce this pigment. Causes beta hemolysis on blood agar media. The colonies best grow at 420C and produces sweet odour.