the three types of associations (chance, non-causal, and causal). Describe each giving an example of each . Solution Association refers to linkage among variables. 1.)Chance:It is a fake or false association due to bias.For example:increased coke intake and crime rate in a country. 2.)Casual:Cause and effect relation can be seen that is independent variable must cause change in independent variable. For example: sugar intake and high diabetes. 3.)No direct association between two variables.For example: alcohol use and smoking..