Đại cương muỗi, muỗi sốt rét

•

4 likes•883 views

Huy Hoang

Health & Medicine

o B NhËt
Ban).
(viªm n o B NhËt
Ban).
(viªm n o B NhËt Ban +
).
Muçi lµ vector chÝnhMuçi lµ vector chÝnh

( )
( ).
( )
( ).
Muçi lµ vector chÝnhMuçi lµ vector chÝnh

Đối với người làm nghiên cứu khoa học, việc xử lý số liệu là một công việc khó nhọc và mất nhiều thời gian. Điều quan trọng là phải nắm được thuật toán nào phù hợp với mô hình nghiên cứu của mình, còn việc tính toán sẽ tiến hành trên máy tính với các phần mềm tùy chọn. Hiện nay, có rất nhiều phần mềm thống kê đang được sử dụng như: Epi info, Stata, SPSS, SAS, R... Mỗi phần mềm đều có ưu điểm riêng của nó. Sử dụng phần mềm nào tùy thuộc vào kỹ năng của nhà phân tích. Một phần mềm thống kê có tên là Medcalc được ứng dụng đặc thù trong nghiên cứu y học đúng như tên gọi của nó. Medcalc có dung lượng nhỏ, dễ cài đặt. Việc thực hiện các lệnh bằng chuột dễ thao tác. Kết quả phân tích số liệu cho ra các bảng, biểu đồ rõ ràng, màu sắc đẹp, có thể cắt dán dễ dàng vào các trang nghiên cứu khoa học hoặc luận văn, luận án. Chương trình Medcalc còn cung cấp các công cụ thực hiện các test kiểm định trực tiếp như kiểm định trung bình, tỷ lệ, so sánh 2 giá trị trung bình hay tỷ lệ từ số liệu trình bày trong các bảng của luận văn, luận án. Điều này rất hữu ích cho các nhà phản biện muốn kiểm tra tính chính xác của các kết quả này. Đây là một tiện ích của chương trình Medcalc mà không phải phần mềm xử lý số liệu nào cũng có được. Ngoài ra chương trình còn cho phép tính toán cở mẫu theo thiết kế nghiên cứu rất hay.

đạI cương vi nấm y học

Huy Hoang

Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx

Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore

Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion

SwastikAyurveda

Recently uploaded

Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx

Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore

Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion

SwastikAyurveda

Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad

NephroTube - Dr.Gawad

- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo - Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI - Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html - Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com - Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html

Pharma Pcd Franchise in Jharkhand - Yodley Lifesciences

Yodley Lifesciences

Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam

KafrELShiekh University

Effective-Soaps-for-Fungal-Skin-Infections.pptx

SwisschemDerma

Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf

MedicoseAcademics

Title: Sense of Smell Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology Qualifications: MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore) FCPS Physiology ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU) MPH (GC University, Faisalabad) MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan) Learning Objectives: Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness. Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction. Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain. Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential. Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes. Key Topics: Olfactory Genes: 3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes. 400 genes for odorant receptors. Olfactory Membrane: Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity. Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum. Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate. Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters. Olfactory Mucosa: Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell. Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment. Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months. Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus. Stimulation of Olfactory Cells: Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia. Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve. Quality of a Good Odorant: Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble. Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus. Membrane Potential and Action Potential: Resting membrane potential: -55mV. Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength. Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell: Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation. Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system. Primary Sensations of Smell: Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid. Odor Detection Threshold: Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm). Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations. Characteristics of Smell: Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein. Behavioral and emotional influences of smell. Transmission of Olfactory Signals: From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition. Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path

Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf

MedicoseAcademics

These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract. Learning objectives: 1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract 2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out 3. Discuss the significance of dead space 4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation 5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes Study Resources: 1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition 2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition 3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition 4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874

Vision-1.pptx, Eye structure, basics of optics

Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy

Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste

MedicoseAcademics

Title: Sense of Taste Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology Qualifications: MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore) FCPS Physiology ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU) MPH (GC University, Faisalabad) MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan) Learning Objectives: Describe the structure and function of taste buds. Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances. Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation. Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes. Key Topics: Significance of Taste Sensation: Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food Influence on behavior Selection of food based on metabolic needs Receptors of Taste: Taste buds on the tongue Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper) Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations: Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste Taste Threshold and Index: Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine) Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold Taste Blindness: Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds Example: Phenylthiocarbamide Structure and Function of Taste Buds: Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers Location of Taste Buds: Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate) Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus Mechanism of Taste Stimulation: Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation: Decrease in sensitivity with age Rapid adaptation of taste sensation Role of Saliva in Taste: Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors Washing away the stimulus Taste Preferences and Aversions: Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion Influence of receptors and neural pathways Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage: Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut Abnormalities of Taste Detection: Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia) Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold: Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity Supertasters: 25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness Increased number of fungiform papillae

A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam

Dr. Jyothirmai Paindla

SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE RETROPERITONEUM, ADRENALS, KIDNEYS AND URETERS.pptx

Bright Chipili

Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx

Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore

Sex determination from mandible pelvis and skull

ShashankRoodkee

CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}

NEHA GUPTA

The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice. Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health. In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.

Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah

pal078100

Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx

Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore

Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf

vimalpl1234

Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India

SwastikAyurveda

NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program

Sapna Thakur

Recently uploaded (20)

Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx

Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion

Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad

Pharma Pcd Franchise in Jharkhand - Yodley Lifesciences

Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam

Effective-Soaps-for-Fungal-Skin-Infections.pptx

Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf

Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf

Vision-1.pptx, Eye structure, basics of optics

Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste

A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam

SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE RETROPERITONEUM, ADRENALS, KIDNEYS AND URETERS.pptx

Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx

Sex determination from mandible pelvis and skull

CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}

Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah

Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx

Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf

Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India

NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program