The document discusses the different spheres or layers of the Earth. It begins by describing the Earth and its color compared to other planets. It then discusses the four subsystems that make up Earth and flow of matter and energy between them. It identifies the layers of the Earth and differentiates between them. Finally, it discusses natural waters and the water cycle.
Earth's Internal Structure - Earth and Life Science / Earth Science for SHS
I do not own any material in this presentation. Credits go to their respective owners.
• Earth, along with the other planets, is believed to have been born 4.5 billion years ago as a solidified cloud of dust and gases left over from the creation of the Sun.
• For perhaps 500 million years, the interior of Earth stayed solid and relatively cool, perhaps 2,000°F.
• The main ingredients were iron and silicates, with small amounts of other elements, some of them radioactive.
• As millions of years passed, energy released by radioactive decay—mostly of uranium, thorium, and potassium—gradually heated Earth, melting some of its constituents.
• The iron melted before the silicates, and, being heavier, sank toward the center.
• This forced up the silicates that it found there.
• After many years, the iron reached the center, almost 4,000 mi deep, and began to accumulate. No eyes were around at that time to view the turmoil that must have taken place on the face of Earth—gigantic heaves and bubblings on the surface, exploding volcanoes, and flowing lava covering everything in sight.
• Finally, the iron in the center accumulated as the core. Around it, a thin but fairly stable crust of solid rock formed as Earth cooled.
• Depressions in the crust were natural basins in which water, rising from the interior of the planet through volcanoes and fissures, collected to form the oceans. Slowly, Earth acquired its present appearance.
Atmosphere is the blanket of air that surrounds the earth and the composition of the Atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen 0.9% argon and 0.1% other gases. Earth has 6 layers of Atmosphere around it to protect us from harmful gases & maintain the suitable temperature for the life on the earth .The layers are Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere , Thermosphere , Exosphere and Ionosphere.
Earth's Internal Structure - Earth and Life Science / Earth Science for SHS
I do not own any material in this presentation. Credits go to their respective owners.
• Earth, along with the other planets, is believed to have been born 4.5 billion years ago as a solidified cloud of dust and gases left over from the creation of the Sun.
• For perhaps 500 million years, the interior of Earth stayed solid and relatively cool, perhaps 2,000°F.
• The main ingredients were iron and silicates, with small amounts of other elements, some of them radioactive.
• As millions of years passed, energy released by radioactive decay—mostly of uranium, thorium, and potassium—gradually heated Earth, melting some of its constituents.
• The iron melted before the silicates, and, being heavier, sank toward the center.
• This forced up the silicates that it found there.
• After many years, the iron reached the center, almost 4,000 mi deep, and began to accumulate. No eyes were around at that time to view the turmoil that must have taken place on the face of Earth—gigantic heaves and bubblings on the surface, exploding volcanoes, and flowing lava covering everything in sight.
• Finally, the iron in the center accumulated as the core. Around it, a thin but fairly stable crust of solid rock formed as Earth cooled.
• Depressions in the crust were natural basins in which water, rising from the interior of the planet through volcanoes and fissures, collected to form the oceans. Slowly, Earth acquired its present appearance.
Atmosphere is the blanket of air that surrounds the earth and the composition of the Atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen 0.9% argon and 0.1% other gases. Earth has 6 layers of Atmosphere around it to protect us from harmful gases & maintain the suitable temperature for the life on the earth .The layers are Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere , Thermosphere , Exosphere and Ionosphere.
What are the Layers and Structure of Atmosphere?Tutoroot
Explore Earth's atmospheric layers, from the troposphere to the exosphere. Learn about their unique compositions, temperatures, and roles in weather patterns and climate regulation. The atmosphere is a vital component of our planet, encompassing a complex arrangement of different layers. These layers of the atmosphere play a crucial role in the Earth’s climate, weather patterns, and the overall sustenance of life. Enroll now at Tutoroot.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. Describe Earth. What is its color
compare to the other planets in
the solar system? What does this
signify?
4. PLEDGE OF LEARNING
1. I can explain that the Earth consists of four
subsystems, across whose boundaries
matter and energy flow;
2. I can identify the layer of the earth;
3. I can differentiate the layers of the Earth;
4. I can explain what natural waters are;
5. ◍is a set of
interconnected
components that
are interacting to
form a unified
whole.
What is the System?
Geosphere
7. 1.Record the total number of times the
right thumb was on “LAND”, It was on
“WATER”.
2.Determine the percentage of the
globe covered by water and the
percentage of the globe covered by
land.
8. QUESTION:
What can you infer about
the composition of the
Earth’s surface from the
activity?
10. Encompasses all water found on earth
What is the Earth’s Hydrosphere?
water covers 70% of earth’s surface
-seawater-97%
-fresh water- 3%
11. What is the Earth’s Hydrosphere?
◍If five gallons represent all the water
on earth, how much water is available
on humans for consumption?
12. Is the portion of the earth
that includes the interior
structure, rocks and
minerals, landforms, and
all physical processes on
the land that shape
earth’s surface.
What is the Earth’s Geosphere?
13. Divided into 3 Layers
1. Crust
2. Mantle
a. Upper mantle
b. Lower mantle
3. Core
a. Inner Core
b. Outer Core
What is the Earth’s Geosphere?
14. ◍Crust
- consists of a 5 to 70 km thick layer of
oceanic and continental crusts.
- composed of 8 elements
-(oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron,
calcium, sodium, potassium and
magnesium)
EARTH’S INTERNAL STRUCTURE
15. ◍Mohorovicic discontinuity
- also called as Moho
- recognized as the transitional boundary
that divides the crust from the mantle.
EARTH’S INTERNAL STRUCTURE
16. ◍Mantle
- below the crust
- asthenosphere
- lies on the upper part of the mantle and is
directly below the crust
- made up of silicate rocks
- considered to be the thickest layer of the earth
EARTH’S INTERNAL STRUCTURE
18. ◍Core
- chiefly made up of iron and nickel.
- iron in the outer core is in liquid form
outer core
- is in liquid form
inner core
- is in solid form
EARTH’S INTERNAL STRUCTURE
21. Made up of living things and their
habitats.
The biosphere is the set of all life
forms on Earth.
It covers all ecosystems—from the
soil to the rainforest, from
mangroves to coral reefs, and from
the plankton-rich ocean surface to
the deep sea.
What is the Earth’s Biosphere?
22. Would earth be able to sustain life if one
of the major spheres is not present?
Explain your answer.
Check your understanding:
23. • Bring the ff. materials:
graphing paper
pencil
ruler
Assignment:
27. GROUP 1-JINGLE
GROUP 2-GAME SHOW
GROUP 3-NEWS REPORTING/NEWS CASTING
GROUP 4-TALK SHOW
GROUP 5-ROLE PLAYING
GROUP 6-CHORAL READING
28. Content- offers current information on the topic
chosen thoroughly covers each aspect of the
question.
40 %
Presentation – The student makes a genuine
effort to present, not just read the material.
35 %
Teamwork – Each member of the group is
actively and effectively participating towards a
specific goal.
25 pts.
TOTAL 100%
Presentation Learning Activity Rubric
29.
30.
31. Thin life-giving gaseous
envelope the earth.
Contains the air we breathe.
Composition
-78% Nitrogen
-21% Oxygen
-1% Trace Gases.
Traps Heat Energy from the
sun.
-Greenhouse effect, keeps
the planet warm.
What is the Earth’s Atmosphere?
35. TROPOSPHERE
◍Troposphere is where the weather forms;
commercial airplanes also fly on this layer. The
air is very unstable on this layer that’s why we
sometimes experience a bumpy ride which we
call turbulence. The highest peak in the world
which is the Mt. Everest also seats in this layer.
36. TROPOSPHERE
◍Consider to be the densest among the other
layers.
◍Most jets and planes would fly slightly above
the troposphere to avoid turbulent weather.
◍Tropopause – thin buffer zone reaching the
next layer above the troposphere
38. STRATOSPHERE
◍The air in this layer has strong, steady
horizontal winds which is advantageous to long
distance flights.
◍Ozone layer - plays a very important role in
absorbing the ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
◍Stratopause- thin buffer zone exists before the
next layer above the stratosphere.
40. MESOSPHERE
◍The temperature reaches minimum of -90°C
◍Considered to be the coldest layer.
◍Carbon dioxide tends to cool the layer by
radiating heat into space.
◍Important in protecting earth from planetary
debris
◍Mesopause – thin buffer zone above the
mesosphere
41. THERMOSPHERE
◍Thermosphere is where auroras are found.
Sun's energy is so strong at this level, that it
breaks apart molecules. So there ends up being
electrons floating around and molecules which
have lost or gained electrons that is why we
have radio signals because of this layer.
42. THERMOSPHERE
◍Hottest layer because of its absorption of
highly energetic solar heat.
◍Can rise higher, even reaching beyond 1000°C
◍Ionosphere- lower part of the thermosphere,
where particles of oxygen and nitrogen are
electrically charged by the solar wind.
43. THERMOSPHERE
◍Aurora- the specular display of colorful
lights in the sky
Aurora borealis or northern lights
- witnessed in the northern region
Aurora Australis or southern lights
-seen in the southern regions
Thermopause- serves as the buffer zone which
separates the thermosphere from space.
44. Aurora borealis or Northern lights
- Aurora displays occur
when charged particles from
the sun interact with gases
in the earth’s atmosphere.
Auroras are seen only in the
high latitudes of both
hemispheres because the
earth’s magnetic field draws
solar particles into the polar
regions
46. What do you think is the
basis for the division of
our atmosphere?
In what layers of the
atmosphere does the
temperature increase
with height?
47. In the troposphere, why do you
think temperature decrease as
altitude increases?
Why do you think the
temperature in the
stratosphere increases
with height?
48. In the mesosphere,
temperature decreases
as height increases, what
do you think causes this
temperature variation?
Temperature increases
with altitude in the
thermosphere. Give a
possible explanation.
50. Layers of the Atmosphere Relationship between Altitude and
Temperature
Troposphere Inversely proportional
Stratosphere Directly proportional
Mesosphere Inversely proportional
Thermosphere Directly proportional
Exosphere Directly proportional
51. Atmosphere helps us in many ways:
Breathing comes naturally.
We need oxygen to keep our bodies working. A
radiation shield.
Security Blanket.
The atmosphere also keeps us warm.
Weathering the storm.
Closely related to temperature regulation, the
atmosphere also gives us weather.
52. Atmosphere helps us in many ways:
Look out below!
Another really important thing that the atmosphere
does is to protect us from objects coming toward the
earth from outer space.
Plant life.
The atmosphere is also very important for plants
because it contains a small amount of carbon
dioxide. Plants use the carbon dioxide (CO2) along
with sunshine to carry out a process called
photosynthesis.
53. Atmosphere helps us in many ways:
Let’s Talk.
One more thing the atmosphere does
is it allows us to talk to each other. If
you were talking to your friend and
there were no air between the two of
you, your friend would not be able to
hear a thing you said.
54. It is cooler in Baguio that in
Manila. Baguio is at a higher
altitude than Manila. Shouldn’t
it be warmer in Baguio since it
is a lot closer to the sun?
55. LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Objective:
• to determine how the atmosphere
divided into different layers
56. Procedure:
1. Plot the average temp readings at various
altitudes in Earth’s atmosphere.
2. Label the different layers and the
separating boundaries between each
layers and locate the ozone layer
(troposphere, tropopause, stratosphere,
stratopause, mesosphere, mesopause,
thermosphere)
58. Assignment:
In a short bond paper, write a letter to your 25
year old self. Describe our planet today and
the effects of global warming in your daily life.
Write your desire to make a difference.