Hypothyroidism is a disease that occur due to lack of thyroid hormone in blood leading to low basal metabolic rate caused by various factors like goiter.

1. Hypothyroidism
DECREASED SECRETION OF THYROID HORMONE

2. Causes:
Hashimoto’s Disease
Idiopathic Non-Toxic Colloid Goiter
Endemic Goiter

3. Hashimoto’s Disease:
Autoimmunity destroy gland rather than activation
Leads to thyroiditis (inflammation of thyroid gland) in some patient
Progressively causes deterioration and finally fibrosis of gland with diminished or no secretion

4. Idiopathic Non-Toxic Colloid Goiter:
No iodine deficiency occur but still there is less secretion of hormone
Abnormality can occur in,
Deficiency of iodine trapping system ( iodine not pumped adequately)
Deficiency of peroxidase system
Deficient of coupling of iodinated tyrosine in thyroglobulin
Deficiency of deiodinase enzyme
Maybe food that is taken has goitrogens

5. Endemic Goiter:
Insufficiency of iodine ( occur in an area where soil lacks iodine leading to growth of iodine deficient
food stuff)
No iodine
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level increases
TSH stimulate thyroid gland and Gland produces no secretion
Gland size increases
No secretion of T3 and T 4

6. Symptoms:
Muscular sluggishness
Constipation
Slowed heart rate (decreased cardiac output)
Increased body weight
Depressed growth of hair
Fatigue and extreme somnolence that someone can sleep up to 12-14hrs
Husky voice frog like
Cold intolerance
Atherosclerosis occurrences chances increases

7. Myxedema (Edematous appearance of body)
Bagging under the eyes and swell rings that occur due to increase hyaluronic acid and chondroitin
sulfate with protein in tissue gel
Non pitting edema

8. Diagnostic Test:
Test Results in patients
BMR (Basal metabolic rate) Decreased (-30 to -50)
Free Thyroxin level increased

9. Treatment:
Daily oral ingestion
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