Hydrogen: A Future Aviation Fuel?
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June 1980 Undergraduate dissertation examining the Lockheed proposal to fly LH2 fuelled Tristars. Submitted for BSc Science of Resources, University of Birmingham.
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Derisking EE finance steven fawkes 26 Apr 2018
To achieve ambitious climate goals, annual investment in energy efficiency must increase five-fold to over $1 trillion per year by 2050. However, financing energy efficiency projects faces numerous challenges including small project sizes, performance uncertainty, and lack of standardization. These issues apply across all sources of finance whether on- or off-balance sheet. Derisking energy efficiency requires addressing project development risks, performance risks, and financing barriers through standardized processes, tools to evaluate value and risk, "super developers" to aggregate projects, and building capacity across the financial and energy sectors. The Investor Confidence Project framework supports standardization to reduce due diligence costs and increase confidence in energy savings.
The role of cities in increasing investor confidence in energy efficiency
Cities have a major role to play in scaling up investment in energy efficiency to meet climate goals. Standardization of energy efficiency project development and documentation is an essential part of building the financing framework but not the only part. The Investor Confidence Project's Investor Ready Energy Efficiency system provides an operational standardization framework that has been applied across 13 countries and building types to reduce risks, lower costs, and increase investment in energy efficiency projects.
Innovative Financial Models and Programmes for the Delivery of Energy Efficie...
Presentation setting out models of finance and programmes for Energy Efficiency Projects. Stresses the point that EE is only a small market and won't really change the way that finance works.
investor Ready Energy Efficiency
This document discusses an international framework called Investor Ready Energy Efficiency (IREE) that aims to reduce risks for owners and investors in energy efficiency projects. IREE would certify that projects were developed using best practices, independently verified, and prepared by qualified professionals. This certification would give owners confidence in projects and savings, enable comparison of projects, and function as an underwriting criteria. The benefits of IREE include lower due diligence costs, increased access to projects, and enabling aggregation of projects across borders for both building owners and investors. It would also aid quality assurance and increase credibility for project developers and allow for distributing quality assurance costs.
Energy efficiency: how much will policy / technology reduce demand
The document discusses how various factors including policy, technology, economics, finance, and business models will accelerate energy efficiency uptake and significantly reduce energy demand. It outlines the EU's proposed "Clean Energy for all Europeans" package which includes a 30% binding energy efficiency target for 2030 and various energy efficiency directives and standards. It also discusses how energy efficiency is the cheapest source of energy, finance is increasingly available to invest in efficiency projects, and new business models are emerging to drive efficiency upgrades. The document concludes that these converging factors will reduce energy demand more than most official forecasts predict and that we are living in a new low energy future without having fully tried.
Derisking energy efficiency project investment
Investor confidence in energy efficiency projects can be increased by standardizing processes and documentation using protocols like the Investor Confidence Project. Three key things are:
1) The ICP protocols standardize best practices in project development, documentation, commissioning, and measurement and verification to reduce performance risks and transaction costs.
2) The De-risking Energy Efficiency Platform collects data on existing projects to analyze risks and returns, showing industry projects typically pay back in 2 years while integrated building renovations require over 11 years.
3) Non-energy benefits must be stressed over energy savings due to strategic importance, so benefits like increased asset values, productivity and sales should be valued and linked to organizational strategy.
Where is the money and how to make it flow
There is a large untapped market opportunity in energy efficiency of $0.9-1.3 trillion. However, a lack of standardization in project development and documentation is a major barrier to increasing investment. Standardizing processes can reduce risks and costs, enabling projects to meet capital market requirements. Developing a robust pipeline of strategic projects that highlight benefits beyond energy savings, such as improved health and productivity, can better attract investors. Bringing together project finance, pipeline development, capacity building and standardization requires new organizational models to scale up energy efficiency investment.
Building the Energy Efficiency Financing Market
The document discusses building the energy efficiency financing market in Europe. It notes that while there is big potential for energy efficiency projects, the market remains underdeveloped due to a lack of standardization. The Investor Confidence Project (ICP) is working to standardize project development, measurement and verification through its protocols to increase investor confidence and scale up financing. The ICP has also formed a European Investor Network and is seeking partners to further develop protocols for other sectors and launch a Retrofit Accelerator program to help assemble financing packages for energy efficiency projects.
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Derisking EE finance steven fawkes 26 Apr 2018
To achieve ambitious climate goals, annual investment in energy efficiency must increase five-fold to over $1 trillion per year by 2050. However, financing energy efficiency projects faces numerous challenges including small project sizes, performance uncertainty, and lack of standardization. These issues apply across all sources of finance whether on- or off-balance sheet. Derisking energy efficiency requires addressing project development risks, performance risks, and financing barriers through standardized processes, tools to evaluate value and risk, "super developers" to aggregate projects, and building capacity across the financial and energy sectors. The Investor Confidence Project framework supports standardization to reduce due diligence costs and increase confidence in energy savings.
The role of cities in increasing investor confidence in energy efficiency
Cities have a major role to play in scaling up investment in energy efficiency to meet climate goals. Standardization of energy efficiency project development and documentation is an essential part of building the financing framework but not the only part. The Investor Confidence Project's Investor Ready Energy Efficiency system provides an operational standardization framework that has been applied across 13 countries and building types to reduce risks, lower costs, and increase investment in energy efficiency projects.
Innovative Financial Models and Programmes for the Delivery of Energy Efficie...
Presentation setting out models of finance and programmes for Energy Efficiency Projects. Stresses the point that EE is only a small market and won't really change the way that finance works.
investor Ready Energy Efficiency
This document discusses an international framework called Investor Ready Energy Efficiency (IREE) that aims to reduce risks for owners and investors in energy efficiency projects. IREE would certify that projects were developed using best practices, independently verified, and prepared by qualified professionals. This certification would give owners confidence in projects and savings, enable comparison of projects, and function as an underwriting criteria. The benefits of IREE include lower due diligence costs, increased access to projects, and enabling aggregation of projects across borders for both building owners and investors. It would also aid quality assurance and increase credibility for project developers and allow for distributing quality assurance costs.
Energy efficiency: how much will policy / technology reduce demand
The document discusses how various factors including policy, technology, economics, finance, and business models will accelerate energy efficiency uptake and significantly reduce energy demand. It outlines the EU's proposed "Clean Energy for all Europeans" package which includes a 30% binding energy efficiency target for 2030 and various energy efficiency directives and standards. It also discusses how energy efficiency is the cheapest source of energy, finance is increasingly available to invest in efficiency projects, and new business models are emerging to drive efficiency upgrades. The document concludes that these converging factors will reduce energy demand more than most official forecasts predict and that we are living in a new low energy future without having fully tried.
Derisking energy efficiency project investment
Investor confidence in energy efficiency projects can be increased by standardizing processes and documentation using protocols like the Investor Confidence Project. Three key things are:
1) The ICP protocols standardize best practices in project development, documentation, commissioning, and measurement and verification to reduce performance risks and transaction costs.
2) The De-risking Energy Efficiency Platform collects data on existing projects to analyze risks and returns, showing industry projects typically pay back in 2 years while integrated building renovations require over 11 years.
3) Non-energy benefits must be stressed over energy savings due to strategic importance, so benefits like increased asset values, productivity and sales should be valued and linked to organizational strategy.
Where is the money and how to make it flow
There is a large untapped market opportunity in energy efficiency of $0.9-1.3 trillion. However, a lack of standardization in project development and documentation is a major barrier to increasing investment. Standardizing processes can reduce risks and costs, enabling projects to meet capital market requirements. Developing a robust pipeline of strategic projects that highlight benefits beyond energy savings, such as improved health and productivity, can better attract investors. Bringing together project finance, pipeline development, capacity building and standardization requires new organizational models to scale up energy efficiency investment.
Building the Energy Efficiency Financing Market
The document discusses building the energy efficiency financing market in Europe. It notes that while there is big potential for energy efficiency projects, the market remains underdeveloped due to a lack of standardization. The Investor Confidence Project (ICP) is working to standardize project development, measurement and verification through its protocols to increase investor confidence and scale up financing. The ICP has also formed a European Investor Network and is seeking partners to further develop protocols for other sectors and launch a Retrofit Accelerator program to help assemble financing packages for energy efficiency projects.
Energy Management for SMEs
This document outlines the agenda for an energy management webinar hosted by DEXMA. The webinar will include introductions from DEXMA, a 15 minute presentation from Dr. Steven Fawkes on the "11% Concept" regarding energy efficiency, a 10 minute presentation from Miguel Cruz on best practices for energy management in small and medium enterprises, and a 15 minute Q&A session. DEXMA will introduce their energy management software and services. The webinar aims to educate attendees on opportunities for improving energy efficiency and managing energy costs.
Innovations in energy efficiency projects, finance and markets
Presentation to Data Centre Dynamics conference November 2014. Gives context to global energy scene as well as information on ICP,
Building the Energy Efficiency Financing Market
Presentation in Brussels 22nd June 2016 covering Investor Confidence Project and EEFIG Derisking Project
Accelerating Investment in Energy Efficiency
The document summarizes efforts to accelerate investment in energy efficiency in Europe. It discusses how a lack of standardization has been a major barrier to large-scale energy efficiency financing. The Investor Confidence Project is working to address this by developing standardized energy efficiency protocols for projects in Europe. Widespread adoption of these protocols could help attract more institutional investment by reducing risks and transaction costs. The document also highlights some initiatives to build capacity for energy efficiency projects and programs among local authorities, developers, and financial institutions.
Financing Energy Productivity
The document discusses financing energy productivity improvements in the GCC countries. It notes that energy consumption and GDP growth are still closely linked in the GCC, and significant capital investments will be required to transition to higher energy productivity. It outlines four types of investments that can improve energy productivity: retrofits solely focused on efficiency; new buildings/facilities with above-average efficiency; investments shifting the economy toward less energy-intensive industries; and refurbishments including efficiency elements. It argues that maximizing efficiency investment requires specialized funds, growing ESCO markets, and standardizing processes, contracts, and measurement.
Industrial energy efficiency policy best practices
Presentation for C2E2 in Amsterdam, June 2016 on Best Practices and Case Studies for Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement book written for SE4ALL
G20 Energy Efficiency Meeting Hamburg
This document discusses the need for standardization in the energy efficiency sector to increase investment. It outlines that a lack of standardization currently results in greater performance risk, uncertainty, higher transaction costs, and difficulties building capacity and aggregating projects. The document proposes an international framework called the International Credentialed Protocol (ICP) that would establish best practices, independent verification, and transparency to reduce owner and investor risk and costs. Projects that follow ICP standards would be considered "Investor Ready Energy Efficiency" and could access an investor network with over €4 billion for funding such qualified projects.
Making the demand side more investable 12 9 17-2
This document discusses the need to increase investment in energy efficiency to achieve climate goals and outlines approaches to make energy efficiency projects more investable. Standardization of project development and documentation through frameworks like Investor Confidence Project (ICP) can help reduce risks and transaction costs. Initiatives like ICP and DEEP aim to build capacity for underwriting energy efficiency projects and provide data on project performance. The EEFIG Underwriting Toolkit also assists financial institutions in evaluating energy efficiency investments and analyzing associated risks. Together, these efforts around standardization, data collection, and risk analysis can help scale up investment in demand side technologies like energy efficiency that will be crucial for future electricity systems.
DENEFF keynote - Assembling the jigsaw of energy efficiency financing. Steven...
The document discusses barriers to developing a robust energy efficiency financing market in Europe. It notes that while the potential benefits of energy efficiency are recognized, the market remains underdeveloped due to a lack of standardization, small project sizes, and few sources of financing. It argues that building capacity across the entire value chain, including the demand side, financial institutions, and supply side, is needed. Standardized tools and protocols for measurement and verification could help overcome barriers by streamlining transactions and enabling aggregation of projects. A healthy market would have standardized products, skills, tools for quantifying savings, and multiple sources of mainstream and large-scale financing.
Media Appearance Sky News
Steven Fawkes is a content creator who produces videos. His videos cover a wide range of topics from comedy sketches to product reviews. Fawkes uploads regularly to maintain an engaged audience on his channel.
Steven fawkes keynote smart building conference 15 10 13
Keynote presentation made at Smart Building Conference 2013 introducing the idea of the energy efficiency cool wall.
Ecosummit may 2013 long
- Energy efficiency has significant untapped potential to boost economies and reduce environmental impacts. The IEA's efficient world scenario shows potential savings of $18 trillion by 2035 through increased efficiency investments.
- Major opportunities for efficiency exist across sectors like buildings, transportation, and industry. For example, more efficient buildings could save over $1 trillion in energy costs over 10 years while creating millions of new jobs.
- Barriers to greater efficiency include upfront costs, lack of data and performance transparency, and misaligned incentives across the value chain. Overcoming these barriers could unlock a $0.7 trillion investment opportunity and 27% energy savings.
Energy Efficiency Financing and Off Balance Sheet Treatment
Energy efficiency financing structures such as energy performance contracts (EPCs) and energy services agreements (ESAs) have traditionally relied on off-balance sheet treatment to appeal to clients. However, upcoming changes to international accounting standards around lease accounting will likely require most financing structures to be recorded on company balance sheets. While the final accounting rules have not been implemented, operating leases will no longer provide off-balance sheet treatment. This has implications for how energy service companies structure projects and how clients perceive energy efficiency financing options. ESAs and managed energy service agreements (MESAs) may still allow for off-balance sheet treatment if carefully structured around services instead of assets, but public guidance is still needed.
UK EE Financing Schemes: An Update
The document provides an update on UK financing programs for energy efficiency, including the Green Deal and Energy Company Obligation (ECO) programs. It notes that while the Green Deal launched in January 2013, it is still in early stages with around 18,000 assessments completed so far. Potential issues with the Green Deal include ensuring sufficient demand and delivering expected energy savings. Local authority-led models and financing from the Green Investment Bank and other sources are helping support energy efficiency programs, but more investment is still needed to fully address the market potential.
Steven Fawkes IERC 9th may 2013
The document argues that energy efficiency is the most cost-effective way to meet energy needs and reduce carbon emissions. It provides evidence that energy efficiency has much lower costs per megawatt-hour than renewable sources like solar and wind. Energy efficiency also provides additional benefits to the energy system like avoided infrastructure costs, does not require subsidies to be competitive, and generates more jobs per investment than other energy options. The document concludes that decarbonizing energy through renewables alone is not plausible and that energy efficiency should be the top priority if we want to meaningfully address energy and climate challenges cost-effectively.
Fawkes Steven ACEEE conference May 2013
The document provides an update on UK financing programs for energy efficiency (EE), including the Green Deal and Energy Company Obligation (ECO). Key points include:
- The Green Deal is gaining momentum with over 18,000 assessments completed, but faces potential issues around low conversion rates and achieving estimated savings.
- Local authority-led models are promising, with over £100 million committed across various UK cities.
- The Green Investment Bank has allocated over £100 million to non-domestic EE funds, but deals are still in the early stages.
- Additional initiatives include ESCOs in Peterborough and a £200 million corporate EE fund from the Royal Bank of Scotland.
Fawkes steven conference may 2013
The document provides an update on UK financing programs for energy efficiency (EE), including the Green Deal and Energy Company Obligation (ECO). Key points include:
- The Green Deal is gaining momentum with over 18,000 assessments completed, but faces potential issues around low conversion rates and achieving estimated savings.
- Local authority-led models are promising, with over £100 million committed across various UK cities.
- The Green Investment Bank has allocated over £100 million to non-domestic EE funds, but deals are still in the early stages.
- Additional initiatives include ESCOs in Peterborough and a £200 million corporate EE fund from the Royal Bank of Scotland.
Steven Fawkes IERC Cork 16 01 13 final
This document discusses the large potential for energy efficiency globally and identifies barriers that have prevented greater investment and implementation. It argues that massively scaling up energy efficiency requires expanding demand, supply, and finance for efficiency projects and services. New business models and technologies are needed to attract institutional investors and overcome issues like small project sizes and split incentives between parties. With the right approaches, energy efficiency could produce major emissions reductions and economic returns.
GLTE San Francisco November 2011
1. There is large untapped potential for improving energy efficiency globally through investments that have average returns of 17% and could halve projected growth in energy demand.
2. However, many barriers currently prevent these efficiency opportunities from being realized at scale, including low prioritization, split incentives between parties, and lack of appropriate business models that can attract large institutional investors.
3. Two emerging business models, Managed Energy Service Agreements and transaction vehicles, aim to overcome these barriers by structuring large projects that allow institutional investors to invest significant capital at scale.
ACEEE presentation May 2012
The document summarizes recent UK developments in energy efficiency financing. It outlines the Green Deal program which uses private financing to fund home energy efficiency upgrades that are paid back via utility bills. It also discusses the Green Investment Bank which provides funding to address market failures in areas like offshore wind, waste, and non-domestic energy efficiency. Finally, it notes growing interest from both public and private sectors in financing energy efficiency retrofits but also confusion in the market around energy service companies and energy performance contracts.
Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR)-2023.pptx
Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR-2023).
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This document outlines the agenda for an energy management webinar hosted by DEXMA. The webinar will include introductions from DEXMA, a 15 minute presentation from Dr. Steven Fawkes on the "11% Concept" regarding energy efficiency, a 10 minute presentation from Miguel Cruz on best practices for energy management in small and medium enterprises, and a 15 minute Q&A session. DEXMA will introduce their energy management software and services. The webinar aims to educate attendees on opportunities for improving energy efficiency and managing energy costs.
Innovations in energy efficiency projects, finance and markets
Presentation to Data Centre Dynamics conference November 2014. Gives context to global energy scene as well as information on ICP,
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The document summarizes efforts to accelerate investment in energy efficiency in Europe. It discusses how a lack of standardization has been a major barrier to large-scale energy efficiency financing. The Investor Confidence Project is working to address this by developing standardized energy efficiency protocols for projects in Europe. Widespread adoption of these protocols could help attract more institutional investment by reducing risks and transaction costs. The document also highlights some initiatives to build capacity for energy efficiency projects and programs among local authorities, developers, and financial institutions.
Financing Energy Productivity
The document discusses financing energy productivity improvements in the GCC countries. It notes that energy consumption and GDP growth are still closely linked in the GCC, and significant capital investments will be required to transition to higher energy productivity. It outlines four types of investments that can improve energy productivity: retrofits solely focused on efficiency; new buildings/facilities with above-average efficiency; investments shifting the economy toward less energy-intensive industries; and refurbishments including efficiency elements. It argues that maximizing efficiency investment requires specialized funds, growing ESCO markets, and standardizing processes, contracts, and measurement.
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This document discusses the need for standardization in the energy efficiency sector to increase investment. It outlines that a lack of standardization currently results in greater performance risk, uncertainty, higher transaction costs, and difficulties building capacity and aggregating projects. The document proposes an international framework called the International Credentialed Protocol (ICP) that would establish best practices, independent verification, and transparency to reduce owner and investor risk and costs. Projects that follow ICP standards would be considered "Investor Ready Energy Efficiency" and could access an investor network with over €4 billion for funding such qualified projects.
Making the demand side more investable 12 9 17-2
This document discusses the need to increase investment in energy efficiency to achieve climate goals and outlines approaches to make energy efficiency projects more investable. Standardization of project development and documentation through frameworks like Investor Confidence Project (ICP) can help reduce risks and transaction costs. Initiatives like ICP and DEEP aim to build capacity for underwriting energy efficiency projects and provide data on project performance. The EEFIG Underwriting Toolkit also assists financial institutions in evaluating energy efficiency investments and analyzing associated risks. Together, these efforts around standardization, data collection, and risk analysis can help scale up investment in demand side technologies like energy efficiency that will be crucial for future electricity systems.
DENEFF keynote - Assembling the jigsaw of energy efficiency financing. Steven...
The document discusses barriers to developing a robust energy efficiency financing market in Europe. It notes that while the potential benefits of energy efficiency are recognized, the market remains underdeveloped due to a lack of standardization, small project sizes, and few sources of financing. It argues that building capacity across the entire value chain, including the demand side, financial institutions, and supply side, is needed. Standardized tools and protocols for measurement and verification could help overcome barriers by streamlining transactions and enabling aggregation of projects. A healthy market would have standardized products, skills, tools for quantifying savings, and multiple sources of mainstream and large-scale financing.
Media Appearance Sky News
Steven Fawkes is a content creator who produces videos. His videos cover a wide range of topics from comedy sketches to product reviews. Fawkes uploads regularly to maintain an engaged audience on his channel.
Steven fawkes keynote smart building conference 15 10 13
Keynote presentation made at Smart Building Conference 2013 introducing the idea of the energy efficiency cool wall.
Ecosummit may 2013 long
- Energy efficiency has significant untapped potential to boost economies and reduce environmental impacts. The IEA's efficient world scenario shows potential savings of $18 trillion by 2035 through increased efficiency investments.
- Major opportunities for efficiency exist across sectors like buildings, transportation, and industry. For example, more efficient buildings could save over $1 trillion in energy costs over 10 years while creating millions of new jobs.
- Barriers to greater efficiency include upfront costs, lack of data and performance transparency, and misaligned incentives across the value chain. Overcoming these barriers could unlock a $0.7 trillion investment opportunity and 27% energy savings.
Energy Efficiency Financing and Off Balance Sheet Treatment
Energy efficiency financing structures such as energy performance contracts (EPCs) and energy services agreements (ESAs) have traditionally relied on off-balance sheet treatment to appeal to clients. However, upcoming changes to international accounting standards around lease accounting will likely require most financing structures to be recorded on company balance sheets. While the final accounting rules have not been implemented, operating leases will no longer provide off-balance sheet treatment. This has implications for how energy service companies structure projects and how clients perceive energy efficiency financing options. ESAs and managed energy service agreements (MESAs) may still allow for off-balance sheet treatment if carefully structured around services instead of assets, but public guidance is still needed.
UK EE Financing Schemes: An Update
The document provides an update on UK financing programs for energy efficiency, including the Green Deal and Energy Company Obligation (ECO) programs. It notes that while the Green Deal launched in January 2013, it is still in early stages with around 18,000 assessments completed so far. Potential issues with the Green Deal include ensuring sufficient demand and delivering expected energy savings. Local authority-led models and financing from the Green Investment Bank and other sources are helping support energy efficiency programs, but more investment is still needed to fully address the market potential.
Steven Fawkes IERC 9th may 2013
The document argues that energy efficiency is the most cost-effective way to meet energy needs and reduce carbon emissions. It provides evidence that energy efficiency has much lower costs per megawatt-hour than renewable sources like solar and wind. Energy efficiency also provides additional benefits to the energy system like avoided infrastructure costs, does not require subsidies to be competitive, and generates more jobs per investment than other energy options. The document concludes that decarbonizing energy through renewables alone is not plausible and that energy efficiency should be the top priority if we want to meaningfully address energy and climate challenges cost-effectively.
Fawkes Steven ACEEE conference May 2013
The document provides an update on UK financing programs for energy efficiency (EE), including the Green Deal and Energy Company Obligation (ECO). Key points include:
- The Green Deal is gaining momentum with over 18,000 assessments completed, but faces potential issues around low conversion rates and achieving estimated savings.
- Local authority-led models are promising, with over £100 million committed across various UK cities.
- The Green Investment Bank has allocated over £100 million to non-domestic EE funds, but deals are still in the early stages.
- Additional initiatives include ESCOs in Peterborough and a £200 million corporate EE fund from the Royal Bank of Scotland.
Fawkes steven conference may 2013
The document provides an update on UK financing programs for energy efficiency (EE), including the Green Deal and Energy Company Obligation (ECO). Key points include:
- The Green Deal is gaining momentum with over 18,000 assessments completed, but faces potential issues around low conversion rates and achieving estimated savings.
- Local authority-led models are promising, with over £100 million committed across various UK cities.
- The Green Investment Bank has allocated over £100 million to non-domestic EE funds, but deals are still in the early stages.
- Additional initiatives include ESCOs in Peterborough and a £200 million corporate EE fund from the Royal Bank of Scotland.
Steven Fawkes IERC Cork 16 01 13 final
This document discusses the large potential for energy efficiency globally and identifies barriers that have prevented greater investment and implementation. It argues that massively scaling up energy efficiency requires expanding demand, supply, and finance for efficiency projects and services. New business models and technologies are needed to attract institutional investors and overcome issues like small project sizes and split incentives between parties. With the right approaches, energy efficiency could produce major emissions reductions and economic returns.
GLTE San Francisco November 2011
1. There is large untapped potential for improving energy efficiency globally through investments that have average returns of 17% and could halve projected growth in energy demand.
2. However, many barriers currently prevent these efficiency opportunities from being realized at scale, including low prioritization, split incentives between parties, and lack of appropriate business models that can attract large institutional investors.
3. Two emerging business models, Managed Energy Service Agreements and transaction vehicles, aim to overcome these barriers by structuring large projects that allow institutional investors to invest significant capital at scale.
ACEEE presentation May 2012
The document summarizes recent UK developments in energy efficiency financing. It outlines the Green Deal program which uses private financing to fund home energy efficiency upgrades that are paid back via utility bills. It also discusses the Green Investment Bank which provides funding to address market failures in areas like offshore wind, waste, and non-domestic energy efficiency. Finally, it notes growing interest from both public and private sectors in financing energy efficiency retrofits but also confusion in the market around energy service companies and energy performance contracts.
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Innovations in energy efficiency projects, finance and markets
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DENEFF keynote - Assembling the jigsaw of energy efficiency financing. Steven...
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Energy Efficiency Financing and Off Balance Sheet Treatment
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Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR)-2023.pptx
Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR-2023).
原版制作(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
学校原版(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
REPORT-PRESENTATION BY CHIEF SECRETARY, ANDAMAN NICOBAR ADMINISTRATION IN OA ...
Green Tribunal Andaman
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
Presentation made for the Webinar Series on Biomimicry for sustainability on 1st June 2024 organized by Green Building Council Sri Lanka
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
快速办理(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版西澳大学毕业证学历证书如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《西澳大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Presented by James Reed at "9th Landscape Sustainability Science Forum" on 11 May 2024
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
按照学校原版(UAL文凭证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证快速办理
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【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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