This article outlines several rights related to work including:
1) The right of all individuals to work and choose their employment
2) The right to just and favorable work conditions and protection from unemployment
3) The right to equal pay for equal work without discrimination
It also mentions rights to rest, reasonable working hours, and periodic paid holidays.
The United Nations declared the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 with the goal of protecting fundamental human rights and freedoms. It contains 30 articles that establish rights such as equality, security of person, freedom from slavery, and protections against torture. The Declaration had a significant impact in establishing international standards around basic human rights. National and international organizations now work to uphold these rights, such as the National Human Rights Commission of Nepal and Amnesty International.
This document discusses the relationship between religion and human rights. It begins by providing background on David Kirkham and his position at BYU Law School studying comparative law and international policy. It then examines various historical and philosophical influences on concepts of human rights, including classical antiquity, English common law, Puritan covenant theology, and Enlightenment rationalism. The document specifically references the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and analyzes several of its key articles protecting freedom of religion and standards of living. It also lists some other major international human rights treaties and conventions. Finally, it briefly mentions the historical role of missionaries in spreading religious and moral ideals that relate to modern understandings of human rights.
2012-05-02 ICLRS Discussion Series - Kirkham.pptUmeshVavaliya
This document discusses the relationship between religion and human rights. It begins by providing background on David Kirkham and his position at BYU Law School studying comparative law and international policy. It then examines various historical and philosophical influences on concepts of human rights, including classical antiquity, English common law, Puritan theology, and Enlightenment rationalism. The document references key human rights documents like the UDHR and analyzes certain rights around religion from these documents, such as freedom of religion and belief. It also briefly discusses other international human rights treaties and conventions.
2012-05-02 ICLRS Discussion Series - Kirkham.pptketan349068
This document discusses the relationship between religion and human rights. It begins by providing background on David Kirkham and his position at BYU Law School studying comparative law and international policy. It then examines various historical and philosophical influences on concepts of human rights, including classical antiquity, English common law, Puritan covenant theology, and Enlightenment rationalism. The document specifically references the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and analyzes several of its key articles protecting freedom of religion and standards of living. It also lists some other major international human rights treaties and conventions. Finally, it briefly mentions the historical role of missionaries in spreading religious and moral ideals that relate to modern understandings of human rights.
This document contains a declaration of human rights drafted by six individuals. It includes summaries and motivations for several important rights articles. Article 1 asserts that all humans are born free and equal in rights and dignity. Article 3 guarantees the right to life, liberty, and security. Article 7 ensures equal treatment before the law without discrimination. Additional articles address rights to presumption of innocence, freedom of movement, asylum from persecution, nationality, freedom of religion and expression, fair employment, rest and leisure. The drafters chose these rights as the most important for human life.
The document discusses the six fundamental rights provided by the Indian Constitution:
1) Right to equality - which includes equality before law, social equality, abolition of untouchability, and equality in public employment.
2) Right to freedom - including freedom of speech, movement, profession, and more.
3) Right against exploitation - protecting citizens from trafficking, forced labor, and child labor.
4) Right to freedom of religion - to hold beliefs and propagate religion.
5) Cultural and educational rights of minorities - rights to preserve culture and language and establish educational institutions.
6) Right to constitutional remedies - the right to approach the Supreme Court for violations of fundamental rights, through writs like habeas corpus.
The United Nations declared the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 with the goal of protecting fundamental human rights and freedoms. It contains 30 articles that establish rights such as equality, security of person, freedom from slavery, and protections against torture. The Declaration had a significant impact in establishing international standards around basic human rights. National and international organizations now work to uphold these rights, such as the National Human Rights Commission of Nepal and Amnesty International.
This document discusses the relationship between religion and human rights. It begins by providing background on David Kirkham and his position at BYU Law School studying comparative law and international policy. It then examines various historical and philosophical influences on concepts of human rights, including classical antiquity, English common law, Puritan covenant theology, and Enlightenment rationalism. The document specifically references the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and analyzes several of its key articles protecting freedom of religion and standards of living. It also lists some other major international human rights treaties and conventions. Finally, it briefly mentions the historical role of missionaries in spreading religious and moral ideals that relate to modern understandings of human rights.
2012-05-02 ICLRS Discussion Series - Kirkham.pptUmeshVavaliya
This document discusses the relationship between religion and human rights. It begins by providing background on David Kirkham and his position at BYU Law School studying comparative law and international policy. It then examines various historical and philosophical influences on concepts of human rights, including classical antiquity, English common law, Puritan theology, and Enlightenment rationalism. The document references key human rights documents like the UDHR and analyzes certain rights around religion from these documents, such as freedom of religion and belief. It also briefly discusses other international human rights treaties and conventions.
2012-05-02 ICLRS Discussion Series - Kirkham.pptketan349068
This document discusses the relationship between religion and human rights. It begins by providing background on David Kirkham and his position at BYU Law School studying comparative law and international policy. It then examines various historical and philosophical influences on concepts of human rights, including classical antiquity, English common law, Puritan covenant theology, and Enlightenment rationalism. The document specifically references the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and analyzes several of its key articles protecting freedom of religion and standards of living. It also lists some other major international human rights treaties and conventions. Finally, it briefly mentions the historical role of missionaries in spreading religious and moral ideals that relate to modern understandings of human rights.
This document contains a declaration of human rights drafted by six individuals. It includes summaries and motivations for several important rights articles. Article 1 asserts that all humans are born free and equal in rights and dignity. Article 3 guarantees the right to life, liberty, and security. Article 7 ensures equal treatment before the law without discrimination. Additional articles address rights to presumption of innocence, freedom of movement, asylum from persecution, nationality, freedom of religion and expression, fair employment, rest and leisure. The drafters chose these rights as the most important for human life.
The document discusses the six fundamental rights provided by the Indian Constitution:
1) Right to equality - which includes equality before law, social equality, abolition of untouchability, and equality in public employment.
2) Right to freedom - including freedom of speech, movement, profession, and more.
3) Right against exploitation - protecting citizens from trafficking, forced labor, and child labor.
4) Right to freedom of religion - to hold beliefs and propagate religion.
5) Cultural and educational rights of minorities - rights to preserve culture and language and establish educational institutions.
6) Right to constitutional remedies - the right to approach the Supreme Court for violations of fundamental rights, through writs like habeas corpus.
This document discusses the meaning and importance of rights. It defines rights as conditions granted by the state for public welfare. Rights can be positive or negative and every right corresponds to a duty. The document then classifies rights into moral rights and legal rights. Moral rights are based on ethics while legal rights are recognized and enforced by law. It provides examples of different types of legal rights like civil rights, political rights, and economic rights. It also discusses the fundamental rights granted by the Indian constitution like right to life, equality, freedom of speech and religion.
The document discusses human rights and student movements in India. It provides background on the historical development of human rights from ancient texts through British rule. Key human rights concepts discussed include fundamental rights in the Indian constitution, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and public interest litigation. Regarding student movements, it summarizes a recent protest at JNU around nationalist slogans that were deemed unlawful. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of protecting human rights and freedoms within the law.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone international document that establishes fundamental human rights that all people should universally enjoy. Drafted in 1948 by representatives from different countries and cultures, it was adopted by the UN General Assembly and has since inspired many other human rights laws and treaties. The UDHR sets out basic civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights that all human beings should have as a common standard across borders.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone international document that establishes fundamental human rights that all people should universally enjoy. Drafted in 1948 by representatives from different countries and cultures, it was adopted by the UN General Assembly and has since been translated into over 500 languages. The UDHR set an important precedent as the basis for more than seventy international human rights treaties and is widely recognized for its role in defining and promoting universal human rights globally and regionally.
The Universal Declaration Of Human RightsKeith Carson
The document is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948. It contains a preamble describing the need to protect fundamental human rights and freedoms. The declaration then lists 30 articles that establish basic civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights that all human beings should enjoy. These include rights to life, liberty, security, privacy, nationality, marriage and family, property, religion, opinion, expression, work and education. The declaration aims to set a common standard for all nations to promote and protect human rights.
Fundamental Rights @ (mnusratgulbarga@gmail.com)nusratg1
The Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State. These sections comprise a constitutional bill of rights for government policy-making and the behaviour and conduct of citizens. These sections are considered vital elements of the constitution, which was developed between 1947 and 1949 by the Constituent Assembly of India.
The document summarizes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. It outlines 30 articles that establish fundamental human rights that all people should universally enjoy including the rights to life, liberty, security, privacy, ownership of property, freedom of speech and religion, equal treatment, fair trial, social security, and more. The declaration was drafted over two years and structured like a Greek temple with a preamble, foundational principles, and columns of rights grouped into categories.
The document outlines the key principles and 30 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It was drafted in 1948 by representatives from around the world and set out fundamental human rights that should be universally protected, including the right to life, liberty, equality, privacy, and freedom of movement. It expressed the view that recognition of inherent human dignity and equal rights is necessary for freedom, justice, and peace.
This document provides an overview of spiritual and faith traditions as resources for peace. It discusses how major world religions promote core peaceful values like nonviolence, compassion, justice, and respect for human dignity. These shared teachings can be leveraged to reduce conflicts that are often rooted in social, political or economic disputes rather than religious differences. The document then focuses on the principle of upholding human dignity, exploring its meaning and enshrinement in religious beliefs as well as international law like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The document is a summary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights presented by Bikash Dangaura of Pokhara University. It provides an introduction to the UDHR including that it was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948 and contains 30 articles. It then summarizes the key points of several important articles in the declaration, including articles addressing right to life, prohibition of slavery, right to liberty, security, fair trial, privacy, freedom of movement, asylum, nationality, marriage/family, religion, opinion/expression, work, social security, education, and participation in community/science.
This document provides an overview of key aspects of constitutional law in India, including:
- The preamble and its evolution over time to include terms like "socialist", "secular", and language about national unity and integrity.
- Fundamental rights like equality, life and liberty, freedom of religion, and constitutional remedies.
- Key articles that outline rights to equality, freedom of speech, expression and religion, and abolition of untouchability and titles.
- Judicial interpretations that have expanded the scope of freedom of speech to include press freedom, commercial speech, right to information and broadcast.
The document discusses the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948. It contains 30 articles that outline fundamental human rights to be universally protected such as the right to life, liberty, security, equal treatment, and freedom from discrimination. The Declaration recognizes the inherent dignity and equal rights of all human beings as the foundation for justice and peace in the world.
International covenant on civil and political rightsSurakshya Poudel
The document summarizes the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). It describes the ICCPR as a multilateral treaty adopted by the UN in 1966 that recognizes inherent human dignity and promotes civil/political rights. The ICCPR has 173 parties and is monitored by the 18-member Human Rights Committee. It contains rights like freedom of speech, religion, privacy, fair trials, and more. States must submit reports on compliance, and individuals can submit complaints through optional protocols.
1) The document proposes an International Bill of Rights that would establish fundamental human rights for all people.
2) These rights would include freedom of speech, education, health care, religion, equal treatment, privacy, due process, and more.
3) An International Court of Human Rights would be created to adjudicate violations of these rights and enforce decisions through domestic courts.
The document discusses children's rights in the Indian Constitution. It explains that children are right holders and the State has obligations to ensure children's rights are realized. The Constitution contains both Fundamental Rights that apply to all citizens including children, as well as special provisions for children. It protects children's rights to equality, life, freedom, dignity, and prohibits their exploitation. The document outlines rights for children in areas like education, health, and protection from abuse and highlights how these rights have been further strengthened through laws and policies.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights establishes fundamental human rights to be universally protected. It proclaims that recognition of inherent human dignity and equal, inalienable rights is essential for freedom, justice and peace. The declaration establishes 30 articles outlining civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the rights to life, liberty, security, equal treatment, nationality, fair trial, privacy, freedom of movement, asylum, marriage and family, religion, opinion and expression, work and education. It calls on all nations and peoples to promote and protect these rights.
The International Bill of Rights is going to change the world. Its a way to spread Human Rights across the world. Every person should have rights and this is a way to help enforce these rights everywhere.
The document summarizes and compares the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). It notes that the UDHR, adopted in 1948, was the first international document to outline fundamental human rights to be universally protected, including civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. The ICCPR, adopted in 1966, builds upon the UDHR and legally binds state parties to protect civil and political rights. While both documents protect many similar rights, the ICCPR is more legally binding on state parties compared to the non-binding UDHR. The summary concludes that both documents are essential for outlining and enforcing basic human rights globally.
This document discusses the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and provisions related to human rights in India. It provides details on the Universal Declaration, including that it was adopted by the UN in 1948 in response to World War II atrocities. It outlines the 30 articles of the declaration covering personal rights, civil rights, and economic and social rights. The document also summarizes provisions of the Indian constitution, the role of national and state human rights commissions in India, and their powers to investigate human rights violations.
DRAFTING COURT LEGAL DOCUMENTS FOR ARAB LAWYERS AND LAW SCHOOL STUDENTSezzeldin bassyouni
This document discusses avoiding compound constructions in legal writing. It provides examples of common compound prepositions and conjunctions that can be replaced with simpler one- or two-word alternatives, such as "by" instead of "by means of" and "if" instead of "in the event that". Readers are advised to replace noun sandwiches like preposition-noun-preposition with clearer single words and identify other wordy phrases legal documents. Sample sentences are rewritten to demonstrate stripping out unnecessary compound terms.
This document provides a summary of the first 11 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Article 1 establishes that all humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
Article 2 entitles everyone to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the Declaration, without distinction of any kind.
Article 3 establishes that everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
The subsequent articles prohibit slavery, torture, arbitrary arrest, and establish rights to an effective remedy, a fair trial, and the presumption of innocence.
The document analyzes the key principles and regulations established in each of the first 11 articles of the UDHR.
This document discusses the meaning and importance of rights. It defines rights as conditions granted by the state for public welfare. Rights can be positive or negative and every right corresponds to a duty. The document then classifies rights into moral rights and legal rights. Moral rights are based on ethics while legal rights are recognized and enforced by law. It provides examples of different types of legal rights like civil rights, political rights, and economic rights. It also discusses the fundamental rights granted by the Indian constitution like right to life, equality, freedom of speech and religion.
The document discusses human rights and student movements in India. It provides background on the historical development of human rights from ancient texts through British rule. Key human rights concepts discussed include fundamental rights in the Indian constitution, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and public interest litigation. Regarding student movements, it summarizes a recent protest at JNU around nationalist slogans that were deemed unlawful. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of protecting human rights and freedoms within the law.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone international document that establishes fundamental human rights that all people should universally enjoy. Drafted in 1948 by representatives from different countries and cultures, it was adopted by the UN General Assembly and has since inspired many other human rights laws and treaties. The UDHR sets out basic civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights that all human beings should have as a common standard across borders.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone international document that establishes fundamental human rights that all people should universally enjoy. Drafted in 1948 by representatives from different countries and cultures, it was adopted by the UN General Assembly and has since been translated into over 500 languages. The UDHR set an important precedent as the basis for more than seventy international human rights treaties and is widely recognized for its role in defining and promoting universal human rights globally and regionally.
The Universal Declaration Of Human RightsKeith Carson
The document is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948. It contains a preamble describing the need to protect fundamental human rights and freedoms. The declaration then lists 30 articles that establish basic civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights that all human beings should enjoy. These include rights to life, liberty, security, privacy, nationality, marriage and family, property, religion, opinion, expression, work and education. The declaration aims to set a common standard for all nations to promote and protect human rights.
Fundamental Rights @ (mnusratgulbarga@gmail.com)nusratg1
The Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State. These sections comprise a constitutional bill of rights for government policy-making and the behaviour and conduct of citizens. These sections are considered vital elements of the constitution, which was developed between 1947 and 1949 by the Constituent Assembly of India.
The document summarizes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. It outlines 30 articles that establish fundamental human rights that all people should universally enjoy including the rights to life, liberty, security, privacy, ownership of property, freedom of speech and religion, equal treatment, fair trial, social security, and more. The declaration was drafted over two years and structured like a Greek temple with a preamble, foundational principles, and columns of rights grouped into categories.
The document outlines the key principles and 30 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It was drafted in 1948 by representatives from around the world and set out fundamental human rights that should be universally protected, including the right to life, liberty, equality, privacy, and freedom of movement. It expressed the view that recognition of inherent human dignity and equal rights is necessary for freedom, justice, and peace.
This document provides an overview of spiritual and faith traditions as resources for peace. It discusses how major world religions promote core peaceful values like nonviolence, compassion, justice, and respect for human dignity. These shared teachings can be leveraged to reduce conflicts that are often rooted in social, political or economic disputes rather than religious differences. The document then focuses on the principle of upholding human dignity, exploring its meaning and enshrinement in religious beliefs as well as international law like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The document is a summary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights presented by Bikash Dangaura of Pokhara University. It provides an introduction to the UDHR including that it was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948 and contains 30 articles. It then summarizes the key points of several important articles in the declaration, including articles addressing right to life, prohibition of slavery, right to liberty, security, fair trial, privacy, freedom of movement, asylum, nationality, marriage/family, religion, opinion/expression, work, social security, education, and participation in community/science.
This document provides an overview of key aspects of constitutional law in India, including:
- The preamble and its evolution over time to include terms like "socialist", "secular", and language about national unity and integrity.
- Fundamental rights like equality, life and liberty, freedom of religion, and constitutional remedies.
- Key articles that outline rights to equality, freedom of speech, expression and religion, and abolition of untouchability and titles.
- Judicial interpretations that have expanded the scope of freedom of speech to include press freedom, commercial speech, right to information and broadcast.
The document discusses the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948. It contains 30 articles that outline fundamental human rights to be universally protected such as the right to life, liberty, security, equal treatment, and freedom from discrimination. The Declaration recognizes the inherent dignity and equal rights of all human beings as the foundation for justice and peace in the world.
International covenant on civil and political rightsSurakshya Poudel
The document summarizes the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). It describes the ICCPR as a multilateral treaty adopted by the UN in 1966 that recognizes inherent human dignity and promotes civil/political rights. The ICCPR has 173 parties and is monitored by the 18-member Human Rights Committee. It contains rights like freedom of speech, religion, privacy, fair trials, and more. States must submit reports on compliance, and individuals can submit complaints through optional protocols.
1) The document proposes an International Bill of Rights that would establish fundamental human rights for all people.
2) These rights would include freedom of speech, education, health care, religion, equal treatment, privacy, due process, and more.
3) An International Court of Human Rights would be created to adjudicate violations of these rights and enforce decisions through domestic courts.
The document discusses children's rights in the Indian Constitution. It explains that children are right holders and the State has obligations to ensure children's rights are realized. The Constitution contains both Fundamental Rights that apply to all citizens including children, as well as special provisions for children. It protects children's rights to equality, life, freedom, dignity, and prohibits their exploitation. The document outlines rights for children in areas like education, health, and protection from abuse and highlights how these rights have been further strengthened through laws and policies.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights establishes fundamental human rights to be universally protected. It proclaims that recognition of inherent human dignity and equal, inalienable rights is essential for freedom, justice and peace. The declaration establishes 30 articles outlining civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the rights to life, liberty, security, equal treatment, nationality, fair trial, privacy, freedom of movement, asylum, marriage and family, religion, opinion and expression, work and education. It calls on all nations and peoples to promote and protect these rights.
The International Bill of Rights is going to change the world. Its a way to spread Human Rights across the world. Every person should have rights and this is a way to help enforce these rights everywhere.
The document summarizes and compares the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). It notes that the UDHR, adopted in 1948, was the first international document to outline fundamental human rights to be universally protected, including civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. The ICCPR, adopted in 1966, builds upon the UDHR and legally binds state parties to protect civil and political rights. While both documents protect many similar rights, the ICCPR is more legally binding on state parties compared to the non-binding UDHR. The summary concludes that both documents are essential for outlining and enforcing basic human rights globally.
This document discusses the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and provisions related to human rights in India. It provides details on the Universal Declaration, including that it was adopted by the UN in 1948 in response to World War II atrocities. It outlines the 30 articles of the declaration covering personal rights, civil rights, and economic and social rights. The document also summarizes provisions of the Indian constitution, the role of national and state human rights commissions in India, and their powers to investigate human rights violations.
Similar to حقوق إنجليزي لطلاب Human Rights 2.pptx (20)
DRAFTING COURT LEGAL DOCUMENTS FOR ARAB LAWYERS AND LAW SCHOOL STUDENTSezzeldin bassyouni
This document discusses avoiding compound constructions in legal writing. It provides examples of common compound prepositions and conjunctions that can be replaced with simpler one- or two-word alternatives, such as "by" instead of "by means of" and "if" instead of "in the event that". Readers are advised to replace noun sandwiches like preposition-noun-preposition with clearer single words and identify other wordy phrases legal documents. Sample sentences are rewritten to demonstrate stripping out unnecessary compound terms.
This document provides a summary of the first 11 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Article 1 establishes that all humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
Article 2 entitles everyone to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the Declaration, without distinction of any kind.
Article 3 establishes that everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
The subsequent articles prohibit slavery, torture, arbitrary arrest, and establish rights to an effective remedy, a fair trial, and the presumption of innocence.
The document analyzes the key principles and regulations established in each of the first 11 articles of the UDHR.
This document provides guidance on writing in plain English for legal contexts. It emphasizes using everyday words and short sentences with the active voice. Glue words like articles and conjunctions are necessary but should not comprise too high a proportion of the total words. The document offers examples of rewriting wordy sentences to be tighter and clearer by omitting unnecessary phrases and reducing the number of glue words. The revised sentences convey the same meaning using fewer words.
The document discusses the rights of the accused under the US Constitution. It summarizes the key rights guaranteed by the 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, and 14th Amendments, including the rights to due process, a speedy trial, confrontation of witnesses, protection from unlawful search and seizure, protection from self-incrimination, and equal protection under the law. These rights place restrictions on government power and guarantee a fair legal process for criminal defendants.
The document provides tips on how to draft a strong contract, including keeping it simple, spelling out all details, including conflict resolution procedures, using shall to indicate a legal requirement, avoiding unnecessary legalese, developing an outline to prevent omissions, being concise, simplifying language, using active voice and base verbs rather than nouns, ensuring all parties can participate, and including consideration, terms, confidentiality clauses, termination clauses, and ensuring it follows applicable laws. Key elements of a valid contract are also listed.
This document provides an overview of intentional tort law. It defines intentional torts as civil wrongs resulting from intentional acts. The 8 main intentional torts are listed as battery, assault, false imprisonment, fraud, intentional infliction of emotional distress, defamation, invasion of privacy, trespass, and conversion. Elements of intentional torts are also discussed, with battery provided as an example requiring intent, an act, causation, and harmful/offensive contact. Defenses to intentional torts are mentioned, such as consent, self-defense, privilege, and proving the elements of the tort are not met.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in criminology and penology. It defines penology as the study of crime punishment and prison management. Criminology is defined as the scientific study of crime and efforts by society to control crime. The document outlines the differences between criminology and penology, and describes the four types of penology. It also discusses the sciences involved in criminology and criminalistics.
This document provides information about witness statements, including:
- The four main types of witnesses are eyewitnesses, lay witnesses, expert witnesses, and character witnesses.
- Anyone over 18 with relevant knowledge and mental capacity can provide a witness statement.
- A witness statement is a type of written evidence that can help establish facts in an investigation.
- While a witness statement alone is not enough to convict, it can commit a witness to their version of events and help experts form opinions.
This document discusses the legal concept of mens rea, which refers to the mental state or intent required to commit a crime. It provides definitions of mens rea and notes that most legal systems require criminal intent for most crimes. The document also discusses different types of mens rea, exceptions for strict liability crimes, and related concepts like actus reus, transferred intent, and corporate liability.
This document discusses the concept of actus reus, which is the physical or external element of a crime. It explains that for a crime to occur there must be both an actus reus (physical act) and mens rea (guilty mind). The act must be voluntary - it cannot be something involuntary like sleepwalking. Examples of actus reus include taking property for theft or unlawfully killing for murder. Mere thoughts or status are not enough to constitute an actus reus. Omissions can also qualify as an actus reus if there is a legal duty to act. Possession requires knowing control over an item. The act must also be the factual and proximate cause of the prohibited result for
Us court system 2 المرافعة امام المحاكم الامريكية الجزء الثانى ezzeldin bassyouni
The document discusses the US court system and civil procedure process. It describes the different types of courts and jurisdictions. The civil procedure process includes pleadings where the plaintiff files a complaint and the defendant files an answer. It then discusses the discovery process where evidence is gathered through depositions, interrogatories, requests for documents and admissions. Motions are filed requesting court orders. If not settled, the case proceeds to a trial where both sides present evidence before a jury which deliberates and issues a verdict that the judge forms into a judgment. The losing party can appeal the judgment.
This document discusses the concept of mens rea, which refers to the mental state or intent required for a crime. It notes that mens rea is the mental part of a crime, while the physical part is known as actus reus. There are different levels of mens rea, including general intent, specific intent, knowledge, recklessness, and criminal negligence. Strict liability crimes are also discussed, which do not require proof of mens rea. Various examples are provided to illustrate concepts like transferred intent, vicarious liability, and different levels of mens rea for the crimes of murder, manslaughter, and negligent homicide.
The discovery phase of a trial allows both parties to access all relevant information and evidence from the opposing party. During discovery, parties can obtain documents, reports, testimony, and other evidence through interrogatories, requests for production of documents, depositions, and other methods. If a party fails to comply with discovery requests, they may face sanctions from the court like dismissal of their case or default judgment against them. The overall goal of discovery is to avoid surprises at trial and better prepare each side.
This document contains information about different types of evidence that can be presented in US courts. It discusses direct evidence versus circumstantial evidence, as well as different categories of evidence like real evidence, documentary evidence, testimonial evidence, and digital evidence. It provides examples of different types of physical evidence, circumstantial evidence, and discusses how evidence must meet standards like being admissible, authentic, and reliable to be presented in court.
This document discusses interrogatories, which are written questions sent by one party to another in a civil case that must be answered under oath. Interrogatories are part of the discovery process and are used to gather preliminary information before trial. The recipient has 30 days to provide full and complete answers to each interrogatory or object to specific questions. Failure to respond can result in a motion to compel being filed. While interrogatories provide a low-cost way to obtain information, depositions allow for more spontaneous questioning and follow-up.
Pleadings and motions العريضة والطلبات امام المحاكم الامريكية ezzeldin bassyouni
Pleadings and motions are formal written statements filed with the court that inform all parties of the claims and requests being made. There are seven types of pleadings allowed under federal rules, including complaints, answers to complaints, and replies to answers. Pleadings can be categorized as either notice pleadings, which provide allegations to give notice of the lawsuit, or fact pleadings, which provide specific facts. Motions are formal requests made to the judge, such as motions to dismiss a case or motions for temporary restraining orders.
A deed is a written legal document that transfers ownership of real property. The most common types of deeds are general warranty deeds, limited warranty deeds, and quitclaim deeds. A general warranty deed provides the strongest assurance of clear title, as the seller warrants that there are no defects or liens on the property and agrees to compensate the buyer if any claims arise. General warranty deeds are most commonly used due to the protections they provide buyers.
This document discusses strategies for using photos in the classroom. It suggests letting students figure things out on their own and construct their own understanding from photos rather than being directly taught. The document also provides contact information for Ezzeldin Bassyouni, including an email address and phone number.
Defending Weapons Offence Charges: Role of Mississauga Criminal Defence LawyersHarpreetSaini48
Discover how Mississauga criminal defence lawyers defend clients facing weapon offence charges with expert legal guidance and courtroom representation.
To know more visit: https://www.saini-law.com/
What are the common challenges faced by women lawyers working in the legal pr...lawyersonia
The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
This document briefly explains the June compliance calendar 2024 with income tax returns, PF, ESI, and important due dates, forms to be filled out, periods, and who should file them?.
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordinary And Special Businesses And Ordinary And Special Resolutions with Companies (Postal Ballot) Regulations, 2018
Matthew Professional CV experienced Government LiaisonMattGardner52
As an experienced Government Liaison, I have demonstrated expertise in Corporate Governance. My skill set includes senior-level management in Contract Management, Legal Support, and Diplomatic Relations. I have also gained proficiency as a Corporate Liaison, utilizing my strong background in accounting, finance, and legal, with a Bachelor's degree (B.A.) from California State University. My Administrative Skills further strengthen my ability to contribute to the growth and success of any organization.
2. Article 16
Men and women of full age, without any
limitation due to race, nationality or religion,
have the right to marry and to found a family.
They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage,
during marriage and at its dissolution.
المادة
16
بسبب قيد أي دون ،البلوغ سن بلوغهم عند ،والنساء للرجال
أسرة وتأسيس الزواج في الحق ،الدين أو الجنسية أو العرق
.
فسخه وعند الزواج وأثناء الزواج عند متساوية حقوق ولهما
3. This article regulate some legal rulings
concerning the family after determining the
right of establishing a family by the right of
marriage for all individuals and elimination of
all limitations of religion and racial
discrimination ,it stipulates the quality
principle in rights among its both parties
weather when arranging it or nullifying it this
article stipulate the necessity of stipulating the
necessary legislations in all the national laws
through the different countries and the civil
society together
4. Article 17
Everyone has the right to own property alone
as well as in association with others. No one
shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
لكل
مع باالشتراك أو بمفرده التملك في الحق شخص
آخرين
وال
تعسفا ملكيته من أحد حرمان يجوز
.
5. This articles determines an individual’s right in
property weather alone or in associations with
others ,it prohibits the abolishing or confiscation of
an individual’s property unjustly ,hence it is noted
that some member countries in the united nations
that approved and signed the declaration that
includes this articles were among the countries
adopting the extremist communism discipline that
do not believe in the individual property within its
internal rulings and its internal system does not
permit its existence.
6. Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought,
conscience and religion; this right includes
freedom to change his religion or belief, and
freedom, either alone or in community with
others and in public or private, to manifest his
religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship
and observance.
الحق هذا ويشمل والدين؛ والضمير الفكر حرية في الحق فرد لكل
أو دينه إظهار في وحريته ،معتقده أو دينه تغيير في حريته
سواء ،الشعائر وإقامة والعبادة والممارسة بالتدريس معتقده
حدة على أو المأل وأمام جماعة مع أو بمفرده
7. This article stipulates the individual right in the Following:
Freedom of thought Freedom of all limitations of any sort b)
Religious freedom which includes the following. 1- choice of
religion or belief 2- Right of Changing religion or belief at
any time without any prosecution or penalty. 3. Freedom of
an individual to practice. The rituals or his own Worshiped
or religion in publicly. 4- Freedom of an individual in
studying issues of his own religion or in association with
others. 5- Freedom of discussing matters related to religious
believe, and observance of its issues. 6-this article related to
religious freedom is among the declaration articles and is
consider the most important one as the religious dispute
among individual is responsible for most wars and disputes
among Countries.
8. Article 19
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion
and expression; this right includes freedom to
hold opinions without interference and to seek,
receive and impart information and ideas
through any media and regardless of frontiers
المادة
19
الحق هذا ويشمل والتعبير؛ الرأي حرية في الحق فرد لكل
واألفكار األنباء واستقاء ،تدخل أي دون اآلراء اعتناق حرية
اعتبار ودونما وسيلة بأية وإذاعتها وتلقيها
للحدود
.
9. This article determines,
a) the right of an individual of freedom of opinion
and Expression, the night to express one's opinion of
any kind and express it and hold it or the rest of his
views without any interference of others of different
opinions and regardless of political frontiers
b) the night of an individual to receive Information
and ideas which he desires and seeks through all Means
and without any hindrance due to political boarder and
international entities (the universality of ideas)
c) this article was and still in conflict with actual
practical application due to the economic interests or
political security requirements.
10. Article 20
Everyone has the right to freedom of
peaceful assembly and association.
No one may be compelled to belong
to an association.
مادة
20
السلمي التجمع حرية في الحق شخص لكل
وتكوين
الجمعيات
على شخص أي إجبار يجوز وال
جمعية إلى االنضمام
11. This article determines the Complete right of
an individual to join or belong to a group or
party of any nature objective and of any field
of activity. This article determines man's
freedom and right in not joining for instance
the states organizations and parties as happing
in some dictatorial system, this article
Completes what was raised before of the
determination of an Individual freedom of
though and opinion.
12. It is noted that this article in turn is
Considerably ineffective in most of the Third
World Countries for example in Egypt, no
group of individual Can form a party or an
association except after referring to the
Concerned States authorities and legally
regulated and stipulated, in addition a group
of individuals whose number exceeds ten
Cannot hold a meeting except after obtaining
permission in advance and an approval from
the security authorities.
13. Article 21
Everyone has the right to take part in the
government of his country, directly or
through freely chosen representatives.
Everyone has the right of equal access to
public service in his country.
ا
لمادة
21
مباشرة ،بالده حكومة في المشاركة في الحق فرد لكل
بحرية اختيارهم يتم ممثلين خالل من أو
.
الحق فرد لكل
المساواة قدم على بالده في العامة الوظائف تقلد في
.
14. This article regulates the authority and rule in
different countries and is concerned with the
regulation of political life through respecting
the following ruling :Determine every
individual's right in ruling his Country either
directly or indirectly through his elected
representatives in a free right elections or
through any other method, honestly express
ing the Well of individuals concerning this right
is Considerably ineffective in many of the third
15. world countries whose people suffer
prosecution Counterfeiting of well and absence
of participation in ruling of countries. b) The
individual's right in working in public Service
fields in his country on equal stander with
other citizen! This right requires the availability
of work opportunities for all Citizens So as to
allow for freedom of choice and this is matter
its greatly doubt its mere existence in the Third
world which suffers un employment.
16. Stipulation that the government and
authority of a country are a frank open
expression of the well of their nations,
this requires the availability of liberal
democratic honorable elections
Conducted through following specific
procedures that leads to achieving
equality and equal opportunities among
individuals parties and Communities or
through real elections expressing the will
of voters.
17. These are rules which remain for a
half a century of trial manifestation
the Expectations of the third world
nations suffering the chains of tyrant
governments. These government do
not believe in any of the rulings
adapted by the ancients for ages in
Athens and which the world followed
since old date.
18. Article 22
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to
social security and is entitled to realization, through
national effort and international co-operation and in
accordance with the organization and resources of
each State, of the economic, social and cultural
rights indispensable for his dignity and the free
development of his personality.
،االجتماعي الضمان في الحق ،المجتمع في عضوا باعتباره ،فرد لكل
التي والثقافية واالجتماعية االقتصادية الحقوق تحقيق في الحق وله
الدولي والتعاون الوطني الجهد خالل من ،اإلنسان لحياة عنها غنى ال
دولة كل تنظيم مع يتفق وبما
ومواردها
.
اجل من
الحر والتطور كرامته
لشخصيته
19. The determination of every individual in
society in social security or guarantee as a
required economic and social right for his
dignity and person. In addition the article
determines the necessity of an international
co-operation next to the domestic national
organization in order to provide the resources
for this right
20. Article 23
Everyone has the right to work, to free
choice of employment, to just and
favorable conditions of work and to
protection against unemployment.
Everyone, without any discrimination, has
the right to equal pay for equal work.
وفي ،اختياره حرية وفي ،العمل في الحق شخص لكل
البطالة من الحماية وفي ،ومواتية عادلة عمل ظروف
.
أجر على الحصول في الحق ،تمييز أي دون ،فرد لكل
المتساوي العمل مقابل متساو
.
21. Everyone who works has the right to Just and
favorable remuneration ensuring for himself and
his family an existence worthy of human dignity
and supplemented if necessary by other means of
social protection.. Everyone has the right to form
and join Trade Unions for the protections of his
interests this article is related to the right of labor
and organization through a group of necessary
fundamentals that should be followed
(a) Determination of an individual right to Work.
22. (b) Determination of individual to
choose his Work, individual's right to
be protected against unemployment
c) The necessity of proving the
appropriate work Conditions the right
to of an individual to obtain a salary
equivalent to his effort)
d) The necessity of providing Justice
in wages among individuals
23. e) The necessity of providing
means of social protection for the
employed individuals in order to
maintain their human dignity an -
and providing an honorable life
for him and his family.
24. Article 24
Everyone has the right to rest and
leisure, including reasonable
limitation of working hours and
periodic holidays with pay.
في بما ،الفراغ وأوقات الراحة في الحق فرد لكل
على والحصول العمل لساعات معقول تحديد ذلك
األجر مدفوعة دورية إجازات
.
25. this article deals with a group of rights
concerned with the humanity and
dignity of a person through
determining the number of reasonable
work hours while permitting vacations
and paid periodical, holidays so that
the individual has leisure times Which
he could spent resting or any Other
purposes that provides him with the joy
of life.
26. Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights covers a wide range of rights, including those
to adequate food, water, sanitation, clothing,
housing and medical care, as well as social
protection covering situations beyond one's control,
such as disability, widowhood, unemployment and
old age or other lack circumstances of life hood in
the beyond his control
المادة تغطي
25
واسعة مجموعة اإلنسان لحقوق العالمي اإلعالن من
الغذاء من يكفي ما على الحصول في الحق ذلك في بما ،الحقوق من
فضال ،الطبية والرعاية والمسكن والملبس الصحي والصرف والماء
سيطرة عن الخارجة الحاالت تغطي التي االجتماعية الحماية عن
والشيخوخة البطالة ،والترمل اإلعاقة مثل ،الفرد
.
27. Article 25 every one has the right to a standard of
living adequate for the health and well! being of
himself and of his family including food clothing
housing and Medical Care and necessary socials
services, and the right to security in the event of
unemployment ,sickness disability widowhood
old age, this article dealt with two groups of
Rulings (a) the first group determination every
,individual in an appropriate level of living and
social security.
28. (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of
living adequate for the health and well-being
Of himself and of his family, including food,
clothing, housing and medical care and
necessary social services, and the right to
security in the event of unemployment,
sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or
other lack of livelihood in circumstances
beyond his control.
29. (2) Motherhood and childhood are
entitled to special care and
assistance. All children,
whether born in or out of
wedlock, shall enjoy the same
social protection.
31. Article 26
Everyone has the right to education. Education
shall be free, at least in the elementary and
fundamental stages. Elementary education shall
be compulsory. Technical and professional
education shall be made generally available and
higher education shall be equally accessible to all
on the basis of merit.
التعليم في الحق شخص لكل
.
على ،ًامجاني التعليم يكون أن يجب
واألساسية االبتدائية المرحلتين في األقل
.
االبت التعليم ويكون
دائي
إلزاميا
.
أن ويجب ،عام بشكل والمهني الفني التعليم إتاحة يجب
أساس على المساواة قدم على للجميع اًحمتا العالي التعليم يكون
الجدارة
.
32. Article 27
Everyone has the right to the protection
of the moral and material interests
resulting from any scientific, literary or
artistic production of which he is the
author.
المادة
27
والمادية المعنوية المصالح حماية في الحق فرد لكل
من فني أو أدبي أو علمي إنتاج أي عن الناجمة
صنعه
33. Article 28
Everyone is entitled to a social and
international order in which the rights
and freedoms set forth in this
Declaration can be fully realized.
المادة
28
يمكن ودولي اجتماعي بنظام التمتع حق فرد لكل
المنصوص والحريات الحقوق ظله في تتحقق أن
بالكامل اإلعالن هذا في عليها
.
34. Article 29
Everyone has duties to the
community in which alone the free
and full development of his
personality is possible.
المادة
29
وحده فيه الذي المجتمع تجاه واجبات فرد كل على
لشخصيته والكامل الحر النمو تحقيق يمكن
.
35. Article 30
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted
as implying for any State, group or person any
right to engage in any activity or to perform
any act aimed at the destruction of any of the
rights and freedoms set forth herein
المادة
30
ًاضمن يعني أنه على اإلعالن هذا في شيء أي تفسير يجوز ال
أي في المشاركة في حق أي شخص أو مجموعة أو دولة ألي
الحقوق من أي تدمير إلى يهدف عمل بأي القيام أو نشاط
اإلعالن هذا في عليها المنصوص والحريات
.