Physiology of human body systems.

1. H U M A N B O D Y
S Y S T E M S
Heidi Palomo
LVN Student

2. B O D Y
S Y S T E M S
• Our bodies are made up of 11
basic organ systems that manage
all the essential body functions.
• These systems, while
interdependent, can become out of
tune. When one is not functioning
properly, the others will attempt
to correct the problem.
• All the systems will work
together to try to create what is
known as homeostasis
• The 11 organ systems include the
integumentary system, skeletal
system, muscular system,
lymphatic system, respiratory
system, digestive system, nervous
system, endocrine system,
cardiovascular system, urinary
system, and reproductive systems.

3. N E U R O L O G I C A L
• This system is made up of two distinct parts:
the central nervous system (CNS) and the
peripheral nervous system.
• The central nervous system is made up of
the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral
nervous system is made up of all the nerves
that lead into and out of the CNS to other
parts of the body.
• The entire nervous system controls all the
other systems of the body, such as digestion
and cardiac rhythm, and responds to internal
and external changes, such as activating
muscles and breathing. It also transmits
information to the brain, such as pain and
external sensations.

4. C A R D I O VA S C U L A
R
• The heart, made of cardiac muscle,
pumps blood and blood vessels such
as arteries and veins, transport the
blood to every part of our body
providing organs and muscles with
nourishment.
• The blood carries oxygen, carbon
dioxide, nutrients, waste and more
• throughout the body.

5. R E S P I R AT O R Y
• This system maintains our breathing.
It supplies the body with oxygen for
cellular respiration by collecting
oxygen in the lungs and disposes of
carbon dioxide by breathing out the
waste product.
• It also provides our functions of
speech and smell.

6. G A S T R O I N T E S T I N
A L
• Beginning with our mouths,
this system is responsible
for the breaking down and
absorption of nutrients.
• The elimination of the
waste not utilized by the
body.
• It is responsible for
identifying which minerals,
vitamins, and other
essentials from the foods
we eat can be absorbed and
utilized or stored by the
body and which are to be
disposed of and carrying
out those functions.

7. G E N I T O U R I N A R Y
• This system is responsible for
eliminating waste products of
metabolism and other materials
from the body that are of no use.
• The system is also responsible
for maintaining the balanced
fluid volume in our bodies by
regulating the amount of water
that is excreted, maintaining the
concentrations of electrolytes,
and normal pH levels of the
blood.
• The reproductive system mainly
functions to create human life.
Ovaries produce female sex
hormones and eggs. Eggs are
fertilized in the fallopian tube
by sperm then travel to the
uterus, which provides the site
for growth.

8. M U S C U L O S K E L E T
A L
• The skeletal system supports and
protects the body’s internal
organs.
• The ribs protect the abdominal
organs, which are both vulnerable
to injury and dangerous to our
well being when injured.
• The skull protects our brain
which controls all functions of
our bodies and minds.
• The skeleton provides the
framework and shape to our
bodies. It also connects to our
major muscles to allow movement.
• Bones store minerals such as
calcium and create blood cells in
the soft bone tissue called
marrow

9. M U S C U L O S K E L E T
A L
• Cardiac muscles are found in
the heart and power the
actions that maintain blood
flow through our body
• Smooth, or involuntary
muscles are found in the
heart and organs, they
surround the internal organs
and are responsible for their
movement such as moving food
through the digestive tract
• Skeletal, or voluntary
muscles, are responsible for
carrying out the actions and
movements caused by messages
sent from our brains through
our nervous system

10. I N T E G U M E N TA R Y
• The integumentary system is the
largest organ of the body,
equaling 15-20% of our total body
mass.
• It acts as a barrier to physical,
chemical, and biological agents.
The skin prevents water loss and
regulates body temperature.
• It transmits the senses of touch,
pain, and pleasure and maintains
body temperature by secreting
sweat.
• The hair lubricates the scalp,
which secretes pheromones and
cools or warms our heads.
• The nails protect our fingers,
which are a major tool used for
protecting ourselves and
providing ourselves with food,
shelter, and sensations.

11. P S Y C H O S O C I A L
• The importance of being mentally,
emotionally, socially, and spiritually
sound was lost on medicine for a
long time.
• The thinking portion of psychosocial
health is known as mental health.
• Your beliefs and values in life, as well
as how you relate to others and
respond to situations in your life, are
a reflection of mental health, which
overlaps with the other aspect of
health we're going to talk about.

12. M A S L O W ’ S
H I E R A R C H Y O F
N E E D S

13. I M M U N E S Y S T E M
• The immune system consists of a vast
network of cells, organs, proteins, and
tissues throughout the body.
• A fully functional immune system can
distinguish healthy tissue from
unwanted substances. If it detects an
unwanted substance, it will mount an
immune response — a complex
attack to protect the body from
invaders. It also recognizes and
removes dead and faulty cells.

14. C O M P O N E N T S :
• White Blood cells (leukocytes)
• Spleen
• Bone marrow
• Lymphatic system
• Thymus
• the tonsils, adenoids, and appendix

15. LY M P H AT I C
S Y S T E M
• The lymphatic system forms a
network similar to the blood vessels.
It carries a substance called lymph
instead of blood.
• Lymph is a fluid that carries trusted
source immune-related cells to areas
that need them.
• White blood cells are constantly
looking for pathogens. When they
find one, they begin to multiply and
send signals to other cell types to do
the same.

16. I N N AT E S Y S T E M
• There are two subsystems within the immune
system, known as the innate (non-specific)
immune system and the adaptive (specific)
immune system. Both subsystems are closely
linked and work together whenever a germ
or harmful substance triggers an immune
response.
• The innate immune system provides a
general defense against harmful germs and
substances, so it’s also called the non-
specific immune system. It mostly fights
using immune cells such as natural killer cells
and phagocytes (“eating cells”). The main job
of the innate immune system is to fight
harmful substances and germs that enter the
body, for instance through the skin or
digestive system.

17. A D A P T I V E
S Y S T E M
• The adaptive (specific) immune
system makes antibodies and uses
them to specifically fight certain
germs that the body has previously
come into contact with. This is also
known as an “acquired” (learned) or
specific immune response.
• Because the adaptive immune system
is constantly learning and adapting,
the body can also fight bacteria or
viruses that change over time.