The document summarizes dyes used in traditional Rajasthani fabrics and modern synthetic dyes. In Rajasthan, natural dyes extracted from plants, flowers, and bark were traditionally used for tie-dye and block printing. Common natural dyes included lac, pomegranate, turmeric, and arjun. Bagru printing also uses natural dyes like lac, pomegranate, turmeric, and arjun. Modern dyes are typically synthetic and derived from coal or petroleum, including sulfur dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes, acid dyes, disperse dyes, and basic dyes used for different fabrics. Indigo is now synthesized commercially from coal or oil rather

1. Hues of Rajasthan
Dyes Used in Rajasthani Fabrics
A presentation by
Padmakshi Dutta

3. Clothes in
Rajasthan
Rajasthan is known for its
traditional, colorful art. The block
prints, tie and dye prints, Gota
Patti, Bagaru prints, Sanganer
prints, and Zari embroidery are
major export products from
Rajasthan. Rajasthani clothes have
a lot of mirror work and
embroidery.
Rajasthani dresses are usually
designed in bright colors like blue,
yellow, and orange.

4. Tie-and- dye
Traditionally, the colors used in
tie and dye were extracted from
plants, flowers, leaves and barks.
Today, clean and non-transferable
colors are used to make clothing
that is more fashionable, usable
and long lasting. In tie and dye,
natural fabrics are dyed in various
hues to create interesting
patterns.

5. Dyes Used in Tie Dye
Fiber
Reactive
Dyes

6. Dyes Used in Tie Dye
Fiber Reactive Dyes
1. Dye Fixer: It is a chemical called Sodium Carbonate(Na2CO3) or Soda
Ash(Anhydrous Na2CO3). It is the most essential chemical in our dyeing process,
because it causes the chemical reaction that makes these dyes become part of the
fabric.
2. Urea: Used in tie dyeing, or other direct application dyeing.Moisture is an
important component of the chemical reaction process with these dyes. Urea helps
draw moisture to the chemical reaction, helping the dye penetrate the fabric. Urea
also helps large amounts of dye dissolve in small amounts of water.

7. Dyes Used in Tie Dye
3. Ludigol:Ludigol is added to the dye to keep the dye from breaking down in
the water at higher. Ludigol keeps the dye fresher longer, and allows more dye
to react with the fabric, helping the colors to come out brighter.
4. Sodium Alginate: Used to thicken dye mixtures for hand painting and silk
screening.
5. Synthrapol Detergent: It is a very concentrated and sudsy detergent. It is
used to wash out loose dye after the fabric is dyed. Synthrapol helps keep
dyes from staining other areas of the fabric.

8. Bagru Print
Fabrics
Bagru printing is one of the
traditional techniques of printing
with natural colour followed by the
chippas of a remote place of
Rajasthan.Bagru is one of the few
places in India where natural,
plant-based dyes are still used.

9. Dyes Used in Bagru Printing
Lac
It is extracted from Laccifer (Lacca insects). It is used for dyeing of wool, silk and cotton fiber base
fabric. It gives reddish shades with tin mordant and purplish shades with copper mordant.
Pomegranate
The dye is extracted from its fruit rind. The shades obtained exhibit good fastness to washing rubbing and
light. It gives yellow colour shades. Its local name is Anar. Botanical name is Punica Granatum.
Turmeric
Tumeric the most popular spices of India, belongs to genus 'Curcuma' due to the presence of a yellow
pigment 'Curcumin' which imparts yellow colour to it. The chemical structure of 'curcumin' is methyl orange
and phenolphthalein are the chemicals used for acid-base titrations. It imparts a light yellow colour.
Arjun (White Murdah)
The dye is extracted from bark of the Arjuna tree.It yields Red /Pink shades with average fastness. . Botanical
name is Terminalia Arjuna.

10. Modern Dyes
Almost all dyes typically
used for clothing,
especially commercially-
made clothing, are
synthetic, not made from
natural sources. They are
made from chemicals
that ultimately derive
from either coal or
petroleum

11. Modern Dyes
Synthetic
Dyes

12. Modern Dyes
Synthetic dyes in general are often called
"aniline dyes", because they were, at first made from
aniline, but most dyes are no longer made from
aniline. They are, however, synthesized from other
chemicals derived from coal or petroleum, so the
ultimate source is the same. Most commercially dyed
cotton clothing is dyed with sulfur dyes, direct dyes,
or reactive dyes, while most wool and nylon clothing
is dyed with acid dyes. Polyester and acetate are
dyed with disperse dyes, and acrylic and modacrylic
are usually dyed with basic dyes.
Fig. Structure of Aniline

13. Modern Dyes
Indigo

14. Modern Dyes
Indigo, a very popular dye used for tie-dye, can be derived
from plants such as the indigo plant or woad—there are some fifty
species of plants around the world that produce this popular dye—but
in actual practice, these days, it is produced synthetically. There are
several different processes by which synthetic indigo may be made; in
the currently most used industrial method, by which the vast majority of
indigo is now made, it is manufactured from indoxyl, which is produced
by the fusion of sodium phenylglycinate in a mixture of caustic soda
and sodamide. The sodium phenylglycinate used in this reaction can be
made from aniline; aniline, in turn, is prepared commercially by the
catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene or by the action of ammonia on
chlorobenzene. The nitrobenzene is synthesized from benzene, which is
obtained from coal or petroleum. So, ultimately, indigo is made from
coal or petroleum. Plants are not used because synthesizing dye from
fossil fuels is less expensive.
Fig. Structure of Indoxyl

15. Thank You!
Made by- Padmakshi Dutta
Class 11
Roll no. 10