The document discusses the significance of HTML5 as a universal UI technology, detailing its functionalities and cross-browser compatibility challenges. It covers various HTML5 features such as semantic markup, input elements, CSS3 enhancements, multimedia support, and storage options, along with development tools like Modernizr and polyfills. The presentation emphasizes HTML5's future potential and the necessity for developers to utilize feature detection and polyfills to enhance user experience across different devices and browsers.

1. Maurice de Beijer

2. Agenda
 Why HTML5?
 How about different browsers?
 Different parts of HTML5
 Whatever you would like to see 

3. Who am I
 Maurice de Beijer.
 The Problem Solver.
 Microsoft CSD MVP.
 DevelopMentor instructor.
 Twitter: @mauricedb of @HTML5SupportNL
 Blog: http://msmvps.com/blogs/theproblemsolver/
 Web: http://www.HTML5Support.nl
 E-mail: mauricedb@computer.org

4. Why HTML5
 HTML is the most used UI technology
 But differences in browser implementation make it
hard to work with
 Companies need to support a wide range of devices
 Bring your own hardware
 Smartphones and tablets don’t support plugins
 Users want richer applications
 Animations
 Communication
 etc.

5. What works in which browser?
 CanIUse.com

6. Google analytics - Browser & OS
 553846 visits last month

7. Google analytics - IE

8. Modernizr
“Modernizr is an open-source JavaScript library
that helps you build the next generation of HTML5
and CSS3-powered websites.”
http://www.modernizr.com/

9. Polyfills
“A polyfill is a piece of code (or plugin) that
provides the technology that you, the developer,
expect the browser to provide natively.”

10. Google Chrome Frame
 Use Google Chrome inside of Internet Explorer
 Works with IE 6 and later
 Only activated for pages that explicitly request it
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="chrome=1">
 The meta tag is ignored if Chrome Frame isn´t
installed

11. HTML5 subjects
 Semantic markup
 Input elements
 CSS3
 Video & Audio
 Canvas & SGV
 Local storage
 Drag-Drop & File IO
 Geolocation
 Web Workers
 Offline Web applications
 Server Sent Events & WebSockets

12. Semantic markup
 The most commonly used CSS classes for <div>
elements
 <div class=“nav”>
 <div class=“section”>
 <div class=“header”>
 <div class=“footer”>
 <div class=“article”>
 <div class=“aside”>

13. Semantic markup
 Have become HTML5 elements
 <nav>
 <section>
 <header>
 <footer>
 <article>
 <aside>

14. Input elements
 Most data types are entered as plain text:
<input type="text" />
 The browser can provide additional help if it knows
the actual data type
 search
 url
 number
 datetime
 Etc.

15. Input elements
 Soft keyboards can auto adjust
 http://bit.ly/InputElements

16. CSS 3
 Rounded corners
.box {border-radius: 10px;}
 Drop shadows
.box {box-shadow: 10px 5px 5px grey;}
 Gradients
.box {background: linear-gradient(Yellow, Lime);}
 Multi column text
article {column-count: 3; }

17. CSS 3
 Media queries
@media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {
aside {
display: none;
}
}
 Transforms
.box:hover {transform: scale(1.2);}
 Transitions
.box {transition: transform 1s ease-in;}

18. Video & Audio
 HTML5 includes a <video> and <audio> element
 There is no standard encoding 
 OGV
 WEBM
 MP4
 Add multiple <source> elements
 The browser will use the first it supports
 See Wikipedia for browser support

19. Canvas
 A simple drawing surface
 Currently only a 2D context
 But 3D is in the works
 Uses drawing primitives
 Lines
 Rectangles
 Arcs
 Curves
 Images
 Paths

20. Canvas
 The entire API is JavaScript based
 There are no drawing markup elements
 Very powerful but tedious to work with
 Tooling support is limited
 Adobe® Illustrator® plugin
 Leonardo Sketch
 Used to create a HTML version of Angry Birds
 http://chrome.angrybirds.com/

21. Scallable Vector Graphics
 Use retained mode
 There is an object model we can manipulate
 The Canvas uses imediate mode
 Browser support is about the same as with Canvas
 Tooling support is much better

22. Scallable Vector Graphics
 Uses drawing shapes
 Lines
 Rectangle
 Circles
 Text
 Path
 Etc.
 Elements can be created using markup
 Or JavaScript when needed

23. When to use SVG versus Canvas
Canvas SVG
Pixel based (Dynamic .png) Shape based
Single HTML element Multiple graphical elements,
which become part of the DOM
Modified through script only Modified through script and CSS
Event model/user interaction is Event model/user interaction is
granular (x,y) abstracted (rect, path)
Performance is better with smaller Performance is better with smaller
surface, a larger number of objects number of objects (<10k), a larger
(>10k), or both surface, or both

24. Local storage - Web Storage
 Name – Value pair storage
 Storage is per site
 The standard recommends 5Mb storage space per site
 sessionStorage
 Valid for the duration of a browser session
 localStorage
 Valid for longer periods
 The value stored must be a string!
sessionStorage['data'] = JSON.stringify({ value: 1 });
data = JSON.parse(sessionStorage['data']);

25. Local storage - IndexedDB
 An object or NoSQL store in the database
 Only supported in Chrome en Firefox
 See demo
 There was a Web SQL Database
 It’s deprecated and replaced by the IndexedDB
 Still functional in Webkit browsers (iOS)
 Apple pushed this standard

26. Drag-Drop
 Move elements in the browser
 Drag files from the Windows Explorer to an HTML
element
 Events fire for
 dragstart
 dragenter
 dragover
 drop
 The argument contain a dataTransfer object

27. File IO
 File IO can be done using a FileReader object
 File can be read in different ways
 readAsArrayBuffer()
 readAsBinaryString()
 readAsDataURL()
 readAsText()
 Once the file content have been read the onload
event fires
 The result property contains the file contents

28. File IO
 Some file are to large to read in one action
 A Blob is a part of a file
 Use file.slice() to create a blob
 A FileReader object can work with a blob as if it is a
file

29. Geolocation
 Where is the user?
 For example to do a location based search
 Always requires the users consent
 Works both on desktop and mobile browsers
 Accuracy can vary widely
 Use the navigator object
 navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition()
 The options support enableHighAccuracy: true

30. Geolocation
 The resulting Position contains at least
 latitude
 longitude
 accuracy

31. Web Workers
 JavaScript execution time is limited by the browser
 Using a Worker() object JavaScript can be executed in
the background
 These scripts can execute for a long time

32. Web Workers
 Web Workers are limited in what they can do
 No interactions with the DOM
 They can do IO
 XMLHttpRequest
 FileReader
 importScripts()
 The Document can exchange messages with the worker
 postMessage()
 onmessage callback function is called
 All data is cloned
 Never passed by reference

33. Offline Web Applications
 A web application can load and execute without a
network connection
 The cache manifest determines what resources are
available offline
 The cached resources are always loaded from the cache
 The manifest is used to update the cache
 This is done after the page is loaded
 And only happens if the content of the cache is
changed

34. Offline Web Applications
 Manifest contains sections for:
 Cache (default)
 Network
 Fallback
 The manifest must be served with the correct mime type
 text/cache-manifest
 Otherwise it’s ignored

35. Server Sent Events
 Push communication from the Server to the browser
 Uses standard HTTP techniques to transfer data
 Everything is just HTTP traffic
 A formalization of long polling techniques
 Be careful with connection that remain open for to long
(30 seconds to max 2 minutes)

36. Server Sent Events
 EventSource object
 Functions:
 close()
 Events
 onmessage
 onopen
 onerror
 Also used when the connection is closed

37. WebSockets
 Full duplex communication between the browser and
the server
 No longer HTTP traffic
 Starts as an HTTP request
 The server upgrades to WS by returning a “101 Switching
Protocols” response
 Support is still limited
 Only Chrome and Firefox

38. WebSockets
 WebSocket object
 Functions:
 send() to transfer data
 Can also be binary data!
 close()
 Events
 onmessage
 onopen
 onclose
 onerror

39. Conclusion
 HTML 5 has a big future
 Its the only platform independent UI technology
 Even used for Windows 8 development
 Different browsers offer support for features
 Use feature detection to check what works
 Use polyfills in case of missing features
 No need to wait until it´s a standard
 Large parts are usable today