HSC economics 1st Paper chapter 2 MCQ

1. PRO WITH SWADHIN
wØZxq Aa¨vq
‡fv³v I Drcv`‡Ki AvPiY
¸iæZ¡c~Y© eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœDËi
1. ÔDc‡hvM n‡jv †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i H we‡kl ¸Y ev ÿgZv hv
gvby‡li Afve c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡iÓÑ †K e‡j‡Qb?
(K) gvk©vj (L) ‡givm©
(M) wjcwm (N) iweÝ
DËi: L
2. ‡gvU Dc‡hvM hLb Kg‡Z _v‡K ZLb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
n‡eÑ
(K) m‡e©v”P (L) me©wb¤œ
(M) k~b¨ (N) FYvZ¥K
DËi: N
3. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai c~Y©v½ e¨vL¨v K‡ib
†K?
(K) Gj iweÝ (L) gvk©vj
(M) wnK&m (N) G‡jb
DËi: L
4. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM †Kgb n‡e?
(K) m‡e©v”P n‡e (L) e„w× cv‡e
(M) n«vm cv‡e (N) k~b¨ n‡e
DËi: K
5. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai DbœZ iƒc †`b †Kvb
A_©bxwZwe`?
(K) M‡mb (L) jW© †KBÝ
(M) gvk©vj (N) Gj. iweÝ
DËi: M
6. mvaviYZ †Kvb ai †bi `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcK?
(K) cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ (L) wbK…ó `ªe¨
(M) RxebiÿvKvix `ªe¨ (N) wejvm `ªe¨
DËi: N
7. m¤úK©nxb `ª‡ei †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo
w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb n‡eÑ
(K) abvZ¥K (L) FYvZ¥K
(M) k~b¨ (N) Amxg
DËi: M
8. Pvwn`v wewai R¨vwgwZK cÖKvk‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) Pvwn`v m„wó (L) Pvwn`v A‡cÿK
(M) Pvwn`v †iLv (N) Pvwn`v mgxKiY
DËi: M
9. wb‡¤œi †Kvb `yBwU cwieZ©K `ªe¨?
(K) Pv I wPwb (L) Kvwj I Kjg
(M) Mvwo I †c‡Uªvj (N) Pv I Kwd
DËi: N
10. `ª‡ei wbR¯^ `vg e„wׇZ Pvwn`v K‡g hvIqv‡K e‡j
Pvwn`viÑ
(K) ms‡KvPb (L) cÖmviY
(M) n«vm (N) e„w×
DËi: K
11. wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwUi Xvj abvZ¥K?
(K) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx (L) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©`vgx
(M) f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj (N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
DËi: L
12. Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`vi †ÿ‡Î `vg A‡c·v Pvwn`vi
cwieZ©b Kx nv‡i N‡U?
(K) AwaK (L) Kg
(M) mgvb (N) k~b¨
DËi: L
13. Pvwn`v mxgKiY ‘Qd =  = P’ †Z  Kx?
(K) Xvj (L) PjK
(M) aªæeK (N) civwgwZ
DËi: K
14. ‡h †iLvi wewfbœ we›`y‡Z wbw`w©ó m¤ú` I PjwZ cÖhyw³
mv‡c‡ÿ `ywU weKí `ª‡e¨i m¤¢ve¨ mswgkÖY cÖKvk K‡i
Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) Pvwn`v †iLv (L) ‡hvMvb †iLv
(M) Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv (N) mg-Drcv`b †iLv
DËi: M
15. `ywU `ªe¨ ci¯úi cwic~iK n‡j Pvwn`v †iLv n‡eÑ
(K) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx (L) Wvew`‡K wb¤œMvgx

2. PRO WITH SWADHIN
(M) f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj (N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
DËi: L
16. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ wbf©ikxjZvi m¤úK©‡K
Kx e‡j?
(K) A‡f` (L) ‡jLwPÎ
(M) A‡cÿK (N) civwgwZ
DËi: M
17. wb‡Pi †Kvb cY¨wUi Pvwn`v Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK?
(K) ‡Uwjwfkb (L) Mvwo
(M) gvQ (N) jeY
DËi: N
18. wbK„ó `ª‡e¨i mv‡_ m¤úwK©ZÑ
(K) ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨ (L) wejvmRvZ `ªe¨
(M) wM‡db `ªe¨ (N) ‡fe‡jb `ªe¨
DËi: L
19. ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i †hvMvb e„w× cvq KLb?
(K) fZz©wK w`‡j (L) Ki e„w× Ki‡j
(M) `vg evvo‡j
(N) Drcv`b DciKi‡Yi `vg evo‡j
DËi: M
20. ‡hvMvb wewa Abyhvqx ÔAb¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©ZÕ ej‡Z
†evSvqÑ
(i) DcKi‡Yj `vg
(ii)‡fv³vi Avq
(iii) KvwiMwi Ávb
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii
(M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
DËi: L
21. Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w× NU‡e hw`Ñ
(i) Av‡qi cwieZ©b nq
(ii) `v‡gi cwieZ©b nq
(iii) iæwPi cwiPZ©b nq
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii
(M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
DËi: L
22. Pvwn`v wewa Kvh©Ki n‡e, hLbÑ
(i) `vg w¯’i _vK‡e
(ii) Avq w¯’i _vK‡e
(iii) ‡µZvi iæwP I Af¨vm w¯’i _vK‡e
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii
(M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
DËi: M
23.Pvwn`v wbf©i K‡i †fv³vi-
(i) AvKv•ÿv
(ii) Avw_©K mvg_©¨
(iii) A_© nv‡Z a‡i ivLvi B”Qvi Ici
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i (L) ii
(M) i I ii (N) i I iii
DËi: M
24. ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i Afve c~i‡Yi ÿgZv‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) Dc‡hvM (L) ‡fvM
(M) Drcv`b (N) m¤ú`
DËi: K
25. ÔDc‡hvM n‡jv †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i †mB we‡kl ¸Y ev ÿgZv
hv gvby‡li Afve c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ| msÁvwU cÖ`vb
K‡ibÑ
(K) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj (L) Aa¨vcK †gqvm©
(M) ‡R.Gg. †KBbm (N) wW. m¨vj‡fUi
DËi: L
26.`ª‡e¨i †Kvb welqwU gvby‡li Afve c~i‡Yi mv‡_ RwoZ?
(K) Dc‡hvM (L) Drcv`b
(M) wewbgq (N) ‡hvMvb
DËi: K
27. Dc‡hv‡Mi GKK †KvbwU?
(K) wjUvi (L) wgUvi
(M) MÖvg (N) BDwUj
DËi: N

3. PRO WITH SWADHIN
28.ÒDc‡hvM msL¨vq cwigvc‡hvM¨ÓÑ GB aviYvwU †K cÖ`vb
K‡ib?
(K) gvk©vj (L) ‡gqvm©
(M) Gj. iweÝ (N) Iqvjivm
DËi: K
29. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai cÖe³v †K?
(K) wnKm& (L) G‡jb
(M) gvk©vj (N) iweÝ
DËi: M
30.cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM †Kgb n‡e?
(K) e„w× cv‡e (L) n«vm cv‡e
(M) wm_i _vK‡e (N) µgvMZ e„w× cv‡e
DËi: L
31. ‡gvU Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvMÑ
(K) Kg‡Z _vK‡e (L) k~b¨ n‡e
(M) evo‡Z _vK‡e (N) w¯’i _vK‡e
DËi: L
32.‡Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM 5 BDwUj n‡j H `ª‡e¨i
†fv‡Mi cwieZ©b KZ n‡Z n‡e?
(K) 8 GKK (L) 3 GKK
(M) 2 GKK (N) 1 GKK
DËi: K
33.MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †hme ivwki gvb w¯’i _v‡K, Zv‡K Kx
e‡j?
(K) Aaxb PjK (L) aªæeK
(M) civwgwZ (N) ¯^vaxb PjK
DËi: L
34. Y = f(x), GLv‡b Y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
(K) ¯^vaxb PjK (L) aªæeK
(M) Aaxb PjK (N) A‡cÿK
DËi: M
35.j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj mij‡iLvi XvjÑ
(K) abvZ¥K (L) FYvZ¥K
(M) Amxg (N) k~b¨
DËi: M
36.`ªe¨wUi `vg 2 UvKv ‡_‡K 3 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`vi `vg
w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb KZ n‡e?
(K)
3
2
(L)
2
3
(M)
2
1
(N)
2
1
DËi: K
37. mij‡iLvi Xvj wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?
(K)
Aaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b
(L)
¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b
¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b Aaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b
(M)
Avbyf~wgK `~iZ¡
(L)
X Aÿ eivei cwieZ©b
j¤^ `~iZ¡ Y Aÿ eivei cwieZ©b
38.mgv‡R K‡ii †evSv †ewk n‡j `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`vÑ
(K) Kg‡e (L) evo‡e
(M) w¯’i _vK‡e (N) Amxg n‡e
DËi: K
39.Pvwn`v wewai MvwYwZK cÖKvk‡K e‡jÑ
(K) Pvwn`v m~wP (L) Pvwn`v mgxKiY
(M) Pvwn`v †iLv (N) e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v
DËi: K
40. hw` †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ nq Z‡e †gvU
Dc‡hvM-
(K) m‡e©v”P (L) me©wb¤œ
(M) k~b¨ (N) FYvZ¥K
DËi: K
41. Pv‡ii `vg cÖwZ ‡KwR 50 UvKv †_‡K †e‡o 55 UvKv
nIqv‡Z Pv‡ji Pvwn`v 8 †KwRi †_‡K K‡g 4 †KwR
nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ?
(K) 0 (L) 1
(M) 2.5 (N) 5
DËi: N
42. ‡µZv †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q, wbw`©ó `v‡g evRv‡i
mieivnK…Z †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i †h cwigvY µq Ki‡Z ivwR
_v‡K, Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) ‡hvMvb (L) Pvwn`v
(M) Dc‡hvM (N) Drcv`b

4. PRO WITH SWADHIN
DËi: L
43. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?
(K)
P
Dd
.
Qd
Qd
Ep

= (L)
P
Qd
.
P
Qd
Ep


=
(M)
Qd
P
.
Q
P
Ep


= (N)
Qd
P
.
P
Qd
Ep


=
DËi: N
44. cwic~iK `ª‡ei Pvwn`v †iLv Kxiƒc?
(K) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx (L) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
(M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj (N) f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
DËi: K
45. Pvwn`vi A_© KqwU?
(K) 2 (L) 3
(M) 4 (N) 5
DËi: L
46. GKwU `ª‡e¨i †fvM e„w× Ki‡Z hw` m¤úK©hy³ Aci
GKwU `ª‡e¨i †fvM e„w×i `iKvi nq, ZLb Zv‡`i †Kvb
`ªe¨ e‡j?
(K) cwieZ©K (L) cÖ‡qvRbxq
(M) m¤úK©nxb (N) cwic~iK
DËi: N
47. fvimvg¨ Ae¯’vq Pvwn`v w¯’i †_‡K †hvMvb evo‡j wb‡Pi
†KvbwU NU‡e?
(K) `v‡gi e„w× I Pvwn`vi n«vm
(L) `v‡gi n«vm I Pvwn`vi e„w×
(M) `v‡gi e„w× I Pvwn`vi e„w×
(N) `v‡gi n«vm I Pvwn`vi n«vm
DËi: L
48. `ª‡e¨i `vg I Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi g‡a¨ wµqvMZ
wbf©ikxjZvi MvwYwZK m¤úK©‡K e‡jÑ
(K) Pvwn`v A‡cÿK (L) Pvwn`v wewa
(M) `vg wewa (N) ‡hvMvb A‡cÿK
DËi: K
49. cwieZZ©K `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb?
(K) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx (L) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
(M) f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj (N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
DËi: K
50. Pvwn`v †iLvi mgxKiY = a = bp †Z ‘a’ n‡jvÑ
(K) aªæeK (L) civwgwZ
(M) ¯^vaxb PjK (N) Aaxb PjK
DËi: K
51. ‡gvU Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK D‡hvM n‡eÑ
(K) m‡e©v”P (L) me©wb¤œ
(M) abvZ¥K (N) k~b¨
DËi: N
52. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †hme ivwki gvb ARvbv _v‡K Zv‡K
Kx e‡j?
(K) PjK (L) aªæeK
(M) cwiwgZ (N) ¯^vaxb PjK
DËi: M
53.k~b¨ w¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ Kxiƒc?
(K) f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj (L) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
(M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj (N) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
DËi: M
54. X `ª‡e¨i `vg 10 UvKv †_‡K n«vm †c‡q 8 UvKv n‡j Y
`ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v 100 GKK †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 150 GKK
nq| X I Y ci¯úiÑ
(K) cwic~iK `ªe¨ (L) cwieZ©K `ªe¨
(M) m¤úK©nxb `ªe¨ (N) wejvmRvZ `ªe¨
DËi: K
55.mxgve× m¤ú‡`i †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj †Kgb n‡e?
(K) abvZ¥K (L) FYvZ¥K
(M) k~b¨ (N) Amxg
DËi: N
56.evRvi fvimv‡g¨i kZ© Kx?
(K) Pvwn`v = †hvMvb (L) Pvwn`v = `vg
(M) ‡hvMvb = `vg
(N) Pvwn`v =v `vg = †hvMvb
DËi: K
57. msL¨vMZ Dc‡hv‡Mi aviYv †K cÖ`vb K‡ib?
(K) wiKv‡Z©v (L) A¨vWvg w¯§_
(M) gvk©vj (N) wnK&m

5. PRO WITH SWADHIN
DËi: M
58.ch©vqMZ Dc‡hvM aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡ib †Kvb
A_©bxwZwe`?
(K) ‡R.Avi wnKm (L) gvk©vj
(M) Iqvjivm (N) ‡Rfb&m
DËi: K
59.e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g hLb `ª‡e¨i Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl Kiv nq,
ZLb Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) ‡fvM (L) mÂq
(M) wewb‡qvM (N) miKvwi e¨q
DËi: K
60.‡gvU Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kx n‡e?
(K) Kg‡Z _vK‡e (L) k~b¨ n‡e
(M) evo‡Z _vK‡e (N) w¯’i _vK‡e
DËi: L
61. 2wU Avg †fv‡Mi d‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM n‡jv 12 UvKv|f
3wU Avg †fv‡Mi d‡j hw` †gvU Dc‡hvM 15 UvKv nq
Zvn‡j †fv³vi cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KZ?
(K) 2 (L) 3
(M) 4 (N) 5
DËi: L
62.mgv‡R gh©v`v e„w× cvq †Kvb `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g?
(K) wM‡db `ªe¨ (L) ‡fe‡jb `ªe¨
(M) wbZ¨ `ªe¨ (N) cÖ‡qvRbxq n«vm-e„w×
DËi: N
63.¯^vaxb I ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ wbf©ikxj m¤ú‡K©i
MvwYwZK cÖKvk‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) A‡cÿK (L) Xvj
(M) civwgwZ (N) aªæeK
DËi: K
64. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq hv wKQzi gvb cwieZ©bkxj Zv n‡jvÑ
(K) PjK (L) aªæeK
(M) mnM (N) A‡cÿK
DËi: K
65.‡Kv‡bv †iLvi Y A‡ÿi `~iZ¡‡K X A‡ÿi `~iZ¡ Øviv
fvM Ki‡j Kx cvIqv hvq?
(K) w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv (L) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
(M) fvimvg¨ `vg (N) ‡iLvi Xvj
DËi: N
66.Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi m~Î †KvbwU?
(K)
Q
Y
Y
Q



(L)
Q
P
P
Q



(M)
P
P
Q 



(N)
X
Y
Y
X
P
P
P
Q



DËi: L
67. wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq c‡Y¨i †ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
we`¨gvb?
(K) k~b¨ (L) GK‡Ki †P‡q Kg
(M) Amxg (N) GK‡Ki †P‡q †ewk
DËi: L
68.wbZ¨cÖ‡IqvRbxq `ª‡e¨i w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv †Kvb ai‡bi?
(K) Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK (L) w¯’wZ¯’vcK
(M) GKK w¯’wZ¯’vcK (N) Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcK
DËi: K
69.Kjg I Kvwj ci¯úi †Kvb ai‡bi `ªe¨?
(K) cwieZ©K `ªe¨ (L) cwic~iK `ªe¨
(M) wbK…ó `ªe¨ (N) ‡fe‡jb `ªe¨
DËi: L
70. cwieZ©b `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb nq?
(K) wb¤œMvgx (L) DaŸ©Mvgx
(M) f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj (N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
DËi: L
71. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM hLb k~b¨ (0) nq ZLb †gvU Dc‡hvM
Kx nq?
(K) m‡e©v”P (L) me©wb¤œ
(M) abvZ¥K (N) FYvZ¥K
DËi: K
72. Qd = 24-4P Pvwn`v mgxKi‡Y `ªe¨wUi KZ `v‡g
Pvwn`v k~b¨ n‡e?
(K) 5 UvKv (L) 6 UvKv
(M) 7 UvKv (N) 8 UvKv
DËi: L

6. PRO WITH SWADHIN
73. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †h me ivwki gvb AÁvZ _v‡K Zv‡K
Kx e‡j?
(K) PjK (L) aªæeK
(M) civwgwZ (N) ¯^vaxb PjK
DËi: M
74. GKRb we‡µZv GKwU `ªe¨ †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q wbw`©ó
`v‡g †h cwigvY wewµ Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z _v‡K, Zv‡K e‡jÑ
(K) Pvwn`v (L) ‡hvMvb
(M) Drcv`b (N) gRyZ
DËi: L
75. `ª‡e¨i we‡kl ¸Y hv gvby‡li Afve c~i‡Y mÿg-
(K) Drcv`b (L) wewbgq
(M) ‡hvMvb (N) Dc‡hvM
DËi: N
76. mxgve× m¤ú‡`i †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj †Kgb n‡e?
(K) abvZ¥K (L) FYvZ¥K
(M) k~b¨ (N) Amxg
DËi: N
77. Q = C + dp mgxKiYwUi Xj wb‡¤œi †Kvb cÖZxK Øviv
wb‡`©wkZ nq?
(K) C (L) d
(M) P (N) Q
DËi: L
78. Pv‡ji `vg cÖwZ †KwR 35 UvKv n‡Z 50 UvKv n‡j
Pvwn`v n«vm †c‡q 10 †KwR n‡Z 7 †KwR nq| G‡ÿ‡Î
Pv‡ji `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKv KZ?
(K) 0.3 (L) 0.5
(M) 0.7 (N) 1.5
DËi: M
79. Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ cÖKvi?
(K) 2 (L) 3
(M) 4 (N) 5
DËi: L
80.Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb nq?
(K) f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj (L) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
(M) Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx (N) Wvb w`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
DËi: K
welqµg Abyhvqx cÖ‡kœvËi
Dc‡hvM I Dc‡hvM cwigvc
1. Dc‡hvM GKwUÑ gvbwmK aviYv|
2. Dc‡hvM wet‡kl nqÑ †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g|
3. `ª‡e¨i Afve c~i‡Yi ÿgZv n‡jvÑ Dc‡hvM|
4. Dc‡hvM cwigv‡ci c×wZ i‡q‡QÑ 2wU|
5. msL¨vevPK Dc‡hvM n‡jvÑ 1, 2, 3|
6. ch©vqMZ Dc‡hvM n‡jvÑ 1g, 2q, 3q|
7. Dc‡hvM‡K mvaviYZ fvM Kiv hvqÑ2 fv‡M|
8. GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q `ªe¨ µgvMZ †fvM Ki‡Z _vK‡j
n«vm cvqÑ Dc‡hvM|
9. K¬vwmK¨vj A_©bxwZwe`iv mg_©b K‡ibÑ msL¨vevPK
Dc‡hvM|
10. AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`iv mg_©b K‡ibÑ ch©vqMZ
Dc‡hvM‡K|
11. ‡fv³vi AvPi‡Yi cªKvk N‡UÑ Pvwn`vi gva¨‡g|
†gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
1. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó‡K e‡jÑ †gvU Dc‡hvM|
2. ‡gvU Dc‡hvM wbf©i K‡iÑ c‡Y¨i Pvwn`vi Ici|
3. me©‡kl GKK †_‡K cvIqv hvqÑ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM|
4. `ª‡e¨i `vg Zvi cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡MiÑ mgvb|
5. ‡gvU Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvMÑ k~b¨ nq|
6. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvMÑ K‡g|
7. GKwU we‡kl mg‡q FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡iÑ cÖvwšÍK
Dc‡hvM|
8. MU FYvZ¥K n‡j TU Ñ Kg‡Z _v‡K|
9. ‡gvU Dc‡hvM mgvbycvwZK nv‡i evo‡jÑ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
w¯’i _v‡K|
µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
1. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewawUi cÖe³vÑ Aa¨vcK
gvk©vj|

7. PRO WITH SWADHIN
2. 1890 mv‡j µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa e¨vL¨v
K‡ibÑ Aa¨vcK gvk©vj|
3. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLvÑ wb¤œMvgx nq|
4. Dc‡hvMev` wn‡m‡e Dc‡hvM Z‡Ë¡i AeZviYv K‡ibÑ
†R‡iwg †K_vg|
5. Dc‡hvM aviYv‡K m¤úªmvwiZ K‡i A_©bxwZ‡Z e¨envi
K‡iÑ †÷vbw½ †RfÝ|
6. Avj‡d«W gvk©vj µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai
e¨vL¨v †`bÑ ‘The Principle of Economics’
MÖ‡š’|
7. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa Kvh©Ki nqÑ †fv‡Mi
GKK e„w×i d‡j|
8. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai GKwU AbywgZ kZ©
n‡jvÑ †fv³v hyw³kxj n‡e|
9. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai c~b©v½ aviYv e¨vL¨v
†`bÑ Aa¨vcK gvk©vj|
Pvwn`v I Pvwn`v wewa
1. A_©bxwZ‡Z Pvwn`v n‡jvÑ AvKv•ÿv, A_© e¨q Kivi
B”Qv I mvg_©¨|
2. Pvwn`v wbf©ikxjÑ `v‡gi Ici|
3. `v‡gi mv‡_ Pvwn`viÑ wecixZ m¤úK©|
4. Pvwn`vi mv‡_ Nwbô m¤úK© i‡q‡QÑ mgq I `v‡gi|
5. GKwU kZ© Abycw¯’Z _vK‡j Pvwn`vÑ Kvh©Ki nq bv|
6. Pvwn`v wewa‡Z †µZvi msL¨vÑ w¯’i|
7. Pvwn`v wewa Kvh©Ki nqÑ Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©Z
_vK‡j|
8. Pvwn`v wewa Abymv‡i `vg evo‡jÑ Pvwn`v K‡g|
9. weKí `ªe¨ n‡jvÑ we`y¨‡Zi evwZ I †gvgevwZ|
10. cwic~iK cY¨ n‡jvÑ Pv I wPwb|
11. `vg I Pvwn`vi wecixZ m¤úK© eRvq _v‡KÑ ¯^vfvweK
`ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î|
Pvwn`v wewai e¨wZµg
1. wM‡qb `ªe¨ m¤ú‡K© eivU© wM‡db aviYv †`bÑ 1840
mv‡j|
2. ‡h wbK…ó `ª‡e¨i `vg Kg‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvYI n«vm cvq
ZvBÑ wM‡db `ªe¨|
3. wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨‡K ejv nqÑ wM‡db `ªe¨|
4. `vg I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ wecixZgyLx m¤úK©Ñ ¯^vfvweK
`ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î|
5. Pvj, jeY, Avjy n‡jvÑ wMdb `ª‡e¨i D`vniY|
6. gvbyl gh©v`v e„w×i Rb¨ e¨envi K‡iÑ †fe‡jb `ªe¨|
7. wM‡db `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î e¨wZµg †`Lv hvq- Pvwn`v wewai
†ÿ‡Î|
8. ievU© wM‡db AvPiY ch©‡eÿY K‡ibÑ AvBwik
K…lK‡`i|
9. wM‡db `ªe¨ m¤ú‡K© cÖ_g aviYv †`bÑ ievU© wM‡db|
10. Pvwn`v evo‡j `vg ev‡oÑ †fe‡jb I wM‡db `ª‡e¨i|
11. RuvKRgK `ªe¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`bÑ _m©‡UBb †fe‡jb|
12. _m©‡UBb †fe‡jb n‡jbÑ Av‡gwiKvb A_©bxwZwe`|
13. `vg evo‡jI Pvwn`v ev‡oÑ †fv³vi Avq e„w× ‡c‡j|
Pvwn`v m~wP I Pvwn`v †iLv wb¤œvMgx nIqvi KviY
1. ‡µZv GKwU `ª‡e¨i †h wewfbœ cwigvY µq K‡i Zvi
ZvwjKv n‡jvÑ Pvwn`v m~wP|
2. Pvwn`v wewai MvwYwZK cÖKvkÑ Pvwn`v m~wP|
3. Pvwn`v †iLv AvuKv nqÑ Pvwn`v m~wP †_‡K|
4. Pvwn`v †iLv mvaviYZÑ Wvbw`‡K wb¤œiMvgx nq|
5. Pvwn`v m~wP‡Z _v‡KÑ `vg I Pvwn`vi cwigvY|
6. Pvwn`v †iLv wb¤œgyLx nIqvi KviY n‡jvÑ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
µgn«vmgvb|
7. Pvwn`v m~wPi R¨vwgwZK cªKvk n‡jvÑ Pvwn`v †iLv|
e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v, evRvi Pvwn`v I Pvwn`vi wba©viK
1. evRv‡i me †fv³vi e¨w³MZ Pvwn`vi mgwó‡K e‡jÑ
evRvi Pvwn`v|
2. GKRb †fv³vi Pvwn`v‡K e‡jÑ e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v|
3. evRvi Pvwn`vi aviYvÑ mvgwóK|

8. PRO WITH SWADHIN
4. e¨w³MZ Pvwn`vi aviYvÑ ÿz`ª|
5. e¨w³MZ Pvwn`vi †ÿ‡Î †fv³vi msL¨v _v‡KÑ 1 Rb|
6. evRvi Pvwn`vi †ÿ‡Î †fv³vi msL¨v _v‡KÑ AmsL¨v|
7. Pvwn`v‡K we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡iÑ AvKl©Yxq
weÁvcb|
8. RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v K‡g hLbÑ †µZvi mÂq ev‡o|
9. Pvwn`vi wba©viKmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jvÑ †fv³vi
Avq|
10. e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v †iLvmg~‡ni †hvMdj †_‡K cvIqv hvqÑ
evRvi Pvwn`v †iLv|
A‡cÿK, PjK, aªæeK
1. GKwU A‡cÿ‡K ¯^vaxb PjK _v‡KÑ GK ev GKvwaK|
2. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Pj‡Ki m¤úK© cÖKvk cvqÑ A‡cÿK
Øviv|
3. ‡h ivwki gvb me©`v cwieZ©bkxj ZvBÑ PjK|
4. ‡h ivwk wfbœ wfbœ gvb MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K e‡jÑ PjK|
5. wbf©ikxiZvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K PjK‡K fvM Kiv hvqÑ 2
fv‡M|
6. ‡h ivwki gvb cwieZ©b nq bv Zv‡K e‡jÑ aªæeK|
7. ‡h Pj‡Ki gvb Ab¨ Pj‡Ki Ici wbf…i K‡i Zv‡K
e‡jÑ Aaxb PjK|
8. ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki gvb wbf©i K‡i bvÑ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Pj‡Ki
Ici|
9. A_©‰bwZK PjK cwieZ©b N‡UÑ ¯’vb I Kvj Gi
wfwˇZ|
10. civwgwZ we‡kl ai‡bi aªæeK, hvi gvbÑ AÁvZ _v‡K|
11. A_©‰bwZK PjK cwieZ©b nqÑ ¯’vb I Kv‡ii wfwˇZ|
12. A_©bxwZi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z PjK‡K e‡jÑ A_©‰bwZK
PjK|
13. Pj‡Ki mv‡_ ¸Y AvKv‡i _v‡KÑ mnM|
14. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq hvi gvb w¯’i Zv‡K e‡jÑ aªæeK|
Pvwn`v A‡cÿK I †iLvi Xvj
1. ‡Kv‡bv †iLvi AvK…wZ wbwf©i K‡iÑ Xv‡ji Dci|
2. ‡Kvb †iLvi Djø¤^ D”PZv I Avbyf~wgK `~i‡Z¡i
AbycvZ‡K e‡jÑXvj|
3. Pvwn`v A‡cÿ‡K †`Lv‡bv nq `vg I Pvwn`vi ga¨KviÑ
m¤úK©|
4. Pvwn`v A‡cÿK‡K ¯^vaxb PjK n‡jvÑ `vg|
5. mvaviYZ Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj nqÑ FYvZ¥K|
6. mij †iLvi cÖwZwU we›`y‡Z XvjÑ w¯’i|
7. AwZ Avek¨Kxq `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v †iLvÑ f~wg A‡ÿi
mgvšÍivj|
8. ‡Kv‡bv Aÿ‡K †Q` K‡i bvÑ mgcive„ËvKvi Pvwn`v
†iLv|
9. D= a – bP A‡cÿ‡Ki Pvwn`v †iLv n‡eÑ wb¤œMvgx
mij †iLv|
10. Pvwn`v †iLvi †ÿ‡Î j¤^ A‡ÿ †`Lv‡bv nqÑ ¯^vaxb
PjK|
Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
1. ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi mv‡c‡ÿ Aax‡b Pj‡Ki mvov
†`Iqvi gvÎv‡K e‡jÑ w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv|
2. Elasticity `ª‡e¨i `vg e„w× †c‡j †gvU e¨qÑ n«vm
cvq|
3. w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi D™¢e n‡q‡QÑ c`v_©weÁvb †_‡K|
4. Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvÑ 3 cÖKvi|
5. GK‡Ki mgvb w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv n‡jvÑ E4 = 1
6. AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv nqÑ
Aw¯’wZ¯’vcKZv|
7. Av‡qi cwieZ©‡bi †cÖwÿ‡Z wbY©q Kiv nqÑ Avq
w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv|
8. Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbf©i K‡iÑ `v‡gi Ici|
9. me©vwaK `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvÑ abvZ¥K|
11. Aw¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLvÑ A‡cÿvK…Z Lvov|
12. cwieZ©K `ª‡e¨ AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvÑ abvZ¥K|
13. cwic~iK `ª‡e¨ AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvÑ FYvZ¥K|
14. m¤úK©nxb `ª‡e¨ AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvÑ k~b¨|
15. Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v †iLvÑ f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|

9. PRO WITH SWADHIN
w¯’wZ¯’vcK I Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v Ges `vg
w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
1. cwieZ©K `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZÑ DaŸ©Mvgx|
2. Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK `ªe¨ n‡jvÑ wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨|
3. w¯’wZ¯’vcK `ªe¨ n‡jvÑ g~j¨evb wRwbm|
4. Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZÑ Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx|
5. w¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`vi gvbÑ 1 < E4 < |
6. Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`vi gvbÑ 0 < E4 < 1|
7. w¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`vi †ÿ‡Î `vg cÖfveÑ AwaK|
8. Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`vi †ÿ‡Î `vg cÖfveÑ Kg|
9. `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv cwigv‡ci c×wZÑ 5wU|
10. ‡gvU e¨q c×wZi cÖe³vÑ Aa¨vcK gvk©vj|
‡hvMvb wewa, †hvMvb †iLv, †hvMvb A‡cÿK
1. weµq‡hvM¨ GKwU `ª‡e¨i †gvU cwigvc‡KÑ gRyZ e‡j|
2. A_©bxwZ‡Z †hvMvb I gRyZÑ c„_K aviYv|
3. ‡hvMv‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wba©viKÑ `vg I mgq|
4. ‡hvMv‡bi m~wP‡Z cÖwZdjb Nv‡UÑ †hvMvb wewai|
5. ‡hvMv‡bi mv‡_ AZ¨šÍ Nwbô m¤úK©Ñ mg‡qi|
6. ‡hvMv‡bi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wba©viKÑ `ª‡e¨i wbR¯^ `vg|
7. `vg I †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ mggyLx m¤úK© †`LvqÑ †hvMvb
wewa|
8. g~j¨ e„w× †c‡j †hvMvbÑ e„w× cvq|
9. ‡hvMvb †iLv mvaviYZÑ Wvew`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx|
10. †hvMvb †iLv DaŸ©Mvgx nIqvi KviYÑ `vg cÖfve|
11. Drcv`b †KŠkj I cÖhyw³i cwieZ©b n‡jÑ †hvMvb
cwiewZ©Z nq|
†hvMv‡bi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
1. `vg I †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi mgvb nqÑ GKK
w¯’wZ¯’vKZvq|
2. cPbkxj `ª‡e¨i †hvMvbÑ m¤ú~Y© Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK|
3. ‡hvMv‡bi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvÑ 5 cÖKvi|
4. ‡hvMvb w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi m~ÎÑ
S
P
.
P
S


5. `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi nvi A‡cÿv †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi
Kg n‡jÑ Es < 1 nq|
6. Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcK †hvMvb †iLvÑ f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|
7. k~b¨ w¯’wZ¯’vcK †hvMvb †iLvÑ j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|
8. `v‡gi e¨vcK cwieZ©‡b †hvMvb AcwiewZ©ZÑ k~b¨
w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvq|
9. `v‡gi mvgvb¨ cwieZ©‡b †hvMv‡bi e¨vcK cwieZ©bÑ
Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvq|
10. GK‡Ki †P‡q †ewk w¯’wZ¯’vcK †iLvÑ j¤^ jÿ‡K †Q`
K‡i|
fvimvg¨
1. ‡h `v‡g Pvwn`v I †hvMvb mgvb nq Zv‡K e‡jÑ
fvimvg¨ `vg|
2. fvimvg¨ `v‡g †h cwigvY `ªe¨ µq-weµq nq Zv‡K
e‡jÑ fvimvg¨ cwigvY|
3. Equilbrium kãwU G‡m‡Q j¨vwUb kãÑ Acquas I
Lihra †_‡K|
4. fvimvg¨ K_vwUi A_©Ñ mvg¨ Ae¯’v|
5. fvimvg¨ Ae¯’vqÑ Pvwn`v = †hvMvb|
6. Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi mgZv bv _vK‡jÑ `v‡gi cwieZ©b
nq|
7. ‡hvMvb w¯’i †i‡L Pvwn`v evo‡j fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY
DfqÑ ev‡o|