This paper summarizes an organizational development exercise conducted at Adhikar, an NGO in Jharkhand, India focused on human rights and advocacy for marginalized communities. The authors, a doctoral student and professor, conducted interviews, field visits, and reviewed reports to diagnose the organization. They found issues common to developmental non-profits, such as challenges that arise from an organization growing beyond its founder, and poor communication and coordination. The case provided insight into structural issues facing growing non-profits and how organizational diagnosis can address gaps that do not immediately impact performance but could threaten long-term health.

1. Team Members
Palak, Hrithik, Nimish & Vijay

3.  WHAT IS NGO
 HISTORY OF NGO
 SOME NGO’s IN INDIA
 INTRODUCTION TO OD
 FOUR MAJOR STEM OF OD
 A CASE OF OD IN JHARKHAND
I. ABOUT THE AUTHORS
II. SCOPE OF WORK IN THE ORGANIZATION
III. STRUCTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION
IV. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
V. DIAGNOSIS: WEISBORD’s SIX BOX MODEL
VI. CONCLUSION

4.  A NGO (non governmental organization) is an
organization that is neither a part of a government nor
a conventional for profit business.
 NGO’s may be funded by –
Governments, foundations, schools, businesses or private
people.
And some may have charitable status, while others may
be registered for tax exemption based on recognition of
social purposes. Others may be fronts for political,
religious, or other interests.

5.  The term ‘non-governmental organization’ was first coined in
1945, when the United Nations (UN) was created.
 According to the UN any kind of private organization that is
independent from government control can be termed as
‘NGO’.
 In some countries the term NGO is applied to an organization
that in another country would be called as NPO (non profit
organization)
 International NGOs were important in the anti-slavery
movement and the movement for women’s sufferage.
 Based on Societies Registration Act(SRA)NGO was approved in
1860.
 India is estimated to had around 2 million NGOs in 2014

6. 1. CRY(Child Rights and You)
Founded -1979
Founder- Rippan Kapur
Area of Work-
>Healthcare
>Nutrition
>Education
>Protection from child labour
>Protection from child marriage

7. 2. Smile Foundation:
Founded: 2002
Founder: Santanu Mishra
Area of Work :
We work on Education,
Healthcare, Livelihood,
Women Empowerment and Disaster response
3. Give India:
Founded : 1999
Founder : Venkat Krishnan
Area of Work : GIVEINDIA, an online
donation platform, allows you to support
a cause of choice from the NGOs evaluated for transparency and
credibility.
What We Do: GiveIndia is India’s largest and most trustworthy
giving platform for donors.

8.  O D is the act, process or result of furthering,
advancing, or promoting the growth of an
organization.

9.  An organization is the planned coordination of the
activities of a number of people for the achievement of
some common explicit purpose or goals through the
division of labour responsibility.
 Two elements stand out viz.
(a) Development may be an act, process or an end state
(b) Development means bettering something

10.  T-Group(Laboratory Training)- Participants learn from their
own actions and the group’s evolving dynamics.
 Survey Feedback Technology- Developing reliable
questionnaires, collecting data from personnel, analyzing it
for trends, and feeding the results back to everyone for action
planning.
 Action research- Diagnosing, taking action, re-diagnosing
and taking new action.
 Productivity & Quality of work life- Integrate social
requirements of employees with technical requirements
needed to do work in provided environment.

12. Authors
Nisha Nair
Neharika Vohra
The main objective of the working paper series of the
IIMA is to help faculty members, Research Staff and
Doctoral Students to speedily share their research
findings with professional collegues, and to test out
their research findings at the pre-publication stage.

13.  Nisha Niar: Doctoral Student Indian Institute of Management,
Ahmedabad, India.
 Neharika Vohra: Associate Professor, Indian Institute of
Management, Ahmedabad, India.
This organizational development exercise was carried out in a
prominent NGO that works in the area of rights and advocacy
in the state of jharkand in India.
The OD exercise was part of the Applied Behavioral science
course of Nisha Niar in graduation program and Neharika
Vohra was guiding and supervising Nisha Niar.

14.  Organization Development work has largely been done in
business or for profit organizations. OD in nonprofit
organizations provides some unique challenges for the
consultant that may not exist in business organizations.
The organizational culture for most non profit organizations
tends to be different from traditional organiations.
The key difference between developmental organizations and
commercial organizations has been cited as the centrality of
values and ideology for developmental organizations

15.  Adhikar (which stands for human rights) is a mass-based
organization in the state of Jharkand in India that started in 1985
with the aim of altering society’s power base towards the poor and
the marginalized. Since its inception,
 Adhikar has worked alongside socially marginalized communities
– primarily the tribal communities and other landless laborers
spread in and around Jharkand with the intent to support
organized action from within the community against any unjust
distribution of wealth, resources or power.
 The founder Mr. Rajan Mishra sought to espouse the ideal of self-
determination through organizing people into unions and other
collectives to fight for their rights.
 The organization has grown from a few handful inspired by Mr.
Mishra during the early days to over 200 employees. Mr. Mishra
currently serves in a prominent position at the Center in the
Government of India.

18.  Ms Nisha Nair the first author asked for a permission
from Ms. Pia, who is the program director of Adhikar.
 Then after getting the permission Nisha study the
organization, conduct interviews and apply OD as and
when required.
 The intent was to understand the nature of its work and
functioning, collect data on the culture and other
relevant information, and on the basis of the findings
suggest some interventions for improvement or
changes.

19. The primary methodology of the study comprised of the
following.
 INTERVIEWS:
Regarding organization culture, areas of concerns.
 FIELD VISITS:
They visited the fields in Ghastsila where they interacted
with regional coordinator and works were also interviewed.
 MEMOS & REPORTS:
The initial familiarization came through a study of various
reports and manuals published. Like annual reports, budget
analysis report, newspaper clippings etc.

20.  This paper is an attempt to address the gap in the literature
regarding developmental work in non government or human
service organizations. The lack of attention to organizational
structure is made worse as these issues do not immediately
reflect on the performance of the organization, but if left
untended, could be fatal for the health of the organization.
The developmental organization studied
proved to be quite an interesting one where many of the
organizational issues faced by developmental organizations as
indicated in the literature, such as moving beyond the founder,
or poor communication and coordination came to the fore. The
issues of structure and the challenges facing a growing
organization were amply made evident in this case. This
intervention although limited in scope in terms of working with
the client, provided an ideal opportunity for organizational
diagnosis.