What are the positive & negative effects of ultra thin and sexy models in magazines on self-esteem of young girls?
Research shows that one of the reasons for low self-esteem is as a result of poor body image; in consequences, low self-esteem occurs alongside depression, anxiety and eating disorders.
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Hp seminar presentation azar's version
1. Do You See What I see?: An
exploration of inter-ethnic ideal body
size comparisons among college
women
Webb, J. B., Warren-Findlow, J., Chou, Y., & Adams, L. (2013)
Presented
By
Andrea, Azar & Vanessa
Health Promotion Seminar
3. Background
Ideal body images among African American and
European American women
Greater confluence
Rising level of body dissatisfaction among African American
women
Largest discrepancy between body dissatisfaction ratings
during emerging adulthood
4. Body Image Development
Intersection of racial and gender identity development
Self-concept
Figure rating scale stimuli
“oppositional gaze”
5. Corporate Image
Physical representation of cultural values attached to
what it means to be uniquely African American or
European American
Preserving norms or undermining multicultural sensitivity?
6. Objective
To examine whether African American and European
American college women acknowledge shifts in the
cultural norms surrounding body image for their ethnic
group and for women within the other ethnic group
7. Research Questions
Does interaction with more culturally-sensitive figure
rating stimuli suggest congruence around the ideal body
size between members of both ethnic groups?
How do members of one ethnic group perceive the ideal
body size for the other ethnic group in comparison to the
figure they selected for themselves?
8. Research Questions
What are the perceived influences on ideal body image
between the ethnic groups?
How accurate are the perceptions of the reasons behind
why the other ethnic group likely selected their ideal
body size?
9. Methods- Research team
Clinical health psychologist
Students
Public health researcher
Multi-ethnic
Female
10. Methods- Participants
Recruitment
Process
incentives
Participants:
35 undergraduate females
54% European American
46% African American
11. Methods- Measures
Demographic survey and body size figures before focus
group
Actual anthropomorphic measure taken after focus
group
Weight, height, BMI
12. Methods- Focus Group
Focus groups
6 comprised of European Americans
5comprised of African Americans
2-3 hours each
Digitally recorded
Open ended questions on perceptions of health, weight,
sociocultural influences, ethnic differences
13. Methods- Analysis
3 researchers randomly assigned transcripts
Independently developed codes for themes
No a priori codes given
Consensus reached- entered in codebook
Codebook used for remaining transcripts
Complete when 100% coding agreement of all transcripts
reached
14. Results
Comments from both groups organized as:
Within group
How each group talked about their own body size
Between group
What each ethnic group perceived that other group
might choose for ideal size ratings and why
15. Findings
Difference between
current and ideal body size
African American
participants had a higher
BMI than European
American participants
Both groups had significant
means differences between
their current and ideal body
size rating
Pulver’s figure C selected as
societal ideal by majority of
both groups
Pulver’s Figure C
17. Within-group perceptions
African American group description:
There is no standard for ideal body
One ideal size does not fit everyone
Descriptions based on internalized norms
Self-acceptance
I like how I look
18. European Americans’ belief about African
Americans
Prefer womanly
figure, like curve and
stuff, full, …
Their Rationale:
African American
men like bigger girls!
self acceptance
19. African Americans’ belief about European
Americans
Figure A or B, Extreme
language: sickly
anorexic, super skinny
Their Rationale:
celebrity standard:
Sarah Jessica, Parris
Hamilton…
22. Validation of Between Group
Perception
Cross-Group Analysis- Between group assumptions:
European Americans’ ideas: AA self acceptance, selfconfidence influenced by AA men
African Americans’ ideas: using extreme adjective- ultra
thin media models, fat talk
23. External/Internal Values
EA’ ideas: external, abstract notions of “ideal”, social
influences
EA: hypercritical: I look like a Whale!
AA’ ideas: internal, self-determined standards, greater
self-acceptance, influenced by AA men
Body dissatisfaction triggered externally
AA: in a medical class , I was told that for my height, healthy
weight is 135 lbs, it kind of hurt my feelings
24. Body Image
Positive /Negative
Body Image
You feel comfortable and
confident in your body.
You feel uncomfortable
and awkward in your
body.
How do you see
/picture yourself?
25. Discussion: Health Promotion
Concerns
1. What do you think is the ideal body image, in terms of size
and shape?
2. How does viewing media images make you feel?
3. What are Health Promotion Concerns ( Ottawa
Charter)?
26. Media’s Role
Does this picture promote
health?
What the relationship
between this picture and
Men’s Health? !
27. Media’s Role
Does this picture reveal “Best
Health”?
What does this picture say? A
healthy man? A healthy
woman?
28. An open letter to Health Magazine:
“Dear Women’s Health Magazine, What's With All the Boobs?”
Does this picture convey the
message how to prevent
breast cancer ?
(Picture from Women’s
Health Magazine}
when we talk about breast
cancer, aren’t we talking
about life and death? By
honing into the sexual value
of a woman’s breasts, this
image undermines the very
real fact that breast cancer
is a disease that kills women!
Editor's Notes
historically evolved to be contrasting images of one another…recent studies showing difference narrowing towards one ideal…influence of body appreciation emphasis…or influence of African American menTrend towards one ideal has meant greater body dissatisfaction among African American womenAlthough, greatest difference has been shown among college women
Is this a developmental task of asserting or protecting their ethnic and/or gender identity and emerging self-concept?It was noted that self-concept may be particularly salient for ethnically-diverse women negotiating the development transition of emerging adulthood while attending college at a predominantly White institutionPreserving such norms may manifest in how young women of both ethnic groups experience and respond to the figure rating scales used to quantify body dissatisfactionSo to what extent is this discrepancy between body ideals a result of how the ethnic groups experience and respond to figure rating scales? What is the influence of the “oppositional gaze”, which refers to the potentially greater reactivity by African American young women in response to biased measurement instruments that are not construed as ethnically-inclusive
How important is it for African American and European American women to distinguish themselves from the other to maintain their ethnic identity?What could some of the benefits of preserving norms be? Or how could this undermine multicultural sensitivity?Previous studies recognized some benefits of embracing traditional body image-related cultural norms may include promoting intra- and interpersonal aspects of self-concept, whichaffirms ethnic group membershipaligns oneself with norms that embody one’s idealized sense of womanhood/femininityboost collective self-esteemstrengthen relational bonds with same-ethnicity female peers
Within group: European Americans description about their actual body size, their ideal body size, what is an ideal body sizeBetween group: what each group think about other group, their perception about other group and what would be an ideal body size through their eyes
European Americans’ expressions of ideal body: athletic, toned, but not anorexic skinny, beautiful with bigger boobs! shaped legs, …defined collar bonecurvy-thin, skinny, definition of collar bone, not anorexic skinny, but like beautiful women who have a little weight on them, ……..so they look healthy, ………….. with bigger boobs!One description of an European American girl about herself: Rationale:
Prefer womanly figure, like curve and stuff, full, a little more meat, embrace being bigger! Happy being curvaceous
Their body dissatisfaction is triggered by feedback from others (external ) One participant says: in a medical class , I was told that for my height, healthy weight is 135 lbs, it kind of hurt my feelings
( African Americans confirms the notion: men find curvy appealing) European Americans admit that their openness to talking about weight and body issues- and also have critical views- one says that I was at the beach the other day and I was like oh my gosh- I look like a whale out here- Fat talk African Americans admit that being skinny is not that much attractive to African American men
Paris Hilton: Skinny model All African American focus groups provided exaggerated examples to describe their beliefs about European American ‘s behaviours with regard to weight.
The research team did a cross group analysis to examine the accuracy of the guEuropean Americans described that African American had a great self- acceptance of their body size +They are more influenced by the preferences of African American men – this idea was confirmed by African American girlsAA described EA using extreme adjectives and ultra-thin media models. EA discussed media role models but their rationales were based on perceptions that these celebrities are happy and they have a healthy lifestyle.
EA: hypercritical, Whale!
This topic is very complicated, there are so many aspects that which can be discussed , but we decided to talk about the relation of this topic and health promotion-
The thin ideal has been identified as playing a central role in female body dissatisfaction. BODY dissatisfaction / negative body image has a considerable impact on the emotional and physical health of young women.
internalization of the media’s thin idealinternalized comparison (an averagewoman’s body compared to a very thin model’s creates a discrepancy in size can effect self-esteem
Health Promotion Concerns: What are the positive /negative effects of ultra thin and sexy models in magazines on self-esteem of young girls? Research shows that one of the reasons for low self-esteem is as a result of poor body image; in consequences, low self-esteem occurs alongside depression, anxiety and eating disorders
