Graphene, discovered in 2004 by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, is a single layer of carbon atoms with exceptional properties like high electrical and thermal conductivity, flexibility, and strength. Its unique characteristics make it suitable for various applications, including water treatment, super-strong body armor, and flexible electronics. However, the mass production of graphene remains economically challenging, with current prices being significantly higher than those of gold.

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6 January 2023

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3. Key Points:
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Introduction
Discovery
Properties
Applications
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 Graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a
single layer of atoms arranged in a two dimensional
honeycomb lattice nanostructure.
 The name is derived
from "graphite“.
Introduction:
0.03’’ of
Graphite
3 Million
Graphene
Layers
=
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5. Discovery:
 Graphene was discovered in 2004 by Andre Geim and
Konstantin Novoselov at the University of Manchester.
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6. Discovery:
Discovery Method:
Scotch tape technique.
They stuck tape to a piece of graphite and pulled free a single layer of
the material. This left them with graphene.
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7. Properties:
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Why
Superman
is called
Superman?
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8. Properties:
 Graphene has magical properties which make it a
super material.
 Two characteristics of graphene make it an
exceptional material.
The perfect order found in its sheets—no atomic
defects such as vacancies exist.
These sheets are extremely pure—only carbon
atoms are present.
 The most outstanding properties of graphene are:
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9. High Optical
Transparency
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For a single layer of graphene
Absorption = 2.3 %
Transparency = 88.5%
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10. High
Thermal
Conductivity
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Between 3500 W/m.K and 5000 W/m.K
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11. Hardest
Material
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Nothing less than an elephant balancing on
a sharp pencil will be able to break
graphene (~130 GPa)
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12. Lightest
Material
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Graphene is so lighter that a flower can
bear its weight. One square meter of
graphene weighs about 0.77 milligrams.
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13. High Tensile
Strength
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It can be stretched as much as 25%
of its length.
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14. High
Electrical
Conductivity
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Graphene carries electricity more quickly more
precisely. Due to high current density and high
intrinsic mobility electrons have no resistance
when they move through graphene.
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15. High
Flexibility
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Has high ability to bend due to low
Young’s Modulus.
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16. Applications:
 Due to its magical properties graphene has a vast range of
applications in modern technology.
 It is saying that Soon Graphene will take over the world
 EU devoted $1.3 billion to research from 2013-2023. This
research is intended to find out how graphene can alter the
principles of electronics, constructions, health and energy
sectors
 Some important applications of graphene are:
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17. Water
Treatment
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In 2018 Scientists in Australia made
seawater drinkable after just a single use
of a particular form of graphene.
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18. Super Strong
Body Armor
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Research from Georgia Tech
demonstrated that 2 atomic layers of
graphene can make a super strong
body armor
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19. Super
Rechargeable
Gadgets
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Quickly rechargeable (empty to full in just
15 min) and can be charged more than
3500 times
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20. Super
Tattoos
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Researchers from the University of
Texas have invented temporary
tattoos based on graphene. These
tattoos can track a person’s vitals
including their level of hydration and
skin temperature.
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21. Flexible
Smartphone
displays
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Based on magical property
(Flexibility) of Graphene.
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22.  However before this revolution can begin to be
realized, economical and reliable methods for the mass
production of graphene must be devised.
 Because graphene is much more expensive
 You can buy 1g Graphene for $220. (about Rs.50595)
 1 tola gold price is approximately Rs. 1,83,500
 1 tola graphene price is approximately Rs. 6,07,147
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