Slides of a presentation presented during the 2021 Ecological Society of America annual meeting for a symposium titled: Woody Invaders in Temperate and Tropical Forests: Different Species, Same Strategy?
This presentation by Dr John Hunter of the University of New England discusses why the re-introduction of regular fire on north coast grassy headlands would be an inappropriate management strategy and could possibly cause loss of threatened species, reduction in richness and diversity and homogenisation of the system.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2017 Bushfire Conference - Fire, Fauna & Ferals: from backyards to bush.
This presentation by Dr Elizabeth Tasker of the NSW Office of Environment & Heritage discusses how reduced fire frequency in the Border Ranges in north-eastern NSW lead to a decline and loss of grassy forests. This talk provides an update on their 2015 NCC conference presentation on the Eastern Bristlebird and its grassy habitat, and focusses on OEH’s mapping of the condition and extent of the grassy eucalypt forests.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2017 Bushfire Conference - Fire, Fauna & Ferals: from backyards to bush.
This presentation by Dr John Hunter of the University of New England discusses why the re-introduction of regular fire on north coast grassy headlands would be an inappropriate management strategy and could possibly cause loss of threatened species, reduction in richness and diversity and homogenisation of the system.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2017 Bushfire Conference - Fire, Fauna & Ferals: from backyards to bush.
This presentation by Dr Elizabeth Tasker of the NSW Office of Environment & Heritage discusses how reduced fire frequency in the Border Ranges in north-eastern NSW lead to a decline and loss of grassy forests. This talk provides an update on their 2015 NCC conference presentation on the Eastern Bristlebird and its grassy habitat, and focusses on OEH’s mapping of the condition and extent of the grassy eucalypt forests.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2017 Bushfire Conference - Fire, Fauna & Ferals: from backyards to bush.
This presentation by Tein McDonald discusses how fire can be a tool for maintaining diversity as well as playing a role in restoration treatments. Conceptual frameworks for restoration and rehabilitation can assist decision-making for living with fire.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2015 Bushfire Conference - Fire and Restoration: working with fire for healthy lands.
John Hunter (on behalf of Peter Croft) of the University of New England describes how wildfires and hazard reduction burns affect both the quality and amount of fauna habitat in Australian forests and woodlands. This presentation shows that the potential deleterious impacts on fauna of increased hazard reduction targets can be mitigated only by undertaking strategic burning, protecting remnant areas of long unburnt vegetation and increasing the upper fire thresholds of some vegetation communities in fire management.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2017 Bushfire Conference - Fire, Fauna & Ferals: from backyards to bush.
The tropical rainforest is a hot, moist biome where it rains all year long. It is known for its dense canopies of vegetation that form three different layers. The top layer or canopy contains giant trees that grow to heights of 75 m (about 250 ft) or more.
This presentation by Dr Brad Murray of the University of Technology Sydney shows how a triple threat from gully plant flammability, climate change and exotic plant invasion could lead to catastrophic losses of gully habitat in the Sydney Region and highlights that reliance on gully habitat as refugia for native fauna may not be a robust strategy for the future.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2017 Bushfire Conference - Fire, Fauna & Ferals: from backyards to bush.
Shrubs and invasive grass predict lizard occurrence in an arid shrublandAlessandro Filazzola
Filazzola, A., Westphal, M., Powers, M., Liczner, A.R., Johnson, B, & Lortie, C.J.The realized niche of the endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia sila) is determined by interactions between native shrubs and invasive annual grass. ESA 100th Meeting Baltimore.
This presentation by Tein McDonald discusses how fire can be a tool for maintaining diversity as well as playing a role in restoration treatments. Conceptual frameworks for restoration and rehabilitation can assist decision-making for living with fire.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2015 Bushfire Conference - Fire and Restoration: working with fire for healthy lands.
John Hunter (on behalf of Peter Croft) of the University of New England describes how wildfires and hazard reduction burns affect both the quality and amount of fauna habitat in Australian forests and woodlands. This presentation shows that the potential deleterious impacts on fauna of increased hazard reduction targets can be mitigated only by undertaking strategic burning, protecting remnant areas of long unburnt vegetation and increasing the upper fire thresholds of some vegetation communities in fire management.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2017 Bushfire Conference - Fire, Fauna & Ferals: from backyards to bush.
The tropical rainforest is a hot, moist biome where it rains all year long. It is known for its dense canopies of vegetation that form three different layers. The top layer or canopy contains giant trees that grow to heights of 75 m (about 250 ft) or more.
This presentation by Dr Brad Murray of the University of Technology Sydney shows how a triple threat from gully plant flammability, climate change and exotic plant invasion could lead to catastrophic losses of gully habitat in the Sydney Region and highlights that reliance on gully habitat as refugia for native fauna may not be a robust strategy for the future.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2017 Bushfire Conference - Fire, Fauna & Ferals: from backyards to bush.
Shrubs and invasive grass predict lizard occurrence in an arid shrublandAlessandro Filazzola
Filazzola, A., Westphal, M., Powers, M., Liczner, A.R., Johnson, B, & Lortie, C.J.The realized niche of the endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia sila) is determined by interactions between native shrubs and invasive annual grass. ESA 100th Meeting Baltimore.
Partial shading as significant factor in biodiversity of plants in Israel 2022Nir Herr
Moderate shading, soil-habitat factors, climate, and interactions among species and nearby individual plants influence the biodiversity of plant species growing in Israel
We examined the composition of vegetation in open areas, and the understory plants in maquis and forests. Unique concentrations of rare plants were found under moderate shading in eucalyptus forests in the Sharon, Shfela, and the Jezreel Valley. Stable populations of Iris Haynei were found primarily in open pine forest. Iris Bismarckiana grows more in open eucalyptus forest. Recruitment and survival of oak sprouts were found more in forests under partial shading conditions.
In contrast to Western and Northern Mediterranean countries with summer rains, In Eastern Mediterranean lack of water, and not a lack of light, is the major factor affecting growing conditions. Partial shading allows the entry of a sufficient sunlight while slowing down the dehydration of the soil, and creates a variety of ecological conditions.
A hot t, tropical grassland with scattered trees is aSavannaTun.docxJospehStull43
A hot t, tropical grassland with scattered trees is a:
Savanna
Tundra
Boreal forest
Desert
Permafrost is a defining characteristic of which biome?:
Steppe
Desert
Taiga
Tundra
The dominant plant type in temperate forest is:
Forbs
Coniferous trees
Deciduous trees
Succulents
The chaparral biome can be found in:
California
Australia
All answers are correct
The Mediterranean
Trees in the Boreal forest are adapted to conserve:
Carbon
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
Magnesium
What is an endemic species?
A species native to only one area
A species dying from an unknown disease
A robust group of organisms that dominate an ecosystem
A broad group of pollinating insects
Which of the following is a driver of species creation?
Climatic stability
All answers are drivers
Temporal stability
Habitat heterogeneity
Pollinator ecosystem services are provided by which organism?
Birds
All are pollinators
Bees
Bat
Why have scientists, farmers and politicians stored the world’s seed heritage on a remote island in the Arctic?
Consistent temperatures and humidity for seed survival.
If the facility’s climate control fails, the seeds will only freeze.
All of these answers are correct.
Polar bears and remoteness are great deterrents for terrorists.
Scientists consider which of the following an important aspect of “biodiversity”?
Ecosystems
Genes
Species
All are important
What percentage of the timber imported by the United States is potentially illegally harvested?
75%
50%
1%
10%
What is the present day extinction rate?
About 10 times faster than the background rate
About 100 times faster than the background rate
About equal to the background rate
About 1000 times faster than the background rate
What percentage of river lengths in the United States have been modified through damming and bank modification?
50%
20%
90%
10%
Which of the following statements is TRUE about extinction?
Extinction occurs when speciation rates increase dramatically
The only large extinction event was 65 million years ago when the dinosaurs were killed.
Extinction of more than half of the existing species on the planet has occurred roughly five times
Plants, but not animals, have been known to recover from extinction
Which of the following threats has had a large impact on biodiversity?
Overharvesting
All three are correct
Exotic species
Habitat loss
When an invasive species is introduced, what is the potential consequence of that introduction?
Increased predation on some native species
All of the listed consequences can occur
Extinction of economically important species
Reduced predation on some native species
The relationship between the populations of wild lynx and snowshoe hare is an example of what ecological interaction?
Birth rates dynamics
Nutrient cycling
Territorial dominance
Predator-prey interactions
Energy is _________ as you move up the trophic levels.
Lost
Gained
Created
Conserved
Where one species benefits from prolonged interaction with another species, while the.
Hotspots of biodiversity—areas particularly rich in species, rare species,
threatened species, or some combination of these attributes—are increasingly
being delineated to help set priorities for conservation. Only recently have we
begun to test key assumptions that determine how useful a hotspot approach
can be for conservation planning. The evidence suggests that although at large
geographic scales hotspots do provide useful information for conservation
planning, at smaller scales their value may be more limited.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...
How to invade an intact tropical rainforest
1. How to invade an intact tropical
rainforest: a case study of
Psidium cattleyanum
a.k.a
How to be a superweed
David Tng, Susan Laurance
Follow us on Twitter
2021 ESA Annual Meeting
2. Introduction
• Disturbance is a major mechanism in the
establishment of exotic plants
• Most weeds are shade-intolerant
• Closed forest understoreys are thought to be
resistant to weeds
• But there now wider recognition of a group of
weeds that invade shaded areas (Martin et al. 2009)
3. Profile of Psidium cattleyanum
• Shrub to small tree (up
to ~ 8 m)
• Flowers & fruits as a
shrub
• Originates from the
Atlantic coast Southeast
Brazil
4. Global distribution
• Now pretty much everywhere in the tropics/subtropics
& even some temperate areas
• Problematic in Portugal, South Africa, La Réunion, the Seychelles,
Mauritius, New Zealand, the USA, Hawaii, Micronesia and French
Polynesia.
iNaturalist query 4th July 2021
5. Current distribution in Australia
Some areas of concern
Wet Tropics World
Heritage Area
Gondwana Rainforests
World Heritage Area
Lord Howe Island World
Heritage Area
& also Norfolk Island
Atlas of Living Australia
Queried on 4th July 2021 Pers obs
Cultivated in Hobart Botanical Gardens
Probably introduced into Australia as a fruit tree
6. Research questions
Question 1
What are the environmental drivers of P.
cattleyanum invasion of closed forest?
Question 2
Are there any functional differences between P.
cattleyanum and understorey tree & shrubs?
7. Demography
• Sampled forest sites in
North Queensland
• 33 successional forests
8 mature phase
Preece et al. 2012
Q1: Environmental drivers of P. cattleyanum invasion of closed forest?
Tng et al. 2015
8. Primary rainforest
Secondary rainforest with
P. cattleyanum
Secondary rainforest w/o P.
cattleyanum
LEGEND
CEC
Q1: Environmental drivers of P. cattleyanum invasion of closed forest?
• P. cattleyanum in
27 of the 41
sampled sites
• Restricted to
successional
forests
• Species ordination
shows a floristic
gradient
Tng et al. 2015
9. Drivers of P. cattleyanum invasion
West facing aspects
Forest canopy height
Soil CEC
Soil pH
Q1: Environmental drivers of P. cattleyanum invasion of closed forest?
+ve
-ve
-ve
+ve
Tng et al. 2015
10. Traits
SPECIES FAMILY
Ardisia brevipedata Primulaceae
Guioa acutifolia Sapindaceae
Guioa lasioneura Sapindaceae
Haplostichanthus submontanus Annonaceae
Helicia nortoniana Proteaceae
Macaranga inamoena Euphorbiaceae
Pilidiostigma tropicum Myrtaceae
Rhodamnia sessiliflora Myrtaceae
Neolitsea dealbata Lauraceae
Brackenridgea australiana Ochnaceae
Myrsine porosa Primulaceae
Tasmannia insipida Winteraceae
Eupomatia laurina Eupomatiaceae
Archirhodomyrtus beckleri Myrtaceae
Psidium cattleianum Myrtaceae
Macaranga involucrata Euphorbiaceae
Wikstroemia indica Thymelaeaceae
Rhodomyrtus pervagata Myrtaceae
Mallotus mollissimus Euphorbiaceae
Melastoma malabathricum Melastomataceae
Rhodomyrtus canescens Myrtaceae
Trema tomentosa Cannabaceae
• Seed size
• WD
• Leaf mass per
unit area
• for a number of
understorey
shrubs and
pioneer shrubs
in the region
Q2: Functional differences between P.
cattleyanum and understorey shrubs?
Shade-tolerant
shrubs
Shade-intolerant
11. Leaf mass
per unit area
Seed length Wood density
Q2: Functional differences between P. cattleyanum and understorey shrubs?
12. In multivariate space…
• Scaled trait data
0-1 & ordinated
species
Stress: 0.117
Larger
seeds
Axis
2
Axis 1
Denser wood
Higher leaf mass
per unit area
Q2: Functional differences between P. cattleyanum and understorey shrubs?
14. Regenerative ability
• Frequent asexual
regenerative
ability
Q2: Functional differences between P. cattleyanum and
understorey shrubs?
15. • Thicket forming ability
Q2: Functional differences between P. cattleyanum and
understorey shrubs?
16. Very high
propagule
pressure
• Large copious crop of sweet
edible fruits
• Attractive to native birds,
bats, ?pigs
• Signs of margin extensions,
nucleations & irruptions
across landscape
Q2: Functional differences between P.
cattleyanum and understorey shrubs?
17. • Tolerance of both high and low light environments
Q2: Functional differences between P. cattleyanum and understorey shrubs?
18. • Resistance to Myrtle rust
(Austropuccinia psidii)
• Resistance to herbivory
• Potentially allelopathic
on surrounding plants
(Antonelli et al. 2020)
Q2: Functional differences between P. cattleyanum and understorey shrubs?
19. Conclusion
• So far, Psidium cattleyanum has not been detected
frequently in mature rainforest, but infestations in
secondary forest may severely alter rainforest successional
trajectories in certain landscape settings
• Traits of a “super-invader”. Sleeper weed in many places
• Eradication practically impossible. Management will require
a combination of strategies. Physical, chemical ?biological
• Monitoring needed
20. References
Antonelli, L., Morelli, T. M., Yockey, K., Miyake, B., Talia, M., Sinclair,
T., & Marahatta, S. P. (2020) Research Note Utilizing Psidium
cattleianum leaves as a pre-emergent bio-herbicide: A study on its
allelopathic effects on the in vitro germination of Lactuca sativa
seeds. Pac. Agric. Nat. Resour. 10, 1-4
Martin P. H., Canham C. D., Marks P. L. (2009) Why forests appear
resistant to exotic plant invasions: intentional introductions stand
dynamics and the role of shade tolerance. Front. Ecol. Environ. 7,
142-149.
Tng, D. Y., Goosem, M. W., Paz, C. P., Preece, N. D., Goosem, S.,
Fensham, R. J., & Laurance, S. G. (2016). Characteristics of the
Psidium cattleianum invasion of secondary rainforests. Austral Ecol.,
41, 344-354.