This document discusses degrees of family relationships and kinships in genealogy. It begins by explaining that kinships are words used to describe relationships between two family members. It then discusses different ways of describing kinships, including using common language, Germanic counting, and Latin counting. It also defines different kinds of kinships such as straight line, collateral, and affinity. The document concludes by discussing how DNA results can provide information about kinships.

2. “How to explain degrees of
family relationships”
Gonzalo A. Luengo O.
Teacher of English
Author of the blog “Genes de familia”, http://genesdefamilia.blogspot.com
Member of the Chilean Institute of Genealogical Researching
Member of the Genealogical and Historical Institute of Ñuble
Background: Delle famiglie nobili Napoletane, Ammirato, Scipione, 1531-1601 Adams, John, 1735-1826, former
owner. BRL John Adams Library (Boston Public Library) BRL. Public Domain. Taken from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Delle_famiglie_nobili_Napoletane_(1580)_(14760555526).jpg

5. Kinships
•Kinships are words that explain the family
relationships between two people.
•In genealogy it is necessary to manage a
standardized vocabulary to explain
relationships, thus we need to understand
and learn about it.

6. Kinships
In addition, it should always be borne in mind
that the Catholic Church regulates marriages
between relatives until today in its canon
1091. This is an impediment. Investigating a
marriage between cousins can mean a better
understanding of the genealogy of that
family. The church prevents relatives until the
fourth degree of consanguinity from getting
married unless they have a dispensation. For
this, relatives who marry expose the causes
that are almost always poverty of the bride,
older age of the same, that there is already a
pregnancy and/or that the relationship is
already publicly known.
Image: 1445, Roger van der Weyden, Matrimony, ''The Seven Sacraments''. No copyrights, tomado
de https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Weyden_Matrimony.jpg.

7. Parts of this class
• Kinships in the common language
• Kinships using Germanic counting
• Kinships using Latin counting
• Kinds of kinships
• 2 exercises to practice
• Kinships and results of DNA

8. Kinships in common language

9. Common language kinships, Spanish
TAKE AS
REFERENCE
THE SAME
GENERATION

10. Kinships using Germanic counting
•They are widely used in genealogy because it was
the way to count degrees of consanguinity before
1983 in the Catholic Church.
Saint Peter square, by François Malan, 2005, CC BY-SA 3.0. Taken from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vatican_StPeter_Square.jpg

11. Kinships using Germanic counting

12. 1983

13. Kinships using Latin counting

14. Kinds of kinship
• Straight or straight
line: refers to
relatives who are
ascendants (such
as parents,
grandparents,
great-
grandparents, etc.)
or descendants
(children,
grandchildren,
great-
grandchildren,
etc.).

15. Kinds of kinship
•Collateral (also called transversal) PURE
collateral: that is, with someone with
whom ancestors are shared in common
and are from the same generation (they
are on the same generational level).
There are two cases in general: siblings
and cousins in any grade.

16. Kinds of kinship
Collateral (also called transversal) PURE collateral:

17. Kinds of kinship
•Collateral (also called transversal) MIXED
collateral: that is, that the relatives we are
comparing, are not at the same generational
level. Example: uncles and nephews. It is also
called unequal.

18. Kinds of kinship
Collateral (also called transversal) MIXED collateral:

19. Kinds of kinship
•Affinity: it is also called political kinship and
is counted in the same way, but referring to
the relatives of a couple or spouse. For
example: first degree of affinity explains that
I am the brother-in-law of my partner or
spouse’s siblings, in the German count.

20. Exercise 1
Explain the posible kinship between Benito Viacaba and Rosa Múrtula
using common language:
1. One is uncle or aunt of the other.
2. Both are cousins.
3. Both are grandsons of the same grandparents
...Mother Church, found that they are linked with the
impediment of consanguinity in first degree with the second
degree of transversal inequality, as seen in the genealogical
tree attached...

22. Ejercicio 2
“...consanguinity in third grade because Emerejildo Salazar, grandfather of the bride brother (sic) of
Santiago Salazar who is grandfather of the groom...”.
What kind of relationship does this couple have in their first exposed impediment?
1. Pure colateral.
2. Mixed colateral.
3. Inequal colateral.

24. Kinships and DNA results

25. Kinships and DNA results

26. Kinships and DNA results

27. Kinships and DNA results

28. Kinships and DNA results

29. Kinships and DNA results

30. Kinships and DNA results

31. Kinships and DNA results

32. Kinships and DNA results

33. Kinships and DNA results

34. Kinships and DNA results

35. Kinships and DNA results

37. All materials are available in:
http://bit.ly/kinships
http://genesdefamilia.blogspot.com
http://www.facebook.com/genesdefamilia