How to describe the object
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This document describes two objects: a calculator and an air cooler. It defines each object, provides a diagram, lists their components, and explains how each works. Calculators are electronic machines that perform mathematical calculations using a display screen, keys, and battery. Air coolers are devices that cool air through the evaporation of water, using a fan, pump, water tank, and cooling pad. They work by cooling air through the evaporation process and are effective in dry climates but air conditioners provide better relief in humid areas since air coolers require periodically refilled water tanks.
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Refrigeration and air conditioning (full note)
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refrigeration systems. Air refrigeration system- Bell Coleman cycle - C.O.P.
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References
1. Refrigeration and air conditioning - Ballaney P. L.
2. Refrigeration and air conditioning - Stocker W. F.
3. Refrigeration and air conditioning - Jordan and Protester
4. Principles of Refrigeration - Roy J. Dossat
Performance Enhancement of an Air Conditioner with Condensate Mist Cooled Con...
This paper presents a simple and efficient methodology to design a household (and can also be used for
commercial air conditioning purposes) air conditioner, predicts the performance of air conditioning unit and
how the thermal performance can be improved, when the water mist system is coupled with the air cooled
conditioner as a pre-cool for condenser inlet air to increase the cooling capacity, and decrease the compressor
power consumption. Inputs for formulation include inlet air DBT and humidity ratio, air velocity, water
temperature and flow rate, and geometrical properties of evaporative medium. Generally air conditioning
units are used for small and medium scale residential buildings and the large units are used for the
commercial purposes. Therefore, more energy efficiency and lower cost are needed along with reliable control
for the air conditioning units. The influence of condenser and evaporator inlet air temperatures on the cooling
capacity and power consumption has been investigated and presented. It has been found that due to the
coupling of water mist with air cooled condenser, the cooling capacity of the air-cooled,air conditioner can be
increased up to 17.5%, and the compressor power consumption can be reduced up to 15.5%. Thus, it is
concluded that the application of water mist condenser, inlet air pre-cooling could increase the COP by up to
37%, especially when the ambient relative humidity is low[10].
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 1CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 2.docx
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 1
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 2
Aerated Pond Example Problem
Use the data below to design a partial mix aerated pond with three cells of equal volume.
Parameter Value
Design flow rate = 3,850 m3/day
Influent BOD5 = 310 mg/L
Effluent BOD5 = 30 mg/L
Reaction rate at 20 oC = 0.204 day-1
Influent temperature oC = 17 oC
Summer air temp. oC = Ta = 31 oC
Winter air temp. oC = Ta = 11 oC
Temperature correction coefficient = 1.03
a. Design for winter conditions.
b. Estimate the reaction rate k using Equation 3-5 and a temperature higher
than the winter air temperature, but lower than the influent water
temperature.
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 3
b. Estimate the reaction rate k using Equation 3-5 and a temperature higher
than the winter air temperature, but lower than the influent water
temperature.
Aerated Pond Design Example
Use T = 14oC as a first trial value.
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 4
Aerated Pond Design Example
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 5
c. Calculate the total detention time using Equation 3-7.
Aerated Pond Design Example
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 6
d. Calculate the volume of each reactor using the flow rate, number of cells,
and detention time.
Aerated Pond Design Example
e. Calculate the surface area of each cell using L:W=3, and a depth of 4.0 m.
For this problem, assume the ponds have vertical walls.
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 7
f. Check the pond temperature using the temperatures provided for this
problem, the surface area you just calculated, and Equation 3-6. If this
temperature is more than 10% different than your assumed temperature,
then use the calculated temperature from Equation 3-6 and start over
from Step b above.
Aerated Pond Design Example
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 8
Aerated Pond Design Example
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 9
g. Calculate the effluent from Cell 1 using the equation we derived on
Lecture 18 Page 2.
Aerated Pond Design Example
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 10
h. For the second cell, calculate the water temperature (Tw) and rate
constant k at that temperature, then calculate the BOD. The volume,
surface area, and HRT stay the same for all cells.
Aerated Pond Design Example
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 11
i. For the third cell, make the same calculations using the temperature of
the influent water from Cell 2.
Aerated Pond Design Example
j. The concentration is slightly higher than 30 mg/L because of the
decreasing k values as temperature decreased in the cells.
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 12
k. Prepare a summary table showing the volume, length, width, and depth
of your ponds and provide a sketch.
Aerated Pond Design Example
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 13
If you set this up as a spreadsheet it is easy to alter the HRT for the cells and
adjust the outflow concentration of the last cell to <= 30 mg/L.
Aerated Pond Design Example
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 14
If you set this up as a spreadsheet it is easy to alter the HRT for the cells and
adju ...
R&ac lecture 25
This document outlines the objectives and content of a lecture on analyzing complete vapor compression refrigeration systems. The key points are:
1. It will discuss the importance of analyzing full systems and the graphical and analytical methods used.
2. It will cover the performance characteristics of compressors, condensers, evaporators, and expansion valves.
3. It will examine how to determine the balance point of a complete system by matching the characteristics of its individual components.
FYPP
Four students designed and modeled a counter flow cooling tower for an air conditioning system with 578 ton cooling capacity. They developed a thermodynamic model based on Merkel's theory and implemented it in a computer program. Their model determined the optimal water to air mass flow ratio matched the cooling tower characteristic and packing function. Their results showed the cooling tower area increases with higher inlet air humidity and larger temperature range.
Hvac systems
All the technical aspects discussed will be limited to the design, application, methods for operating and control, and services of HVAC systems in the Central Utility Complex (CUC). The HVAC systems at Bahrain Airport are limited to Cooling and Air Handling Unit (AHU).
Jean-Paul Gibson: Analysis Of An Open Feedwater Heater System
People often look surprised when I tell them that Thermodynamics was probably one of my favorite classes in school. This was the final project for my Thermo II class and was intended to be done in groups. I wanted to challenge myself to a near unnecessary limit by completing this entire project myself. The purpose of this project was to determine the optimum operating pressure for the feedwater heater for a power cycle (from a selected problem in the textbook). However the primary focus, and most difficult task, was writing a program in C++ to calculate multiple values for a selected problem in our textbook. I quite literally had to teach myself how to program in C++ well beyond the basics I had learned in an intro class. This program had to be capable of cross referencing multiple reference tables in the back of the book, each having dozens of values which had to be manually typed in. Which reference tables it pulled values from was dependent on the user inputted turbine efficiency and feedwater heater pressure. It easily took me over a month to debug and test this program to ensure it was always going to the correct reference tables to pull data when outputting the calculations it performed.
Update on 7/2/2016: I did attempt to make another program that would allow the user to type in any feedwater heater pressure rather than make a selection from values there was a reference table for in the back of the back. The program used a method of interpolation to obtain all the data needed to perform all the calculations that were outputted. I don't remember the last time I attempted to run that version of the program, but I seem to recall getting impossible answers outputted. This indicated to me that a more complicated method of interpolating values was required, or I just couldn't get it to work correctly. I ultimately decided against pursuing that version of the program any further. Just getting it work correctly with a predefined list of pressures to select from was difficult enough.
Carbonare Nicolas - Zusammenfassung MA
This thesis analyzes the performance of a steam jet ejector chiller solar cooling system installed at Hochschule Karlsruhe during the summer of 2015. Key findings include:
1) The system operated reliably on days with temperatures under 32°C and provided the desired building cooling, though average cooling capacity was lower than the chiller's nominal rating.
2) Data analysis software was developed to evaluate seasonal performance indicators like collectors' yield, utilization factor, and COP values.
3) Over the summer, 25 operative days provided a total of 3,951 kWh of useful cooling while consuming 1,226 kWh of electricity. Thermal and electrical COP were 0.36 and 3.22 respectively
Cw24640644
The document describes a study on controlling thermal comfort in passenger vehicles using a fuzzy controller. The researchers developed a mathematical model of an automobile cabin and designed a fuzzy logic controller to regulate the cabin temperature. They defined input and output variables for the controller relating to temperature error and blower power. Nine fuzzy rules were created to map inputs to outputs. Simulation results showed the fuzzy controller was able to maintain thermal comfort while minimizing energy consumption.
133 subhash presentation 1
This document presents a theoretical analysis of the thermal and thermohydraulic performance of solar air heaters with finned absorber plates. Mathematical models are developed to analyze rectangular and triangular finned absorber plates. Effects of mass flow rate on parameters like collector efficiency factor, heat removal factor, temperature rise and efficiency are analyzed. The concept of effective efficiency is introduced to account for both thermal gain and pumping power losses. Results show that finned absorber plates can enhance thermal efficiency by up to 34% compared to flat plate absorbers. However, increased heat transfer also increases pressure drop, so optimization is needed to balance thermal and hydraulic performance.
Cooling tower
This document provides an overview of cooling towers. It begins with introductions and definitions, explaining that cooling towers reject heat from condenser water to the ambient air. It then discusses cooling tower fundamentals, components, performance factors like approach and effectiveness. It outlines the heat transfer process. It describes the two main types of cooling towers: natural draft and mechanical draft. Finally, it lists several parameters for assessing cooling tower performance, such as range, approach, effectiveness, cooling capacity, and cycles of concentration.
Scheduling of gas turbine compressor washing
This document summarizes a method for optimally scheduling gas turbine compressor washing to minimize fuel consumption and emissions. It describes a dynamic model for estimating compressor degradation over time using a Kalman filter. It then presents an economic optimization model that considers fuel and maintenance costs to determine the optimal schedule and types of compressor washes (online, offline, idle) to maximize efficiency. Simulations showed potential fuel and cost savings compared to a fixed maintenance schedule by optimizing the timing and types of washes over a one-year period.
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Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Design Calculations for Solar Water Heating System
Design Calculations for Solar Water Heating System
Performance Enhancement of an Air Conditioner with Condensate Mist Cooled Con...
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CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 1CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 2.docx
CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 1CENE 599 Sp16 Lecture 19 2.docx
Jean-Paul Gibson: Analysis Of An Open Feedwater Heater System
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How to describe the object
- 1. By Dawle A P
- 2. Object Description Definition Diagram Components Working
- 3. Object Description For example Calculator Definition: A calculator is an electronic machine that automatically performs mathematical calculations.
- 5. Object Description: Calculator Components: Display Screen Keys Battery
- 6. Object Description: Calculator Working and use: MC Memory Clear M+ Memory Addition M- Memory Subtraction MR Memory Recall C or AC All Clear CE Clear (last) ÷ Division × Multiplication - Subtraction + Addition = Result
- 7. Object Description example no. 2 Air Cooler Definition: Air cooler is a device that cools air through the evaporation of water.
- 8. Object Description: Air Cooler Diagram
- 9. Object Description: Air Cooler Components: Fan Pump Water Tank Cooling Pad
- 10. Object Description: Air Cooler Working and use: An air cooler can be an affordable and economical alternative to air conditioning. Air coolers work on the principle of heat loss during the evaporation process, resulting in cooler air. They are much more effective in a very dry climate. In a more humid climate, an air conditioner will give greater relief from the heat. Since an air cooler works on the principle of evaporation, it uses a water tank that must be filled periodically.