How does the Socratic Method or Elenchus proceed to discover wisdom.pdf
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How does the Socratic Method or Elenchus proceed to discover wisdom? Solution The socratic method for seeking wisdom is the most effective route to discovering unique insights that transend standerd reflection,introspection or contemplation.The Socratic method is simply the discipline of obtaining answers through continual questioning that can last for days ,months or even years.The wisdom results from having the discipline and courage to keep asking questions,even when the subject matter seems too difficult or fearful to ponder. The socratic method also teaches us that a revolutionary answer may not be the ultimate discovery.instead,it may just be a transitional answer that leads to another question,that draws us closer to the truth.The socratic method leads to insight as each piece of the puzzle starts to fit. Socratic goal in using the elenchus seems to be split in several ways.The knowledge of virtuous living,and there is the acknowledgement of ones own ignorence,is known as socratic wisdom..
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PSYCHOLOGY : COGNITIVE FUNCTION THINKING
TOPIC: THINKING
Specific objective:
1. Introduce Thinking
2. Definition
3. Nature
4. Influencing factors of thinking
5. Types
6. Levels
7. Stages of development
8. Relationship of language and communication.
9. Reasoning
INTRODUCTION
People think-that’s obvious. Human are rational beings & our rationality consists in our ability to think & reason. It is because of our capacity for better thinking that we are superior to other animals in learning & in making adjustment. During most of our waking hours, & even when we are asleep & dreaming, we are thinking.
DEFINITION
1. Thinking is an activity concerning ideas, symbolic in character initiated by a problem or task which the individual is facing, involving some trial & error but under the directing influence of that problem & ultimately leading to a conclusion or solution of the problem.
-Warren
2. Thinking is the organization & reorganization of current learning in the present circumstances with the help of learning & past experiences. ---------Vinacke (1968)
3. Thinking is the perceptual relationship which provides for the solution of the problem.
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NATURE
• It is essentially a cognitive activity.
• It is always directed to achieve some end or purpose.
• It is described as a problem-solving behavior.
• It is a symbolic activity.
• It is mental exploration instead of motor exploration.
• It can shift very rapidly.
• It is internal activity.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THINKING
1. Thinking process starts with sensation which is organized in cognition to have the perception.
2. It is always directed towards achieving some purpose.
3. Thinking is described as a problem solving behavior.
4. Thinking is a symbolic activity in thinking a mental solution of the problem is carried out though some signs symbols and mental images
INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THINKING
1. Strong motivation
2. Application and interest
3. Alertness and flexibility:
4. Intelligence
5. Limitations of time
6. Absence of emotions
7. Impact of superstition
8. Knowledge of language
9. Concepts
10. Contact with society
TYPES
1. Perceptual or concrete thinking
2. Conceptual or abstract thinking
3. Creative thinking
4. Logical thinking/ reasoning
5. Problem solving
6. Convergent Vs Divergent thinking
1. Perceptual or concrete thinking
• It is based on perception.
• Perception is the process of interpretation of sensation according to one’s experience.
• It is also called concrete thinking as it is carried over the perception of actual or concrete & events.
• It is one-dimensional & literal thinking which has limited use of metaphor without understanding nuances of meaning.
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Laboratory Report Antibiotics Results Table 14.2 Antibiotic Suscepti.pdf
Laboratory Report: Antibiotics Results Table 14.2 Antibiotic Susceptibility (Modified Kirby-
Bauer Test) zone svR zone svR zone surMR zone SAR zone svR zone svRe Intermediate, and S
Questions 1. What relationship did you find, if any. between the Gram-staining reaction of a
microorganism and its susceptibility to an antibiotic? 2. Did you observe any small colonies
growing in the zone of inhibition around the antibiotic disc? Explain how this might occur.
Exercise /4 Antibiotics 14-5
Solution
1..
It is thermodynamically possible for a prokaryotic microorganism to .pdf
It is thermodynamically possible for a prokaryotic microorganism to oxidize S for energy and
electrons, use Fe+++ as a respiratory electron acceptor, reduce CO2 for carbon and reduce N2
for nitrogen, but such an organism is not known to exist. Why? Why can consortia of
microorganisms perform energy transduction processes that individual populations cannot?
Examples?
Solution
Prokaryotes do not possess membrane bound organells such as mitochondria, nucleus,
endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, etc. Hence bacteria can not separate metabolically
incompatible biochemical reactions in descrete components. Thats why bacteria with all the
given features is not known to exist.
The solution to the the problem of compartmentalization is to form association with other
organisms with distinct capabilities of carrying out various biochemical ractions. Bacteria can be
protected from inhibitory environmental factors such as exposure to hihg level of oxygen. Hense
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PSYCHOLOGY : COGNITIVE FUNCTION THINKING
TOPIC: THINKING
Specific objective:
1. Introduce Thinking
2. Definition
3. Nature
4. Influencing factors of thinking
5. Types
6. Levels
7. Stages of development
8. Relationship of language and communication.
9. Reasoning
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People think-that’s obvious. Human are rational beings & our rationality consists in our ability to think & reason. It is because of our capacity for better thinking that we are superior to other animals in learning & in making adjustment. During most of our waking hours, & even when we are asleep & dreaming, we are thinking.
DEFINITION
1. Thinking is an activity concerning ideas, symbolic in character initiated by a problem or task which the individual is facing, involving some trial & error but under the directing influence of that problem & ultimately leading to a conclusion or solution of the problem.
-Warren
2. Thinking is the organization & reorganization of current learning in the present circumstances with the help of learning & past experiences. ---------Vinacke (1968)
3. Thinking is the perceptual relationship which provides for the solution of the problem.
-Maier
NATURE
• It is essentially a cognitive activity.
• It is always directed to achieve some end or purpose.
• It is described as a problem-solving behavior.
• It is a symbolic activity.
• It is mental exploration instead of motor exploration.
• It can shift very rapidly.
• It is internal activity.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THINKING
1. Thinking process starts with sensation which is organized in cognition to have the perception.
2. It is always directed towards achieving some purpose.
3. Thinking is described as a problem solving behavior.
4. Thinking is a symbolic activity in thinking a mental solution of the problem is carried out though some signs symbols and mental images
INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THINKING
1. Strong motivation
2. Application and interest
3. Alertness and flexibility:
4. Intelligence
5. Limitations of time
6. Absence of emotions
7. Impact of superstition
8. Knowledge of language
9. Concepts
10. Contact with society
TYPES
1. Perceptual or concrete thinking
2. Conceptual or abstract thinking
3. Creative thinking
4. Logical thinking/ reasoning
5. Problem solving
6. Convergent Vs Divergent thinking
1. Perceptual or concrete thinking
• It is based on perception.
• Perception is the process of interpretation of sensation according to one’s experience.
• It is also called concrete thinking as it is carried over the perception of actual or concrete & events.
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The Thrill of Curiosity Unveiling the World of 'I'm Feeling Curious' .pdf
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microorganism and its susceptibility to an antibiotic? 2. Did you observe any small colonies
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Exercise /4 Antibiotics 14-5
Solution
1..
It is thermodynamically possible for a prokaryotic microorganism to .pdf
It is thermodynamically possible for a prokaryotic microorganism to oxidize S for energy and
electrons, use Fe+++ as a respiratory electron acceptor, reduce CO2 for carbon and reduce N2
for nitrogen, but such an organism is not known to exist. Why? Why can consortia of
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Examples?
Solution
Prokaryotes do not possess membrane bound organells such as mitochondria, nucleus,
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incompatible biochemical reactions in descrete components. Thats why bacteria with all the
given features is not known to exist.
The solution to the the problem of compartmentalization is to form association with other
organisms with distinct capabilities of carrying out various biochemical ractions. Bacteria can be
protected from inhibitory environmental factors such as exposure to hihg level of oxygen. Hense
consortia of microorganisms perform energy transduction processes that individual population
can not.
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in what ways are virtual and learning organizations different fr.pdf
in what ways are virtual and learning organizations different from the typical organization
in what ways are virtual and learning organizations different from the typical organization
in what ways are virtual and learning organizations different from the typical organization
Solution
Difference between Virtual Learning organization and Typical/Conventional organization
Point of Difference
Virtual Learning Organization
Typical/Conventional Organization
Physical Structure
Virtual organizations lack a physical structure and exist as an amorphous and imaginary reality
in the mind of people using the cyber space as a means of operation
Conventional organizations are defined by tangible assets, office space and actual people you can
see and touch.
Geography
Virtual organizations are boundary-less
conventional organizations are confined to one or more geographical locations
Mobility:
Workers in virtual organizations are mobile and not confined because of the availability of a
communication infrastructure (the internet, extranet and organizational portals)
Workers in conventional organizations are static and confined
Flexibility
but virtual organizations are built around people that form the organization.
Conventional organizations have a rigid structure of hierarchy, bureaucracy, rules and
regulations that do not allow for flexibility
Communication
The sophistication required to maintain effective communication in a virtual organization is
higher
The sophistication required to maintain effective communication in a conventional organization
is marginal.
Assessment
Virtual organizations require frequent and continuous assessment of goals and corporate
objective
Conventional organizations not require frequent and continuous assessment of goals and
corporate objective
Learning
Virtual organizations relies on ‘knowledge assets’ more
Virtual organizations relies on ‘knowledge assets’ less
Point of Difference
Virtual Learning Organization
Typical/Conventional Organization
Physical Structure
Virtual organizations lack a physical structure and exist as an amorphous and imaginary reality
in the mind of people using the cyber space as a means of operation
Conventional organizations are defined by tangible assets, office space and actual people you
can see and touch.
Geography
Virtual organizations are boundary-less
conventional organizations are confined to one or more geographical locations
Mobility:
Workers in virtual organizations are mobile and not confined because of the availability of a
communication infrastructure (the internet, extranet and organizational portals)
Workers in conventional organizations are static and confined
Flexibility
but virtual organizations are built around people that form the organization.
Conventional organizations have a rigid structure of hierarchy, bureaucracy, rules and
regulations that do not allow for flexibility
Communication
The sophistication required to maintain effective communication in a virtual organization is
hi.
For discrete random variables define the probability mass function a.pdf
For discrete random variables define the probability mass function and the cumulative
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Solution
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P(X=x) for all x in range of X
Cumulative distribution function is defined as F(x) = P(X <= x) for all values in range of X.
Explain the roles of apoptosis in development of the tissues and org.pdf
Explain the roles of apoptosis in development of the tissues and organs of an organism.
Solution
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most typical form of cell death that is operated by a series of events controlled by genes
(programmed cell death). The cellular fragments of an apoptotic cell are ingested by the
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Solution
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Describe the mechanism that allows a cell to take up specific molecules from the extracellular
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Solution
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Define information architecture and explain its importance in the web development process.
Solution
Information architecture is a more difficult field to define than many others. Unlike content
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conditions on blood agar. Following incubation for 18 hours, small gray colonies surrounded by
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Adherence. To phagocytic cells (e.g., macrophages) and nonphagocytic cells (e.g., enterocytes).
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Destruction of the endosome. The virulence factor listeriolysin forms pores in the endosomal
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Replication of the listeriae in the cytoplasm of infected cells.
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Briefly describe the four IEEE 802.11i phases of operationSolut.pdf
Briefly describe the four IEEE 802.11i phases of operation?
Solution
The main thing we have to do is correct tap on the system status notice symbol and open the
Network and Sharing Center from the setting menu.
At that point tap on the Change connector settings hyperlink on the left-hand side of the Network
and Sharing Center.
Presently right-tap on the system connector you wish to change the DNS settings for and select
properties from the setting menu.
At the point when the properties for your system connector open, you should choose Internet
Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) from the rundown, then snap properties.
Our illustration will have opened the IPv4 settings for your system connector. You will find in
the base portion of the discourse that your PC is set to get its DNS settings \"consequently\". You
should change that with the goal that we can physically determine the DNS servers we need to
utilize. Presently basically pick an administration underneath and enter the DNS server
addresses.
Google DNS
Favored: 8.8.8.8
Interchange: 8.8.4.4
OpenDNS
Favored: 208.67.222.222
Interchange: 208.67.220.220
We selected to run with Google DNS for the time being — while they could utilize this
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B) Based on the allele frequency for this trait in the population, w.pdf
B) Based on the allele frequency for this trait in the population, what assumptions would you
make about the genotype of each outsider in this family tree if you were expecting it to be a
recessive trait? Explain your reasoning.
C) You collect phenotypic data from the living family member and determine that the following
family members have tooth agenesis
Affected member of this family are: II2, II4, II7, II8, III2, III4, III5, III7, III8, IV1, IV2
Which, if any, modes of inheritance may be ruled out for this family? Briefly explain your
reasoning for each mode you rule out (use table below).
D) Are the two sets of twins in this family identical or fraternal twins? What is the basis of your
answer?
E) If III-2 and III-7 married and had a child, what is the probability that their child would have
tooth agenesis? State the mode of inheritance that you think is most likely for this tree. Show
your calculations based on that mode of inheritance.
Mode of Inheritance:
Probability:Rule out? (Yes or No)Rationaleautosomal dominantautosomal recessiveX-linked
dominantX-linked recessive
Solution
A) The outsiders of the family tree are
II-1, II-5, II-6, II-9, III-1
B) The genotype of outsiders are as under
II-1, a carrier, because one of the offspring is affected (III-2).
II-5, affected, because both of its offsprings are affected (III-4, III-5).
II-6, normal, also not a carrier, because its offspring is normal (III-6).
II-9, affected, because both of its offsprings are affected (III-7, III-8)
III-1, affected, because both of its offsprings are affected (IV-1, IV-2).
C)
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offspring of the affected parent (II-7) is normal.
The inheitance is not X-linked dominant nor X-linked recessive, because both male and female
are affected.
D) The two sets of twins in this family- one set is identical and other is fraternal twins
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Twins (II-7, II-8) are identical twins, because both the twins are affected.
E) If III-2 and III-7 married, their 100% probability that the child would have tooth agenesis.
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Art labeling Activity. Organs of the Abdominopelvic Cavity (1 of 2, Cato Gallbladder
Ascending colon Ileocecal sphincter Mesentery Pancreas ileum urinary bladder Duodenum Right
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Solution
In first picture
1st Top most label is for lobe under liver is for Gall bladder.
2nd label is for right lateral lobe of liver.
3rd label is for Duodenum
4th label is for Pancreas
5th label is for Ascending colon
6th label is for Ileocecal sphincter/junction
7th label is for Cecum
8th label is for ileum
9th label is for Urinary bladder
10th label in the right side is for Mesentery
In second picture
1st Top most label is for Falciform ligament.
2nd label is for Location of pyloric sphincter.
3rd label is for Jejunum
4th label is for Descending colon
1st Top most label in the right side is for Left medial lobe of Liver.
2nd label in the right side is for Left lateral lobe of Liver.
3rd label in the right side is for Lesser omentum
4th label in the right side is for stomach
5th label in the right side is for Greater Omentum (retracted)
6th label in the right side is for Spleen.
Altitudinal zonation of vegetation on a mountain often resembles lat.pdf
Altitudinal zonation of vegetation on a mountain often resembles latitudinal distribution of
vegetation. Why is this? Where on a mountain would you expect to find alpine tundra?
Solution
Altitudinal zonation of vegetation on a mountain often resembles the latitudinal distribution of
vegetation because with the increase in altitude the temperature drops. The change in climate
with increasing altitude mimic the change in climate with changing latitude from tropics to the
poles. Due to the change in the climate, the vegetation also resembles the corresponding zones in
the latitudes.
Alpine tundra are expected on the top of the mountains at 11,500 -14750 feet above the sea level..
A Type I error occurs when we Do not reject the null hypothesis when.pdf
A Type I error occurs when we Do not reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false
Reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false Do not reject the null hypothesis when it is
actually true Reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true
Solution
Type I error is the probability of rejecting the true null hypothesis. So option:
\"Reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true. \".
An org^+ cys^+ his^+ met pro bacterial strain is known to be lysoge.pdf
An org^+ cys^+ his^+ met pro bacterial strain is known to be lysogenic for a newly discovered
phage that undergoes specialized transduction. The bacterial chromosome map is... The
lysogenic strain is used as a source of the phage, and the phages are added to a bacterial strain of
genotype org cys his met pro. After a brief incubation, samples of these phage-exposed
bacteria are plated on five different types of minimal media (1-5), with the supplementations as
indicated in the following table. A plus sign means the minimal media contained that particular
supplement (indicated at the top of each column), a minus sign means the media was missing
that supplement. Based on this information, tell me whether or not you\'d find colonics (growth)
on each of the five media if specialized transduction occurred. OK cool. Why would those
media have grown colonies?
Solution
a)Growth on each of the five media are:
1) N
2) C
3) N
4) C
5) N
N= no colonies are formed,C = colonies are formed
b)The media have grown colonies because these selected for cys+ or met+ transductants and
indicate that the prophage is located in cys-met region..
8. A cytologist needs to test if a virus replicates in the cytoplasm.pdf
8. A cytologist needs to test if a virus replicates in the cytoplasm or the nucleus of the live host
cells. The cytologist should use a _______ for the examination.
A. A SEM
B. A TEM
C. A darkfield LM
D. A high-end STED LM
E. A confocal microscope
Solution
Answer: (D). A high-end STED LM
STED LM or stimulated emission depletion light microscopy is used to visualize the replication
process of virus in live host cells. It is a newly invented light imaging technique with super
lateral resolution and aids in observing sub-cellular compartments which are not possible with
other microscopy techniques.
Hence a cytologist can use high-end STED LM to observe whether viruses are replicating in the
cytoplasm or nucleus of host cell..
15. If the goal is to make an inference about a population from a sam.pdf
15. If the goal is to make an inference about a population from a sample, and each member of
the population has an equally likely chance of being chosen for the sample, we say the sample
has been ____________ chosen. (Points : 10)
Solution
randomly
is the answer.
When each member has an equal chance, then there is absolutely no bias and the selection of one
or a group follows strictly a random process..
1) In the summer of 1998, after extrely hot, dry weather, the Georgi.pdf
1) In the summer of 1998, after extrely hot, dry weather, the Georgia corn harvest was expected
to be reduced by at least 25%. Using your knowledge of the dual functions of guard cells relative
to water retention and gasexchange, explain the reduction in photosynthetic productivity.
2) Plant cells have cell walls and animal cells do not. How does this difference relate to
differences in plant andanimal function?
3) Table 20.2 – Structure and Function of Plant CellsCell
TypeStructureFunctionPlantEpidermisGuard
CellsParenchymaCollenchymaSclerenchymaTracheidsVesselsSieve TubesEndodermisPrimary
MeristemsVascular CambiumPericyclePeridermRay Parenchyma
Solution
1). Plants draw water through roots, Cuticle is the outer covering o plants, which is a waxy
substance and it prevents the entry of water to and from stem and leaves. Cuticle contains
specialized pores called stomata, which allow the passage of o2 and co2 through it. The Stomata
contain two guard cells, they swell and shrink when water moves into and out of them and this
controls the loss of water from the leaf while allowing the passage of gases.
During summer, the guard cells remain closed for most of the time to avoid water loss at an
expense of reduced gaseous exchange. Means, less carbon dioxide (CO2) is available for
photosynthesis, which reduces the rate of photosynthesis in summer in corn plants..
Why are two phases of meiosis necessary In order to maximize variat.pdf
Why are two phases of meiosis necessary? In order to maximize variation in the next generation
In order to both reduce the chromosome number and separate sister chromatics. In order to
produce two daughter cells. In order to produce 4 gametes. All of these.
Solution
Answer - To Produce 4 gametes
Meiosis consist of two phases of cell division - Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes by half, and is thus known as reductional form of
cell division. This process is necessary for the formation of gametes for fertilization.
The number of daughter cells formed are four..
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