Tiers, Functions and Roles in Hospital Management

1. Hospital Management
Dr. Muhammad Imran Butt
Senior Demonstrator
Department of Community Medicine
Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala

2. Hospital
“A Hospital is a residential establishment which provides short-term and
long-term medical care consisting of observational, diagnostic, therapeutic
and rehabilitative services for persons suffering or suspected to be suffering
from a disease or injury and for parturient. It may or may not also provide
services for ambulatory patients on an out-patient basis”.

3. Management
“Art and science of getting the things done through others by the effective and
efficient use of resources in order to achieve the goals and objectives of the
organization.
Resources
 Human Resource
 Financial Resource
 Material/Physical Resource
 Informational etc.
(transformation of resources into utility)

4. “Management is planning, organizing, leading and controlling an organization
to accomplish the goals or targes of an organization.”

5. Universality of Management
Management is needed in all types and sizes of organizations, at all
organizational levels, in all organizational work areas and in all organizations,
no matter what country they are located in. This is known as the universality
of management.

6. Levels of Management
1. Top-level / Administrative level
2. Middle-level / Executory
3. Lower-level / Supervisory / First line managers

7. Manager
A manager is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other
people, so that organization’s goals can be accomplished. A manager’s job is
about helping others to do their work to achiece objectives and goals.
Effective Manager
Achieve objectives in given time frame
Efficient Manager
Achieve objectives in given time frame with least amount of resources

8. Qualities of a Good Manager
 Personal Characteristics
1. Self Motivation
2. Integrity
3. Reliability
4. Optimism
5. Confidence
6. Calmness
7. Flexibility

9.  Business Characteristics
1. Organization Knowledge
2. Delegation of Powers
3. Organization
4. Financial Management
5. Hierarchy
6. Legal implications

10.  Communication Qualities
1. Written communication
2. Public speaking
3. Constructive feedback
4. Active listening
5. Specific
6. Organizes the presentations

11.  Relationship Qualities
1. Customer Service
2. Mediator
3. Team player
4. Respect
5. Collaboration
6. Value others

12. Fayol’s Principals of Management
 Henry Fayol (1841-1925) is widely acknowledged as a founder of modern
management methods. He proposed that there were five primary functions
of management and fourteen principals of management, Lately scholars of
management combined the commanding and coordinating function into
one leading function. Henry Fayol, preferred term Administration for top
management. Fayol has given fourteen principals of management which
are as under:
1. Division of Labor
2. Authority and Responsibility
3. Discipline

13. 4. Unity of command
5. Unity of Directions
6. Subordination of Individual Interests
7. Remuneration
8. Centralization
9. Scalar chain (Chain of Command)
The chain of command from the highest to the lowest must be clearly laid
down and understood but there must be an inbuilt provision to short circuit
this chain in an emergency. This short circuiting is called gang plank.
10. Order
11. Equality

14. 12. Stability of Tenure
13. Initiative
14. Esprit de Corps (Team Spirit)

15. Management Functions
 A Hospital Administrator/Manager has to carry out the management
functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling.
 Management applies to all Hospitals (Government or Private; Profit
making or Charitable) and goal of all managers is the same i.e. to
maximize the output and it is only possible when there is effective and
efficient utilization of available resources.

16.  Planning
The planning function encompasses defining organization goals,
establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a
comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate activities of the
workers. Planning function increases more as managers move from lower
level to mid-level management.
 Organizing
Managers are also responsible for designing an organization’s structure.
This function is called organizing. It includes determining what tasks are to be
done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to
whom, and where decisions are to be made.
Management Functions

17.  Leading
Every organization has people and it is manager’s job to direct and coordinate
those people. This is leading function. When managers motivate employees,
direct their activities, select most effective communication channels or reduce
conflicts among members, they are engaging in Leading.
 Controlling
The final function managers perform is Controlling. To ensure that things are
going as they should, management should monitor the organization performance.
Actual performance is then compared with the previously set goals. If there are
any significant deviation, it is management's job to get the organization back on
track. This monitoring, comparing and correcting is what is meant by the
controlling function.