The document provides information about horses, including their evolution from small multi-toed creatures to modern single-toed animals. There are over 300 horse breeds worldwide that fall into three categories based on temperament: hot-blooded, cold-blooded, and warm-blooded. Some of the most popular breeds discussed are the American Quarter Horse, Arabian, Andalusian, Tennessee Walking Horse, Morgan, and Thoroughbred. Horses live in herds organized into bands led by a dominant mare and stallion, and can exhibit a variety of coat colors.

1. Horses
Equus ferus caballus

2. Horse History
• Horse history can betraced back to aprehistoric animal known as
the Candylarth which was about the size of amedium-sized dog
and they had five toes on eachfoot and thickened nails.
• Horses have beenaround for millions of years.
• Evolving over the past 45to 55million years, they have changed
from small multi-toed creatures into large, single-toed animals they
are today.
• Humans beganto domesticate horsesaround 4000BC and have
continued to do soeversince.

3. Horse Facts
• There are more than 300breeds of horses all over the world.
• Horse breeds are divided into three categories based on general
temperament:
• “Hot bloods"– Only 2recognized breeds:Arabians and
Thoroughbreds; known for their speed and endurance; their
temperament is considered difficult by some and passionate by
others
• “Cold bloods“–Draft horses and some ponies;
strong, rugged, durable animals suitable for slow, heavy work;
calm and good stable companions
• “Warm bloods“suchasAmerican Quarter HorsesandMustangs
were developed from crosses between hot bloods and cold bloods

4. Continued….
• Horses are prey animals and have developed the fight-or-flight response.
• Flight is the horse’s first responsebut they areknown to stand their groundif
necessaryto defend themselves or their offspring.
• There aremany types of disciplines that horses can beusedfor
• English riding – pleasure, jumping, dressage, showmanship
• Western riding – pleasure, horsemanship, reining, trail, showmanship
• Contesting – barrel racing, pole bending
• Cutting (herding)
• Rodeo events
• Trail riding
• Racing
• Driving carts
• Farm work

5. • Depending on the breed, care, and environment of the horse, their
life expectancy can range from 25to 30years.
• There arecasesof horses living well into their 40’s and50’s
however.
• Foal - Male or female horse lessthan 1yearold.
• Yearling - Male or female horse between 1and 2yearsold.
• Colt- Male horse between 2and 4years old
• Filly- Female horse between 2and 4years old.
• Mare - A female horse older than4years.
• Gelding- A castrated male horse older than 4years
• Stallion- A non-castrated male horse older than 4years.
Continued…..

6. 10 Most P o p u l a r Breeds
1) American Quarter Horse
• Runs the fastest quarter mile out of all of the breeds, thus getting the name
“Quarter Horse.”
• They should have amuscular neck, deep chest, sloping shoulders, and a
relatively small head with wide eyes and pointed ears.
• Used as an all around horse, participating in Western
pleasure, English, Contest, Herding, Trail riding, Racing, etc.
• Can run up to speeds of 55mph.
• They are the most popular breed in America today.

7. 2) Arabian Horse
• Originated on the Arabian Peninsula.
• They are one of the most easily recognizable horses in the world due to
their distinct head shape, arched neck, and how they hold their tail so high.
• They date back 4,500 years.
• Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of
riding horse.
• They are good-natured, quick to learn, and willing to please.
• They have ahigh spirit and alertness which is needed in ahorse once used
for raiding and war.
• They are good for showing English and endurance riding.

8. 3) Andalusian
• They arealso known asthe Pure Spanish Horse.
• They aremost commonly found in grey color, however areavailable in
different colors aswell.
• They were usedasatool of diplomacy by the Spanish government in the 15th
century.
• There aremore than 185,000Andalusian horses worldwide.

9. 4) Welsh Pony andCob
• They existed before 1600BC.
• They were used mostly for farming and in the cavalry.
• Originated in Whales in the United Kingdom.
• Has four sections: the Welsh Mountain Pony), the Welsh Pony (Section
B), the Welsh Pony of Cob Type (Section C), and the Welsh Cob(Section
D).
• They are known for their good temperament, hardiness, and free-moving
gaits.

10. 5) Tennessee Walking Horse
• Originated from the Southern United States.
• They were mainly usedon farms and plantations.
• They have amazing stamina.
• They arecommonly found in black, chestnut and bay colors.
• The TennesseeWalker is agaited horse known for its unique
four-beat "running walk" and flashy movements.
• They aregreat in the show ring for English and Western,but
aregreat for trail riding too.
• Black Allen is considered the foundation sire of thebreed
which meanshe is the first Tennessee Walker.
• They areoften seenin many movies.

11. 6) Morgan
hestate animal of Vermont a state horse of
• They arethe earliest American breed.
• There aremore than 132,000Morgan Horses have beenregistered all over
the world.
• They have beenusedfor harness racing, general riding, and ascavalry
horses during the American Civil War.
• They have strong legs, an expressive face, large eyes,well-defined
withers, laid back shoulders, an upright, well arched neck, and aclean cut
head.
• The Morgan is t nd the
sMassachusett

12. 7) Appaloosa
• They areone of the most popular breedsin United States.
• They originated from ancientGreece
• They areknown for their leopard-spotted coatpattern.
• They areprone to develop equine recurrent uveitis and congenital
stationary night blindness due to the samegenetics that causestheir leopard
coat.
• The Appaloosa is the mascot for the Florida State Seminoles.
• They have influenced other horse breeds, including the Pony of the
Americas, the Nez PerceHorse, and several gaited horse breeds

13. 8) Thoroughbred
• They arebest known for racing.
• They arealso known for their
agility, speedandspirit.
• Millions of Thoroughbreds exist
today, and more than 118,000foals are
registered eachyearworldwide.
• They can also beusedfor events suchas
show jumping, combined
training, dressage,polo, and fox hunting.
• They arecommonly crossbred to create
new breedsand even improve existing
ones.
• They have beeninfluential in the
creation of the Quarter Horse, Standard
bred,Anglo-Arabian, and various warm
blood breeds.

14. 9) Miniature Horse
• To beconsidered “miniature” ahorse must belessthan 34–38
inches (86–97 cm) and you measure from the last hairs of the
mane to the ground.
• They are great as family pets due to their gently, calm
personalities.
• They can be trained to be aservice animal just like dogs that
are used by people with disabilities.
• They are usually used for driving and showmanship in the
show ring.
• Although they are tiny, they still need to be treated like any
other horse.

15. 10)PaintHorse
• According to historians, the first paint horse was brought to the Americas
in 1519.
They arefound most commonly with white spots and acombination of
black, bay, gray, palomino, roan, buckskin, dun and chestnut.
• The American Paint Horse Association (APHA) is the secondlargest
breed registry in the United States.
• Due to there bloodlines, somesolid colored horses can beconsidered paint
even without any patches at all.
• Tobiano, Overo, and Tovero arethe three spot patterns found on paints

16. Herds• Horse herds are usually made up of several separate small groups who share a
given territory. Thesegroupsarecalled “bands.”
• Bands usually consist of 3to 35animals, one being an adult male and the rest
being agroup of females.
• Each band is led by adominate mare.
• The whole herd can range from 150-200horses and are led by one main mare also
known as“lead/bossmare.”
• The herd also has alead stallion whose purpose is to fight off predators and other
males.
• Herds change over time as young horses are kicked out, being forced to join other
groups and older stallions are challenged by the younger ones.
• Once dominance is obstained, aggression in the herd will be decreased due to
member submission and fear of injury.
• Herds will protect offspring at all costs, even if it puts themselves in
danger.

17. C o a t Colors
• Bay
• Chestnut
• Sorrel
• Black
• Gray
• Dun
• Buckskin
• White
• Palomino
• Perlino
• Roan
• Champagne
• Grullo/Grulla
• Cremello
Colored Breeds
Appaloosa
Paint/Pinto

18. By Rawan Mamdouh