This document summarizes organic hops production in the United States. It discusses the cultural requirements for growing organic hops including crop rotation, weed and pest management without synthetic pesticides. It also provides information on popular hops varieties grown in different regions as well as challenges with diseases like downy mildew. Recent research on organic hops production in New York is also mentioned.
It is about the major pest of cabbage ways to tackle the pest in an organized manner with lesser environmental damage alongside with the help of IPM principles.
It is about the major pest of cabbage ways to tackle the pest in an organized manner with lesser environmental damage alongside with the help of IPM principles.
Practical Guide to Hemp – An Educational and Legalization Guide for CannabisDave Olson
Created and published by hemplobby.org in June 1999 – over a decade before legalization of cannabis would come to the USA – this collection of history, agricultural information, plant botany, legal frameworks, factoids and further readings was distributed to legislators, policymakers, teachers, and activists around the world but primarily in Washington (State and DC) and Oregon.
Now that legislative change is sweeping across America – focused primarily on medical and recreational use – it's important to also remember the benefits of low/no THC industrial hemp which can be made into literally thousands of different products and help negate many conundrums around modern agriculture, climate change, and survival of family farms.
While much of the information is out of date, take a read through to see where Cannabis legalization and education were at the end of the last century.
Created by Ed Saukooja, Dave Olson and David White.
Garden Therapy: Links to Articles, Books, Profession Groups, DVDElisaMendelsohn
GARDENING THERAPY Resource List of Articles, Books, Manuals, DVD's, Training Programs and Professional Associations
TOPICS COVERED:
Horticulture Therapy
Healing Gardens
Sensory Gardens
Garden Therapy
Garden Therapy for the Disabled
Garden Therapy for the Mentally Challenged
Garden Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Garden Therapy for Depression
Garden Therapy for Autistic Children
Garden Therapy for the Blind and the Visually Impaired
Garden Therapy for Hospitals
Garden Therapy for Nursing Homes
Garden Therapy for Seniors
Garden Therapy for the Handicapped
Garden Therapy for Prisons, Jails and Correction Facilities
Garden Therapy for Botanical Garden
Garden Therapy and Community Gardens
Garden Therapy for Single Mothers
Garden Therapy for Stress
Garden Therapy for Veterans
Garden Therapy at Veterans Facilities
Garden Therapy for Soldiers
Garden Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
People Plant Connections
Gardening and Physical Fitness
Greenhouse and Garden Therapy for Disabled People
Accessible Gardening
Wheelchair Gardening
Vertical Gardening and Garden Therapy
Container Gardening and Garden Therapy
Adaptive Garden Equipment for Garden Therapy
Tools for Garden Therapy
Urban Trees and Mental Health
Parks and Garden Therapy
Nature and Learning
Greening School Grounds by Design
Garden Therapy for Schools
Plants in the Classroom for Enhanced Learning
Garden Therapy for Pre Schools
Garden Therapy for Daycare
Garden Therapy for Elementary School Bullies
Garden Therapy and Community Development
Garden Therapy and Food Security
Garden Therapy for Low Income People
Garden Therapy for Homeless People
Garden Therapy and Crime Reduction
Garden Therapy and Neighborhood Security
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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2. on growing roughly twice as many hills of natural predators, but if aphids get out of
aromatic hops (3 to 5% bitterness) as of bit- hand, the population can be set back with
tering hops (above 11% bitterness), making an insecticidal soap spray. Applications of
sure to leave enough space between vari- neem will also control aphids, as well as spi-
eties so that it is easy to keep the differ- der mites. Mites may be a problem, espe-
ent types of hops separate at harvest. About cially in hot, dry weather. There are some
four hills (plants) of aromatic hops and two natural enemies of mites, but the most effec-
hills of bittering hops are needed for every tive non-chemical control is a good cold rain
hundred gallons of beer. Each of the four to or a heavy hosing with cold water. Adequate
six vines arising from a hill produces four irrigation in dry periods will also reduce
to six ounces of dried hops.(3) mite damage by decreasing water stress on
the plants.
Hops can generally be well nourished
with abundant applications of compos- The biggest challenge may be finding a
ted manure, accompanied by roughly one source of organic hop rhizomes of the pre-
handful each of bonemeal and wood ash ferred varieties. Local brewing clubs may
per hill. Unlike many crops, hops tend to know of a source. A company that offers
I
produce better in soil with a relatively high female hop rhizomes on the Internet is Brew
n states where
proportion of phosphorus and potassium to Organic, of Santa Cruz, California.(4) Plant-
hops are com- nitrogen. Put another way, boosting nitro- ing stock is certified organic by CCOF. Brew-
monly grown, gen fertility does not tend to increase yields. ing networks mention Germany and Canada
the local Extension Hops also respond well to small amounts as preferred sources for planting stock.
Service may be able of boron—a small pinch of borax per hill
should be quite adequate.(3) In states where hops are commonly grown,
to provide informa- the local Extension Service may be able to
tion on planting Hops are vegetatively propagated from provide information on planting dates, vari-
dates and varieties root cuttings, and there are both male and eties to select, etc. In the past, Washington
female plants. Since only female flowers are State Extension has offered publications on
to select.
used in brewing, and hop seeds are a prob- growing hops, including crop budgets and
lem for brewers, make sure to obtain only irrigation information.
female rhizomes for planting. Normally,
hops are planted at about the same time as A recent publication (2000) listed preferred
early peas, and can tolerate freezes down to hops varieties (by quantity of production) for
20˚ F with a good straw mulch. Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.(5) This
Many growers of hops experience difficul- listing, along with one for the Northeast (7)
ties with downy mildew and Verticillium wilt. and an alphabetical list of varieties for Cali-
Both are fungal diseases that can be kept in fornia (2), appears on the chart below.
check with sulfur-based fungicides. Downy
mildew, especially, can spread quite quickly, Recent research
so plants should be monitored regularly all A 1998 Sustainable Agriculture Research
season long. Cut off any infected parts, if pos- and Education grant supported a field trial
sible, placing them in a tightly closed plastic of 15 different varieties of hops grown under
bag for off-site disposal, rather than compost- organic management at Jeffrey Klein’s farm,
ing. Some growers prune off the lower two Westerlo, New York. The trial was success-
feet or so of leaves to impede mildew infec- ful, and Klein quickly sold his first year’s
tions by improving ventilation near the soil. harvest to home brewers and to a producer
Wide spacing of the hop hills also reduces of homeopathic medicine. Experimenting
the chances of serious infection, because the with 12-foot trellises of fresh-cut white oak
better ventilation reduces humidity levels in (instead of the traditional 20-foot used util-
the immediate plant environment. ity poles that cannot be employed in organic
Aphids are probably the most common production), Klein grew 130 vines on one-
insect pest. These are usually controlled by quarter acre. Each vine produced four to
Page 2 ATTRA Hops: Organic Production
3. Hops varieties
Washington Oregon Idaho California Northeast
Nugget Nugget Zeus Brewer’s Gold (home garden) Cascade
Tettnang (most used, by
Galena Willamette Galena Bullion (bittering)
weight)
Zeus Perle Cluster Cascade (aromatic) Hallertau
Willamette Mt. Hood Willamette Centennial (bittering) Saaz
Millennium Golding Mt. Hood Chinook (bittering) Willamette
Cascade Fuggle Hallertauer (aromatic) E. Kent Goldings
Tettnanger Hersbrucker (aromatic) Fuggle
Fuggle Perle
Mt. Hood (aromatic) Northern Brewer
Nugget (bittering) Centennial
Old Early Cluster
Old English Cluster
Perle (all purpose)
Tettnang/Tettnanger
(aromatic, spicy)
Willamette (all purpose)
six ounces of dried hops. The going retail regional hops. (Determination of market
price for organic hops is now $9 per ounce potential for organic hops in the Northeast,
(representing an organic premium of $7). where organics is very popular, was not
Dried hops can be frozen and stored. More included in this survey.)(7)
information is available from Klein or from
Northeast SARE.(6) References
1) Bamka, Bill. 1999. Hops demonstra-
Cornell/Northeast Hop Alliance
tion project. Rutgers Hop Produc-
survey (2002) tion study. 3 p.
Cornell’s Community, Food, and Agricul- www.rce.rutgers.edu/burlington/
ture Program, along with the Northeast hops.htm
Hop Alliance (see Resources, below) pub-
lished results in 2003 of a 2002 survey of 2) Morehead, Gordon W. 1996. Hop
more than 400 microbreweries, brewpubs, culture in California. Small Farm
and regional breweries. There was a good News. May–June. p. 3–4.
response rate, predominantly from brew- 3) Beach, D. 2000. Homegrown Hops.
pubs and microbreweries. Three-quarters 2nd edition, Reveille Farm, Junc-
of the respondents reported using pellet- tion City, OR.
ized hops; however, a few microbreweries Available from Amazon.com.
and brewpubs still use some fresh or whole
hops. Brewpubs use more pounds of hops 4) Brew Organic
per barrel of beer than do microbreweries. 325A River Street
A majority of the breweries said they would Santa Cruz, CA 95060
pay a premium of between 5 and 10% for 800-768-4409
www.attra.ncat.org ATTRA Page 3