The City of Urbana, Illinois and property owner Robert Venable are soliciting redevelopment proposals for 1.4 acres of prime real estate in downtown Urbana. The site contains several parcels and alleys, including the long-standing Bunny's Tavern business. The request for proposals outlines submission requirements and selection criteria. It also provides background information on downtown Urbana's character as a hub for business, entertainment, and proximity to the University of Illinois. Site photos and maps are included in appendices to illustrate the location and existing conditions.
What is visual storytelling and how do we do it?Michael Tringe
The document discusses visual storytelling and its basic elements. It explains that a series of pictures can tell a story by showing events in sequence, and our brains help fill in the narrative. It notes that stories have characters, conflicts, and create drama or comedy through the actions characters take to overcome obstacles. The document also covers basic visual language techniques like wide shots, medium shots, and close-ups, and provides an outline for a lesson plan where students plan shots, produce a short video, and give feedback on each other's work.
Soft and chewy chocolate chip cookies are made with ingredients like flour, butter, sugars, eggs, and chocolate chips. The recipe calls for mixing butter and sugars until light and fluffy, then adding eggs, vanilla, and flour. Chocolate chips are stirred in and tablespoon sized balls of dough are placed on a baking sheet and baked until lightly golden around the edges. The cookies are cooled slightly before being enjoyed with a cold glass of milk.
This document contains a Spanish language exam with multiple choice questions testing comprehension of descriptions, conversations, grammar, and a classroom diagram. The exam is divided into 4 parts. Part 1 has 5 questions matching descriptions to words. Part 2 has 5 questions completing conversations. Part 3 has 5 grammar questions. Part 4 has 5 questions about objects in a classroom diagram. The exam tests various aspects of Spanish language comprehension.
This document provides information and resources for conducting a job performance evaluation of a vendor coordinator. It includes sample performance evaluation forms, with rating scales and categories to evaluate an employee's administration, knowledge, communication, teamwork, decision-making, expense management, and other skills. It also provides examples of positive and negative phrases to use in evaluations for attributes like attitude, creativity, interpersonal skills, problem-solving, and teamwork. Finally, it outlines several common performance appraisal methods that can be used, such as management by objectives, critical incident, behaviorally anchored rating scales, and 360-degree feedback.
Este documento discute cómo las empresas pueden crear lealtad a largo plazo entre los clientes. Explica que las empresas modernas se centran en satisfacer las necesidades de los clientes para que estos elijan sus productos de manera consistente en lugar de por casualidad. También describe algunas estrategias como medir la satisfacción del cliente, maximizar el valor que aporta cada cliente a lo largo del tiempo y asegurar que cada cliente sea rentable para la empresa. El objetivo general es entender mejor a los clientes y retenerlos a través de una excelente atención
The City of Urbana, Illinois and property owner Robert Venable are soliciting redevelopment proposals for 1.4 acres of prime real estate in downtown Urbana. The site contains several parcels and alleys, including the long-standing Bunny's Tavern business. The request for proposals outlines submission requirements and selection criteria. It also provides background information on downtown Urbana's character as a hub for business, entertainment, and proximity to the University of Illinois. Site photos and maps are included in appendices to illustrate the location and existing conditions.
What is visual storytelling and how do we do it?Michael Tringe
The document discusses visual storytelling and its basic elements. It explains that a series of pictures can tell a story by showing events in sequence, and our brains help fill in the narrative. It notes that stories have characters, conflicts, and create drama or comedy through the actions characters take to overcome obstacles. The document also covers basic visual language techniques like wide shots, medium shots, and close-ups, and provides an outline for a lesson plan where students plan shots, produce a short video, and give feedback on each other's work.
Soft and chewy chocolate chip cookies are made with ingredients like flour, butter, sugars, eggs, and chocolate chips. The recipe calls for mixing butter and sugars until light and fluffy, then adding eggs, vanilla, and flour. Chocolate chips are stirred in and tablespoon sized balls of dough are placed on a baking sheet and baked until lightly golden around the edges. The cookies are cooled slightly before being enjoyed with a cold glass of milk.
This document contains a Spanish language exam with multiple choice questions testing comprehension of descriptions, conversations, grammar, and a classroom diagram. The exam is divided into 4 parts. Part 1 has 5 questions matching descriptions to words. Part 2 has 5 questions completing conversations. Part 3 has 5 grammar questions. Part 4 has 5 questions about objects in a classroom diagram. The exam tests various aspects of Spanish language comprehension.
This document provides information and resources for conducting a job performance evaluation of a vendor coordinator. It includes sample performance evaluation forms, with rating scales and categories to evaluate an employee's administration, knowledge, communication, teamwork, decision-making, expense management, and other skills. It also provides examples of positive and negative phrases to use in evaluations for attributes like attitude, creativity, interpersonal skills, problem-solving, and teamwork. Finally, it outlines several common performance appraisal methods that can be used, such as management by objectives, critical incident, behaviorally anchored rating scales, and 360-degree feedback.
Este documento discute cómo las empresas pueden crear lealtad a largo plazo entre los clientes. Explica que las empresas modernas se centran en satisfacer las necesidades de los clientes para que estos elijan sus productos de manera consistente en lugar de por casualidad. También describe algunas estrategias como medir la satisfacción del cliente, maximizar el valor que aporta cada cliente a lo largo del tiempo y asegurar que cada cliente sea rentable para la empresa. El objetivo general es entender mejor a los clientes y retenerlos a través de una excelente atención
This document contains 12 photo credits from various photographers. The photos were likely used in a Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare about inspiration. In conclusion, the document lists photo credits to give proper attribution to the photographers for any images included in the presentation.
Dziwana Matilda Shawa is an actuarial science graduate seeking a position that provides structured training and experience in research, finance, and international work. She has strong analytical and problem-solving skills developed through her education and work experience in roles such as actuarial analyst, pension consultant, and budget officer. Her resume highlights qualifications including an MSc in Actuarial Science from the University of Lisbon and membership in the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries in the UK.
Sunfeast Yipee is ITC's brand extension of its Sunfeast biscuits brand into the instant noodles category. Launched in 2010, Sunfeast Yipee's main competitor is Maggi, which holds a 70% market share. Sunfeast Yipee comes in 3 variants and targets young people and children from upper and middle class families. It positions itself as offering healthy noodles that do not lump after cooking, distinguishing itself from competitors by emphasizing taste and nutrition.
This short document promotes the creation of Haiku Deck presentations on SlideShare by stating it provides inspiration. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation by clicking a button labeled "GET STARTED".
Rita Campusano se encuentra en un dilema. Ella ha estado saliendo con dos hombres diferentes, pero ahora debe decidir con cuál quiere estar en una relación seria. Por un lado, está Mark, quien es amable y confiable. Por otro lado, está Ryan, quien es más emocionante pero también más imprevisible. Rita necesita tomar una decisión pronto sobre con quién quiere estar, ya que ambos hombres esperan una respuesta de ella.
DIGITAL RESTORATION OF TORN FILMS USING FILTERING T ECHNIQUESAM Publications
The acceptance of digital imaging is motivating many photography enthusiasts to transfer their
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for consumers. Filtering techniques are used for the restoration process which is fully automatic whereas the existing
systems were semi-automatic or completely manual. The method used for the detection of tear is dilation process and
top-hat transform. Top-hat transform might misinterpret dark brush strokes as cracks. In order to avoid these
unwanted alterations to the original image, brush strokes are separated from the actual cracks using clustering
technique. Tear removal includes order statistics filtering which deals with the reconstruction of missing or
damaged image areas.
The document discusses the importance of getting the brand promise right when building a brand. It states that customers expect innovation, honesty, value and a caring attitude. It emphasizes the need for operational execution through perfect service delivery, rapid responses, and real-time updates. It also stresses the importance of continual improvement by gathering insights to drive changes and innovating beyond the familiar.
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Due to pozzolanic reactivity, Rice Husk Ash is used as a supplementary cementing material in concrete. It has
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2) The concept of "ending AIDS" refers to bringing the HIV epidemic under control through strategies like widespread antiretroviral treatment and prevention of onward transmission.
3) Studies have shown pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using antiretroviral drugs can reduce the risk of HIV transmission by over 80% when used consistently before and after exposure to the virus.
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This document discusses strategies for optimizing HIV/AIDS investments and fast-tracking the global AIDS response. It emphasizes focusing investments where they will have the greatest impact, such as prioritizing the regions and populations with the highest disease burdens. Addressing costs and improving efficiencies in service delivery can help scale up treatment and prevention services. Strategic, evidence-based allocation of resources is key to making progress toward global goals like 90-90-90 targets.
This document contains 12 photo credits from various photographers. The photos were likely used in a Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare about inspiration. In conclusion, the document lists photo credits to give proper attribution to the photographers for any images included in the presentation.
Dziwana Matilda Shawa is an actuarial science graduate seeking a position that provides structured training and experience in research, finance, and international work. She has strong analytical and problem-solving skills developed through her education and work experience in roles such as actuarial analyst, pension consultant, and budget officer. Her resume highlights qualifications including an MSc in Actuarial Science from the University of Lisbon and membership in the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries in the UK.
Sunfeast Yipee is ITC's brand extension of its Sunfeast biscuits brand into the instant noodles category. Launched in 2010, Sunfeast Yipee's main competitor is Maggi, which holds a 70% market share. Sunfeast Yipee comes in 3 variants and targets young people and children from upper and middle class families. It positions itself as offering healthy noodles that do not lump after cooking, distinguishing itself from competitors by emphasizing taste and nutrition.
This short document promotes the creation of Haiku Deck presentations on SlideShare by stating it provides inspiration. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation by clicking a button labeled "GET STARTED".
Rita Campusano se encuentra en un dilema. Ella ha estado saliendo con dos hombres diferentes, pero ahora debe decidir con cuál quiere estar en una relación seria. Por un lado, está Mark, quien es amable y confiable. Por otro lado, está Ryan, quien es más emocionante pero también más imprevisible. Rita necesita tomar una decisión pronto sobre con quién quiere estar, ya que ambos hombres esperan una respuesta de ella.
DIGITAL RESTORATION OF TORN FILMS USING FILTERING T ECHNIQUESAM Publications
The acceptance of digital imaging is motivating many photography enthusiasts to transfer their
photographic archive to digital form. Scans of negatives and positives are preferred to be scanned at high resolution
which makes small cracks and scratches very apparent. These unsightly defects have become an important issue
for consumers. Filtering techniques are used for the restoration process which is fully automatic whereas the existing
systems were semi-automatic or completely manual. The method used for the detection of tear is dilation process and
top-hat transform. Top-hat transform might misinterpret dark brush strokes as cracks. In order to avoid these
unwanted alterations to the original image, brush strokes are separated from the actual cracks using clustering
technique. Tear removal includes order statistics filtering which deals with the reconstruction of missing or
damaged image areas.
The document discusses the importance of getting the brand promise right when building a brand. It states that customers expect innovation, honesty, value and a caring attitude. It emphasizes the need for operational execution through perfect service delivery, rapid responses, and real-time updates. It also stresses the importance of continual improvement by gathering insights to drive changes and innovating beyond the familiar.
ALTERNATE AND LOW COST CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL: RICE HUSK ASH (RHA)AM Publications
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economical and technical advantages to be used in concrete. I am going to replace cement by the use of RHA by 5%,10% &
15% by weight of cement in three different experiment to find out the maximum strength and compare it with the strength of
normal concrete by using the grade of M20 at the days of 7 and 14. This research therefore is an investigation of the
performance of the concrete made of partially replacing OPC with RHA on the structural integrity and properties of RHA
concrete.
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1) In 2013, 136,235 new HIV infections were diagnosed in Europe, with 79,728 infections in Russia alone.
2) The concept of "ending AIDS" refers to bringing the HIV epidemic under control through strategies like widespread antiretroviral treatment and prevention of onward transmission.
3) Studies have shown pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using antiretroviral drugs can reduce the risk of HIV transmission by over 80% when used consistently before and after exposure to the virus.
Making anticipated results possible (marp) expanding the hiv responses - chr...PinHealth
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Implementing hiv and sti programmes with keypopulation alexandr kossukhinPinHealth
This document discusses implementing HIV and STI programs with key populations. It outlines the UNAIDS 90-90-90 strategy targets and summarizes WHO guidelines for HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations like sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and transgender people. The guidelines recommend interventions like condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis, sterile syringes, and empowering key populations to claim their human rights. Community empowerment and removing stigma and discrimination are essential to effective programs.
Fast track, incestment spproach and transition funding to end aids epidemic b...PinHealth
This document discusses strategies for optimizing HIV/AIDS investments and fast-tracking the global AIDS response. It emphasizes focusing investments where they will have the greatest impact, such as prioritizing the regions and populations with the highest disease burdens. Addressing costs and improving efficiencies in service delivery can help scale up treatment and prevention services. Strategic, evidence-based allocation of resources is key to making progress toward global goals like 90-90-90 targets.
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The document summarizes HIV prevention projects funded by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) in Serbia over 12 years. It discusses programs targeting vulnerable groups including injecting drug users, sex workers, men who have sex with men, prisoners, Roma people, and those living with HIV. Key activities included harm reduction, substitution treatment, condom distribution, counseling, and testing. Challenges faced included stigma, limited funding, and integrating services into the healthcare system. Over 200,000 people were reached through various programs implemented by the Ministry of Health and NGO partners across Serbia.
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Hiv i hcv u zatvoru tuzlanski kanton- sana šabović
1. HIV i HCV u zatvoru TKHIV i HCV u zatvoru TK
Šabović Olić SanaŠabović Olić Sana
Klinika za infektivne bolesti, UKC Tuzla,Klinika za infektivne bolesti, UKC Tuzla,
Bosna i HercegovineBosna i Hercegovine
SARAJEVO, 28.5 2015gSARAJEVO, 28.5 2015g
3. Zatvorske ustanove u BiH, osim borbe protiv unosaZatvorske ustanove u BiH, osim borbe protiv unosa
droge, mobitela i drugih nedozvoljenih stvari,droge, mobitela i drugih nedozvoljenih stvari,
suočavaju se i s jednim ne tako zanemarljivimsuočavaju se i s jednim ne tako zanemarljivim
problemom, a riječ je o osuđenicima zaraženim HIV-problemom, a riječ je o osuđenicima zaraženim HIV-
om i virusima hepatitisa.om i virusima hepatitisa.
Situacija s brojem zaraženih zatvorenika u BiH nijeSituacija s brojem zaraženih zatvorenika u BiH nije
alarmantna,alarmantna, ali problem postojiali problem postoji, te nije za, te nije za
potcjenjivanje.potcjenjivanje.
Testiranje u zatvorima je dobrovoljno,povjerljivo iTestiranje u zatvorima je dobrovoljno,povjerljivo i
besplatno u cilju prevencije širenja HIV-a i HCV a, ibesplatno u cilju prevencije širenja HIV-a i HCV a, i
otkrivanja inficiranih da bi se uključila terapija uotkrivanja inficiranih da bi se uključila terapija u
optimalnom vremenu.optimalnom vremenu.
4. Cilj rada je prikazatiCilj rada je prikazati
prokuženost štićenika Kaznenoprokuženost štićenika Kazneno
popravnog zavoda (KPZ) Tuzlapopravnog zavoda (KPZ) Tuzla
HIV-om , HCV-om i HBV-omHIV-om , HCV-om i HBV-om
od 01. 1. 2011-31. 3 . 2015.od 01. 1. 2011-31. 3 . 2015.
5. Prvo testiranjePrvo testiranje u zatvoruu zatvoru je biloje bilo
1998g1998g
Testirana 34 zatvorenikaTestirana 34 zatvorenika
6. Od 2005g 4-8x godišnje smoOd 2005g 4-8x godišnje smo
testirali zatvoreniketestirali zatvorenike
7. Od 01. 1. 2011-31. 3 . 2015. g. je u Kazneno-popravnomOd 01. 1. 2011-31. 3 . 2015. g. je u Kazneno-popravnom
zavodu (KPZ)-zatvoru u Tuzli na HIV i HCV testiranozavodu (KPZ)-zatvoru u Tuzli na HIV i HCV testirano
317317 novih inovih i 1616 starih zatvorenika. Ukupan brojstarih zatvorenika. Ukupan broj
zatvorenika koji su se još mogli testirati za taj period jezatvorenika koji su se još mogli testirati za taj period je
bio 350,ali zatvorenike pod istragom nije dozvoljenobio 350,ali zatvorenike pod istragom nije dozvoljeno
testirati.testirati.
Testiranje je bilo dobrovoljno,propraćeno pre i post testTestiranje je bilo dobrovoljno,propraćeno pre i post test
savjetovanjem i popunjavanjem šifriranog upitnika( 60savjetovanjem i popunjavanjem šifriranog upitnika( 60
zatvorenika). Upitnikom su obuhvaćeni svi rizičnizatvorenika). Upitnikom su obuhvaćeni svi rizični
momenti kojim bi se mogao dobiti HIV i HCV i HBVmomenti kojim bi se mogao dobiti HIV i HCV i HBV
Testiranje smo radili ORAQUICK , VIKIA iTestiranje smo radili ORAQUICK , VIKIA i
HEPAGNOSTIK testovimaHEPAGNOSTIK testovima
8. Medju testiranim je bilo 16 zatvorenikaMedju testiranim je bilo 16 zatvorenika
koji su i ranije testirani , a nisu napuštalikoji su i ranije testirani , a nisu napuštali
zatvor.zatvor.
Pri predhodnom testiranju su biliPri predhodnom testiranju su bili
negativni na HIV i HCVnegativni na HIV i HCV
9. Tabela 1. Dob i spol štićenika KPZ Tuzla-testirani prvi putTabela 1. Dob i spol štićenika KPZ Tuzla-testirani prvi put
Dob SpolDob Spol mm žž
< 20 g.< 20 g. 41 (12,9%)41 (12,9%) 20 (49%)20 (49%) 21 (51%)21 (51%)
21-30 g.21-30 g. 75 (23,66%)75 (23,66%) 53 (70,66%)53 (70,66%) 22 (29,34%)22 (29,34%)
31-40 g.31-40 g. 130 (41,01%)130 (41,01%) 80 (61,54)80 (61,54) 50 (38,44%)50 (38,44%)
41-50 g.41-50 g. 41 (12,9%41 (12,9% 22 (53,65)%22 (53,65)% 19 (46,35%)19 (46,35%)
51-60 g.51-60 g. 19 (6%)19 (6%) 55 ((26,3%)26,3%) 1414 (73,7%)(73,7%)
>60 g.>60 g. 88 (72%)(72%) 33 (28%)(28%)
10. Tabela 2. Dob i spol štićenika KPZ Tuzla-ponovo testiraniTabela 2. Dob i spol štićenika KPZ Tuzla-ponovo testirani
Ukupno 16 (100%) M 10 (62,5%) F 6 (37,5%)
< 20 g.< 20 g. 1 0
21-30 g.21-30 g. 7 4
31-40 g.31-40 g. 2 2
41-50 g.41-50 g.
>50g 0 0
11. Tabela 3.Obrazovanje štićenika koji su se prvi put i ponovo testiraliTabela 3.Obrazovanje štićenika koji su se prvi put i ponovo testirali
BezBez
obrazovanjaobrazovanja 21 (6,62%)21 (6,62%)
OsnovnoOsnovno
obrazovanjeobrazovanje 7171 (22.40%)(22.40%)
SrednjaSrednja
stručna spremastručna sprema 219 (69.08%)219 (69.08%)
Visoka stručnaVisoka stručna
spremasprema 6 (1,89%)6 (1,89%)
UkupnoUkupno 317 (100,0 %)317 (100,0 %)
Bez obrazovanjaBez obrazovanja 3
Osnovno obrazovanjeOsnovno obrazovanje 6
Srednja stručnaSrednja stručna
spremasprema
7
Visoka stručnaVisoka stručna
spremasprema
UkupnoUkupno
0
16
12. Tabela 3.Obrazovanje štićenika koji su se prvi put i ponovo testiraliTabela 3.Obrazovanje štićenika koji su se prvi put i ponovo testirali
BezBez
obrazovanjaobrazovanja 21 (6,62%)21 (6,62%)
OsnovnoOsnovno
obrazovanjeobrazovanje
71 (22.40%)71 (22.40%)
SrednjaSrednja
stručna spremastručna sprema
219 (69.08%)219 (69.08%)
Visoka stručnaVisoka stručna
spremasprema 6 (1,89%)6 (1,89%)
UkupnoUkupno 317 (100,0 %)317 (100,0 %)
Bez obrazovanjaBez obrazovanja 3
Osnovno obrazovanjeOsnovno obrazovanje 6
Srednja stručnaSrednja stručna
spremasprema
7
Visoka stručnaVisoka stručna
spremasprema
UkupnoUkupno
0
16
13. IV korisnici drogaIV korisnici droga 8686
Korisnici drugih drogaKorisnici drugih droga 3939
Nezaštićeni seksualni odnosiNezaštićeni seksualni odnosi 101101
MSMMSM 1919
SWSW 1818
Kontakt s krvlju-tučeKontakt s krvlju-tuče 1717
Tabela 4. Neke osobine prvi put testiranihtestiranihTabela 4. Neke osobine prvi put testiranihtestiranih
14. IV korisnici drogaIV korisnici droga
M F
5 1
Korisnici drugih drogaKorisnici drugih droga 1
Nezaštićeni seksualni odnosiNezaštićeni seksualni odnosi 4
MSMMSM 0
SWsSWs 0
StrahStrah 2
Tabela5. Neke karakteristike ponovo testiranihTabela5. Neke karakteristike ponovo testiranih
15. RezultatiRezultati MM FF
Ukupno testiranUkupno testiranii 317 100%317 100% 188 129
Pozitivni HIVPozitivni HIV 0
Pozitivni HCVPozitivni HCV 44 (13.00%)44 (13.00%) 20 24
IDUIDU 43(97,7%)(97,7%) 19 24
PosttransfuzijskiPosttransfuzijski 1 1
HBsAgHBsAg 0
Tabela 6 . Rezultati testiranja zatvorenika prvi putTabela 6 . Rezultati testiranja zatvorenika prvi put
18. • dobro
• Dobar kontakt sa osobljem zatvora-posebno
medicinskim osobljem
• Dosta dobar kontakt sa zatvorenicima
• Dosta dobro djelovanje pre i post test savjetovanja
• Nije bilo inficiranih HIVom
• HCV pozitivni stavljeni pod nadzor
• Ublažen strah od HIV i HCV pozitivnih
• Više predavanja o HIVu i Hepatitisima
• Poseban trening sa zatvorenicama koje su pokazale
visok nivo znanja o HIV-u i mjerama zaštite- uradjen
test znanja,predložene kao edukatori
• Edukaciju odradile i NGO XY i Margina
19.
20.
21.
22. • ne
• Prisustvo službenih lica pri savjetovanju,ali
to ipak nije puno uticalo na ponašanje
zatvorenika.
• Jedan mali broj zatvorenika je i dalje
prakticirao rizično ponašanje.
• Osjećaj da je droga u zatvoru
• Novi broh HCV pozitivnih kod osoba koje
nisu napuštale zatvor
• .............????
23. Poredjenja radi......
• 9% zatvorenika u Estoniji su HIV pozitivni (2009)
• U Ukrajini broj novih HIV slučajeva u zatvorima je porastao za
26% u odnosu na 5% u općoj populaciji (2002)
• U ruskim zatvorima ima 34.000 HIV pozitivna zatvorenika a 95%
su i v korisnici droga (2002)
• U zatvorima SAD , procjenjuje se da je 2% zatvorske populacije
HIV pozitivna
• Procjenjuje se da je oko43% Južnoafričkih zatvorenika su HIV
pozitivni (2002)
24.
25.
26. U BiH najnovijih podataka o konačnom broju zaraženih uU BiH najnovijih podataka o konačnom broju zaraženih u
zatvorima nema, tako da svaka od zatvorskih ustanova vodizatvorima nema, tako da svaka od zatvorskih ustanova vodi
svoju odvojenu statistiku. Prema poznatim podacima, usvoju odvojenu statistiku. Prema poznatim podacima, u
zatvorima u BiH ima odzatvorima u BiH ima od 2 do 5 %2 do 5 % zaraženih HCV-zaraženih HCV-
om.Zaraženih HIVom nije bilo.om.Zaraženih HIVom nije bilo.
U Sarajevskom Kazneno-popravnom zavodu, prema dostupnimU Sarajevskom Kazneno-popravnom zavodu, prema dostupnim
podacima, 5,2 % je bilo pozitivno na HCV i oko 5% na HBVpodacima, 5,2 % je bilo pozitivno na HCV i oko 5% na HBV
Radilo se o IDU osobama. HIV inficiranih nije bilo. Radilo se oRadilo se o IDU osobama. HIV inficiranih nije bilo. Radilo se o
zatvorenicima koji služe dugogodišnju kaznu, što govori ozatvorenicima koji služe dugogodišnju kaznu, što govori o
razmjeni pribora za ubrizgavanje droga u zatvorurazmjeni pribora za ubrizgavanje droga u zatvoru
U KPZ Tuzla 44 zatvorenika je bilo pozitivno na HCV, što uU KPZ Tuzla 44 zatvorenika je bilo pozitivno na HCV, što u
odnosu na 317 testiranih zatvorenika ,(13%),više od prosjeka uodnosu na 317 testiranih zatvorenika ,(13%),više od prosjeka u
drugim zatvorima.Pri ranijim testiranjima taj procent je biodrugim zatvorima.Pri ranijim testiranjima taj procent je bio
5-7%5-7%
27. Novootkriveni nosioci virusa CNovootkriveni nosioci virusa C
hepatitisa nisu imali nikakve znakehepatitisa nisu imali nikakve znake
bolesti.bolesti.
5 je upućeno hepatologu radi obrade5 je upućeno hepatologu radi obrade
28. Ovo potvrdjuje da je C hepatitis veći problem odOvo potvrdjuje da je C hepatitis veći problem od
HIVa medju IDU u zatvorimaHIVa medju IDU u zatvorima
29. U Zeničkom KPZ je broj inficiranih HCV 6%,HIVU Zeničkom KPZ je broj inficiranih HCV 6%,HIV
inficiranih je bio jedan koji je kao takav došao uinficiranih je bio jedan koji je kao takav došao u
zatvor.zatvor.
Dakle testirano je 269 zatvorenika , HCV poz jeDakle testirano je 269 zatvorenika , HCV poz je
bilo 39,(ukupan broj zatvoenika oko 700).bilo 39,(ukupan broj zatvoenika oko 700).
U Banjalučkom zatvoru HIV inficiranih nije bilo,aU Banjalučkom zatvoru HIV inficiranih nije bilo,a
procenat zaraženih HCV je izmedju 5-7%procenat zaraženih HCV je izmedju 5-7%
Iz svega proizilazilazi da je za sada C hepatitis uIz svega proizilazilazi da je za sada C hepatitis u
zatvorima u BIH veći problem nego HIVzatvorima u BIH veći problem nego HIV
Slična situacija je i u mnogim drugim državamaSlična situacija je i u mnogim drugim državama
gdje se procenat inficiranih C hepatitisom kreće igdje se procenat inficiranih C hepatitisom kreće i
do 35%,ali postoje države gdje je HIV većido 35%,ali postoje države gdje je HIV veći
problem (USA,Brazil, Španija)problem (USA,Brazil, Španija)
30. Raširenost infekcije virusnih hepatitisa među zatvorenicima iRaširenost infekcije virusnih hepatitisa među zatvorenicima i
pritvorenicima u zatvorima u Hrvatskoj daleko je viša nego u opštojpritvorenicima u zatvorima u Hrvatskoj daleko je viša nego u opštoj
populaciji, rezultati su istraživanja infektologa Klinike za infektivnepopulaciji, rezultati su istraživanja infektologa Klinike za infektivne
bolesti „Dr Fran Mihaljević“ prof. dr. Vitomira Bureka, utemeljenihbolesti „Dr Fran Mihaljević“ prof. dr. Vitomira Bureka, utemeljenih
na konkretnim podacima iz dvadesetak hrvatskih zatvora.na konkretnim podacima iz dvadesetak hrvatskih zatvora.
Istraživanja, koja su trajala tri godine, vršena su na 4.800 od ukupnoIstraživanja, koja su trajala tri godine, vršena su na 4.800 od ukupno
10.300 zatvorenika i pritvorenika, dakle gotovo 50 odsto. Dok je u10.300 zatvorenika i pritvorenika, dakle gotovo 50 odsto. Dok je u
opštoj populaciji incidencija hepatitisa B 11%, u zatvorskoj populacijiopštoj populaciji incidencija hepatitisa B 11%, u zatvorskoj populaciji
je zaraženost čak 17%, a u grupi intravenskih narkomana čak 30 %.je zaraženost čak 17%, a u grupi intravenskih narkomana čak 30 %.
Ili, među 4.800 testiranih zatvorenika virus hepatitisa B otkriven jeIli, među 4.800 testiranih zatvorenika virus hepatitisa B otkriven je
kod čak 379 osoba.kod čak 379 osoba.
Podaci su još dramatičniji kod raširenosti infekcije virusom hepatitisaPodaci su još dramatičniji kod raširenosti infekcije virusom hepatitisa
C. U opštoj populaciji incidencija ovoga virusnog hepatitisa iznosi 1,1C. U opštoj populaciji incidencija ovoga virusnog hepatitisa iznosi 1,1
procenat, među zatvorenicima čak 14,5 odsto, a u grupi intravenskihprocenat, među zatvorenicima čak 14,5 odsto, a u grupi intravenskih
narkomana zaraženost je čak 50 odsto. Ukupno je otkriveno 279narkomana zaraženost je čak 50 odsto. Ukupno je otkriveno 279
osoba inficiranih virusom hepatitisa Cosoba inficiranih virusom hepatitisa C..
31. Intravenska upotreba droga ostajeIntravenska upotreba droga ostaje
najvažniji rizični faktor za dobivanjenajvažniji rizični faktor za dobivanje
hepatitis C infekcije, a procijenjeno jehepatitis C infekcije, a procijenjeno je
da je odgovorna za više od 90% novihda je odgovorna za više od 90% novih
infekcija. Ako je neko bilo kadainfekcija. Ako je neko bilo kada
dijelio opremu za ubrizgavanjedijelio opremu za ubrizgavanje
narkotika čak i ako je to bilo davno inarkotika čak i ako je to bilo davno i
čak ako je to urađeno samo jednom -čak ako je to urađeno samo jednom -
može imati rizik od dobivanjamože imati rizik od dobivanja
hepatitisa C.hepatitisa C.
32. Iako se čini da je korištenje droge unutar rešetaka manjeIako se čini da je korištenje droge unutar rešetaka manje
često nego u zajednici, svaka epizoda injektiranja je mnogočesto nego u zajednici, svaka epizoda injektiranja je mnogo
opasnija nego van zatvora zbog nedostatka sterilne opremeopasnija nego van zatvora zbog nedostatka sterilne opreme
te stoga visoke učestalosti dijeljenja pribora. Unatočte stoga visoke učestalosti dijeljenja pribora. Unatoč
naporima da se onemogući unos droge u zatvore, ona senaporima da se onemogući unos droge u zatvore, ona se
ipak unosi. Zbog toga što je krijumčarenje injektirajućeipak unosi. Zbog toga što je krijumčarenje injektirajuće
opreme mnogo kompliciranije nego unos droge, čestoopreme mnogo kompliciranije nego unos droge, često
nekoliko istih šprica i igala cirkuliraju u zatvoru, štonekoliko istih šprica i igala cirkuliraju u zatvoru, što
povećava šansu da više ovisnika koristi isti pribor.povećava šansu da više ovisnika koristi isti pribor.
Određena količina krvi koja uđe u špricu može bitiOdređena količina krvi koja uđe u špricu može biti
prenešena idućem korisniku, a time i mogući prijenosprenešena idućem korisniku, a time i mogući prijenos
uzročnika krvlju prenosivih bolesti. Visoka koncetracijauzročnika krvlju prenosivih bolesti. Visoka koncetracija
virusa hepatitisa B i C u krvi kao i njihova sposobnostvirusa hepatitisa B i C u krvi kao i njihova sposobnost
preživljenja izvan tijela čine ih mogo češćima za prijenospreživljenja izvan tijela čine ih mogo češćima za prijenos
nego HIVanego HIVa