Studying history helps us understand and grapple with complex questions and dilemmas by examining how the past has shaped (and continues to shape) global, national, and local relationships between societies and people.

1. The North America

2. History of the Kingdoms, Empire,
Colonies and Republic

3. Kingdoms
The Caral-Supe civilization
3000-2500 BC
 the oldest known advanced civilization in the
American continents discovered to date.
 The most impressive achievement of the
civilization was its monumental architecture,
including large earthwork platform mounds
and sunken circular plazas.
 the influence of food resources on politics.

4. Kingdoms
Maya Civilization, 500 BC-800 AD
 Noted for the only known fully developed written
language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as
for its art, architecture, and mathematical and
astronomical systems.
 Advances such as writing, and the calendar did not
originate with the Maya; however, they fully
developed them.
 Religion was woven into all facets of daily life and
was the major unifying factor of the civilization. They
practiced human sacrifice and would often raid
other communities to obtain victims.

5. Empire
Tiwanaku Empire, 550-950 AD
 The economic base of this city is evidenced
through the almost 50,000 agricultural fields,
characterized by their irrigation technology,
which allowed the different cultures to easily
adapt to the climate conditions.
 Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku
Culture was the capital of a powerful empire that
lasted several centuries.
 The political dominance of Tiwanaku began to
decline in the 11th century, and its empire
collapsed in the first half of the 12th century.

6. Empire
Aztec Civilization, 1430-1521 AD
 Aztec civilization, largely because they were at
the height of their power and influence when
the Spanish arrived.
 Warlike, intractable, and aggressive, the Aztecs
conquered much of Central America.
 The Aztec government was similar to a
monarchy where an Emperor or King was the
primary ruler. They called their ruler the Huey
Tlatoani.

7. COLONIZATION OF NORTH AMERICA

8. Colonies
Spanish Colonization of North America
 Spain explored and conquered vast territories
ranging from North Carolina on the East Coast
American to Alaska on the northwest tip of the
subcontinent.
 the feat was not only their exploration,
conquest and colonization, but to keep these
vast territories under Spanish sovereignty and
defend them against native and European
incursions.
 The Spanish explorers did leave a deep
and lasting mark on the Americas.

9. Colonies
French colonization of the Americas
 It began on 16 century, France established a
colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere
and founded colonies in much of eastern
North America, on a number of Caribbean
islands, and in South America.
 Established strong trading ties with the local
Natives they found there.
 They respected Native territories, their ways,
and treated them as the human beings they
were. The Natives, in turn, treated the French
as trusted friends.

10. Colonies
British colonization of the Americas
 Raleigh established what is now known as the
“Lost Colony” of Roanoke in the late 16th
century.
 The English established their first successful,
permanent colony in North America at
Jamestown in 1607.
 The Dutch were merchants (executives) and
wanted to set up a city that would be an
international city of business and trade.

11. Colonies
The Revolutionary war
 The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American
War of Independence, was a war between Great Britain and its Thirteen
Colonies.
 British attempts to assert greater control over colonial affairs after having
long adhered to a policy of salutary neglect.
 It became an international war as France (in 1778) and Spain (in 1779) joined
the colonies against Britain.
 Declared independence in July 1776 as the United States of America.

12. The Republic of North America

13.  North America, the planet's 3rd largest continent, includes (23) countries
and dozens of possessions and territories.
 Approved in 1777 and finally ratified in 1781, the Articles of Confederation
formed a system of government in which almost all power was reserve for
the states.
 Federalism is a foundational element of the United States Constitution.
This system of dividing power between state and national governments is
create for the reaction to the failures of the Articles of Confederation,
 Constitutional Convention, recognizing a need for a stronger national
government, but not willing to give away all their sovereign powers.
Federalism was crafted as the solution.

14. THE END