The document summarizes the history of photography and film in India. It discusses how photography began in 1826 with the first photograph taken by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in France. It then covers the transition from black and white to color photography in the 1860s. For film, it notes that Dadasaheb Phalke released India's first full-length feature film Raja Harishchandra in 1913. The document also provides an overview of the evolution of Indian cinema from the silent film era to the present, highlighting important milestones and time periods such as the Golden Age of the 1940s-1960s and rise of masala films in the 1970s.

1. History of Media
BA

2. UNIT – IV

3. History of Photography
 The word, derived from the Greek photos (“light”) and graphein (“to draw”), was first used in the
1830s.
 Photography has been a medium of limitless possibilities since it was originally invented in the
early 1800s.
 The world’s first photograph made in a camera was taken in 1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.
 The photograph was taken from the upstair’s windows of Niépce’s estate in the Burgundy region
of France.
 https://www.britannica.com/technology/photography for technical related info.

4. History of Photography in Pictures

5. Black & White to Color
 Color photography is photography that uses media
capable of reproducing colors.
 In color photography, electronic sensors or light-
sensitive chemicals record color information at the time
of exposure.
 Color photography has been the dominant form of
photography since the 1970s, with monochrome
photography mostly relegated to niche markets such as
art photography.
 The first color photograph made by the three-color
method suggested by James Clerk Maxwell in 1855,
taken in 1861 by Thomas Sutton.

6. Digital Technology in Photography
 Digital photography uses cameras containing arrays of electronic photodetectors to
capture images focused by a lens, as opposed to an exposure on photographic film.
 Preserving History Just Became Easier
 Now Anyone Can Be a Photographer
 The Detail Each Picture Has is Awe-Inspiring
 Without digital photography, we would not have the opportunity to find the high level of
accuracy in our photos that we currently have.
 When I take a step back and look at life, I realize that digital photography really and truly has
changed the world, one picture at a time.

7. Origin of Cinema
 The history of Indian Cinema goes back to the nineteenth century.
 The history was actually created when Harishchandra Sakharam Bhatavdekar
 Father of Indian Cinema, Dadasaheb Phalke released the first ever full-length feature film ‘Raja
Harishchandra’ in 1913.
 Numerous new production companies emerged in the early 1920s.
 Films based on mythological and historical facts and episodes from Mahabharata and Ramayana
dominated the 20s.

8. History of Commercial Art Cinema
 The 1970s saw the advent of Masala movies in Bollywood
 The audiences were captivated and mesmerised by the aura of actors like Rajesh Khanna,
Dharmendra, Sanjeev Kumar, Hema Malini, and many others.
 Sholay, the groundbreaking film directed by Ramesh Sippy, not only got international accolades
but also made Amitabh Bachchan a ‘Superstar’.
 The 1990s saw a whole new batch of actors like Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Madhuri Dixit,
Aamir Khan, Juhi Chawla, Chiranjivi, and many more
 Indian cinema has become a part and parcel of our daily life whether it is a regional or a
Bollywood movie.

9. History of Movies and Production Companies
 Movies first came to Mumbai on 7 July 1896.
 On right is movies produced in the year 2018
 Currently a total of 75 Production Companies are open in India
 Ardeshir Irani released Alam Ara, the first Indian talkie, on 14 March 1931
 In 1933, East India Film Company produced its first Telugu film, Savitri.
 The period from the late 1940s to the early 1960s is regarded by film historians as the Golden
Age of Indian cinema.
 Seen emergence in Parallel Cinema led by Bengal directors ( Satyajit Ray)

10. Top Production Companies in India
 Aamir Khan Productions Pvt Ltd – Lagaan, Rang De
Basanti, Taare Zameen Par
 Yash Raj Films – Dhoom 3, Veer Zaara
 Dharma Productions Pvt Ltd. – Student of the year, Kuch
Kuch Hota Hai
 Balaji Telefilms Ltd. – The Dirty Picture
 Eros International Media Ltd. – Sholay, Om Shanti Om
 Reliance Big Entertainment Pvt Ltd. - Ghajini, Bhaag
Milkha Bhaag
Language No of Films
Hindi 305
Telugu 242
Kannada 264
Tamil
(Movies Produced in the
year 2018)
189

11. Evolution of Indian Cinema
 1897 – 1913 - Two Bollywood short films were made in 1897 and 1899 - but Dadasaheb Phalke’s
‘Raja Harishchandra’ was the first-full length silent feature film release in India in 1913.
 1931 Alam Ara, the first Indian film with sound, was released
 1949 Bollywood began to experiment with making horror film. Mahal starring Madhubala is
renowned as the first Indian horror film production.
 1952 Indian censors banned the on-screen kiss
 1970s The decade that gave rise to Masala Movies. (Amitabh & Dharmendra era)
 1980s to 1990s Romantic films became a key focus for directors and production companies.

12.  Maine Pyar Kiya (1987) took India by storm and was the biggest hit of the 1980s. It gave rise to
Salman Khan who has since become one of the most successful male actors in India.
 Other notable examples include Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994), Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge
(1995), Dil To Pagal Hai (1997), Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), Taal (1999), Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai (2000)
and Kabhi Khushie Kabhi Gham (2001).
 2000 Amitabh Bachchan becomes the first Indian actor to have a waxwork made in his honour by
Madame Tussauds
 2000s/2010s Bollywood begins to experiment with science fiction
 2010s to 2020s Bollywood experiment in biopics and historical themed stories