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Brief History of the Internet 1957-2000
- 1. INTERNET HISTORY 1957 •THe USSR launches the 1st earth sattelite which forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) 1961 •Leonard Kleinrock, MIT: "Information Flow in Large Communication Nets" 1964 •Paul Baran, RAND: "On Distributed Communications Networks" 1965 •ARPA sponsors study on "cooperative network of time-sharing computers" 1966 •Lawrence G. Roberts, MIT: "Towards a Cooperative Network of Time-Shared Computers" • 1967 •Larry Roberts convenes a conference in Ann Arbor, Michigan, to bring the ARPA researchers together. 1968 •PS-network presented to the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) •Roberts and the ARPA team refine the overall structure and specifications for the ARPANET. They issue an RFQ for the development of the IMPs. 1969 •Edward Kennedy (US Senator ) sends a telegram to BBN for its million-dollar ARPA contract to build the "Interfaith" Message Processor, and thanking them for their ecumenical efforts. •DoD commissioned ARPANET to research into networking 1970 •First publication of the original ARPANET 1971 •BBN builds IPMs • 1972 •Ray Tomlinson working for BBN creates the first program devoted to email. •ARPA officially changes its name to DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 1973 •Thirty institutions are connected to the ARPANET. The network users range from industrial installations and consulting firms like BBN, Xerox PARC and the MITRE Corporation, to government sites like NASA’s Ames Research Laboratories, the National Bureau of Standards, and Air Force research facilities. 1974 •A commercial version of ARPANET known as Telenet is introduced and considered by many to be the first Internet Service Provider (ISP). 1978 •The ARPANET experiment formally is complete. 1979 • USENET, the 1st news group network is developed by Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis and Steve Bellovin. 1981 •BITNET is founded. •. 1984 •The newly developed DNS is introduced across the Internet, with the now familiar domains of .gov, .mil, .edu, .org, .net, and .com. A domain called .int, for international entities, is not much used.
- 2. INTERNET HISTORY 1983 •ARPANET standardizes TCP/IP. 1984 •The newly developed DNS is introduced across the Internet, with the now familiar domains of .gov, .mil, .edu, .org, .net, and .com. A domain called .int, for international entities, is not much used. 1985 • the number of hosts on the Internet (all TCP/IP interconnected networks) has reached 2,000. 1987 • The new network CREN forms • The number of hosts breaks 10,000 1988 •Bitnet and CSNET merge to create CREN. 1990 •ARPANET replaced by NSFNET. 1993 •Mosaic is the web browser credited with popularizing the World Wide Web. It was developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) and was one of the first to provide a multimedia graphical user interface that allowed users to more easily navigate the web by converting text commands to images. 1996 •Telecom Act deregulates data networks. •Now known as Adobe Flash, Macromedia Flash is introduced in 1996. •The first CSS specification, CSS 1, is published by the W3C 1997 • Internet2 consortium is established and IEEE releases 802.11 (WiFi) standard. 1998 •Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) created to be able to oversee a number of Internet-related tasks 1999 •- A wireless technology called 802.11b, more commonly referred to as Wi-Fi, is standardized. 2000 •The dot-com bubble starts to burst.