History Lesson 8- Cuban Missile Crisis.pptx

TODAY’S LESSON
01
Quick
background of Cuba
03
Escalating Tensions
American retaliation
02
Tensions
with USA
04
Social Studies
End of Issue 2

Quick Background
01
Geographical & Social

● Largest & most populous of the
Caribbean islands
● Language- Spanish
● Major producer of sugar & tobacco
● Strategic importance &
economic($) value
Significance of Cuba to USA

Significance of Cuba to USA
Strategic importance
• USA was concerned
with expanding its own
territory as well as
guaranteeing its
security
• Close geographical
proximity to the USA
• Gateway to the
Caribbean islands
Economic value
• Americans could buy
land to set up
plantations & build
factories to process
raw materials
• Cubans resented the
economic dominance
of the USA over Cuba

Tensions Between the Usa
& Cuba
02
How did
tensions
arise
between
Cuba & USA?

● USA frequently intervened in Cuban politics
● Most detested president was Colonel Fulgencio Batista
who was corrupt & dictatorial
● He established relationships with American mafia who
controlled illegal businesses in Havana
● Made use of secret police to repress the Cubans
USA reluctant to stop supporting Batista for the fear of rising
communist power in Cuba.
1. American Political Intervention
in Cuba

● Fidel Castro, a Cuban exile, returned to Cuba from
Mexico with a group of rebels
● Conducted guerilla warfare against Batista’s
government
2. The Cuban Revolution (1956)

● 1959- Batista fled to the USA while Castro led his
rebel army into Havana & established a new
government
● Initially, Castro didn’t identify himself as a
communist

● Seeking new markets for Cuban sugar
- Cuban economy was overly reliant on the Cuban Sugar
Quota (amount & price of sugar for sale on the American market;
quota decided by American government)
- Che Guevara (Minister of Industries) sealed a deal with the
Soviets to barter more Cuban sugar for Soviet oil
- USA perceived this as Cuba aligning with the communist
bloc
3. Castro’s New Policies

● Land Reform Law
- Many Cuban sugar & tobacco plantations were owned by
American companies & the rich Cubans
- Therefore, wealth was concentrated among the ruling
class
- Castro broke up the largest private estates (in exchange for
financial compensation) & redistribute them among poor
farmers to solve the problem of inequality
- Foreigners no longer allowed to own sugar plantations

• Castro developed a personal friendship with Khrushchev
• 1960- When Castro visited New York to address the United
Nations General Assembly, he chose to stay in the poor
district of Harlem instead of the luxury hotel used by
visiting world leaders
• Harlem had a large African-American population
4. Castro’s Friendship with
Khrushchev

• Khrushchev decided to visit Castro in his Harlem hotel- this
is symbolically important as it shows the discriminatory
policies of the USA towards African American & Cuba
• The meeting between the two in Harlem strengthened their
relationship
How do you think the US felt?

Escalating Tensions Due to American
Retaliation Against Cuba
03
American government
decided it could no
longer secure American
interests in Cuba with
Castro in power.
Weaken & overthrow
Castro:
• economic pressure on
Cuba
• assassination attempts

• Castro & the Soviets agreed to exchange Cuban sugar for
Soviet oil
• USA forced Castro to change his policy or USA cripple
Cuba’s economy
1. Economic Pressure on Cuba

The Bay of Pigs invasion
● CIA trained Cuban exiles to overthrow
Castro
● April 1961- CIA trained Cuban exiles
landed at the Bay of Pigs
● USA insisted it had not planned the
invasion but it was clear to everyone that
the USA supplied planes & weapons
● Invading forces were subdued in two days-
viewed as American disaster
Operation Mongoose
● Failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion
made the USA more determined to
remove Castro & install a Cuban govt
that was friendly to the USA
● Nov 1961- secret CIA operation to
assassinate important Cuban leaders,
including Castro
● Resulted in another failure
2. Attempts to Remove Castro from Power

Dec 1961
Castro declared himself a ‘Marxist-Leninist’
& established a new communist party in Cuba

Chapter4:
What is
Diversity?
Chapter5:
Why is
There
Greater
Diversity in
Singapore?
Chapter6:
What are
the
Experience
s and
Effects of
Living in a
Diverse
Society?
Chapter7:
How can
We
Respond in
a Diverse
Society?

Differentethnicgroups
in Singapore
Differentreligions
with significant
representation
Differentnationalities
(cultural diversity within a society)

is an economic situation shared by a
group of people.

Individualor
household’s
income
Occupation Education Ownership of
wealth

Higher
Middle
Lower
(economic diversitywithin asociety)

It refers to when income gaps between higher
& lower socio-economic groups widen over time.

Management & Impact of
Socio-cultural Diversity
•Assimilation
•Integration
Management & Impact of
Socio-economic Diversity
•Market-based approach (USA)
•Shared Responsibility Approach
(Singapore)
•Government-financed Approach
(Sweden)

is a policy when the government expect immigrants to adopt
the beliefs & practices of the majority group in the host country.

Napoleon
Bonaparte
EiffelTower Louvre Museum
MonaLisapainting
intheLouvre
TourdeFrance
(World’slargest
annualsporting
event)
Worldfamous
novel(andmusical)
byVictor Hugo
(1862)

Apart from the EU, most immigrants to France are from its former
colonies.

means secularism where Article 1 of the 1958
French Constitution assures equality before the law for all
citizens regardless of origin, religion, race and ethnicity.

“In France, the ideal of harmony in society is achieved through
every individual putting aside their affiliations to race & ethnicity,
religion and socio-economic status to display their national identity
as the only observable aspect of identity in the public domain.”

Education
Secular education
• No mention of religion other than in History &
Philosophy classes.
Adaptation classes
• Conducted for the children of immigrants to
help them improve their French & eventually
join regular French schools

Induction program to understand life in
France
- Attend French language courses & a day of
civic education
- Pass a French cultural & language test

Does the assimilation policy violate
individual rights & freedom of
religion & expression?

BilingualPolicy
(1966)
Presidential
Councilof
Minority
Rights (PCMR)
(1970/1973)
Group
Representative
Constituencies
(GRCs)
(1988)
Ethnic
Integration
Policy
(1989)

EnglishLanguage
It is used as the working language
It is more than just a economic
decision, It is also a political one.
Mother Tongue
Mother Tongue Language preserves
our cultural heritage.

The idea is to have a
common language
where different ethnic
groups can
communicate with one
another.

Also known as Presidential
Council for Religious
Harmony.

• Ensure legislations are not
disadvantageous to any racial or
religious community.
• Report on matters affecting racial
and religious communities that are
referred to it by Parliament or the
Government.

• A majority Chinese
Singapore will not vote for
minority candidates.
• Ensure minorities are
represented in Parliament,
hence it is important to have
GRCs other than SMCs.

Raffles Town Plan (1822)
Each HDB estate must fill pre-
determined percentages of
various ethnic groups.
It aims to prevent the formation of
ethnic enclaves.

1. Does this plan really work?
2. How many of Singaporeans actually talk to their neigbours?

Locals born and bred,
especially those who
served NS Immigrants
except Malaysians

This makes the “US”moreunited & clearerabout who
they are because they define themselves against the
“THEM”.

To help immigrants adapt to
the norms, cultures & values in Singapore.
Forging of Common
Experiences
Provision of
Community Support
Naturalisation
Programs

“I'vespentthelast10years
savingkids'lives.”
Response given in 2011 when
asked why he didnotserveNS.
Dr Janil Puthucheary

“This is exactly why people are uncomfortablewith
him. He has noideathe sacrifices that NSmen has
to suffer from - 2yearspenalty in life.
If he thinks performing an occupation of his choice
is equivalent of NS, then what about the male
doctors,nurses,teacherswho served? Bloody hell a
car mechanic saves life too. Should we exempt
them from NS? Say so earlier la... then my ICT dun
needto serveok?
What he did only underlined how outoftouchhe is
with the maleSingaporeanswho servedNS.
”
Reaction from a Singaporean identified as Roy
'I've spent the last 10 years
saving kids' lives - and got
rich doing it! What?
Volunteerwork?
-Reaction from another
online user

SAFvolunteerschemeallow femalesand PRsto volunteer(avery toned down
version of the compulsory NS that Singaporeans do)in the SAF.
Would that appease(male)Singaporeans?

This case study shows common experiences can
bond people, & why it can be difficult for
immigrants to integrate in Singapore.

The Singapore Citizenship
Journey is a formal program
consisting of three components.
1. Singapore Citizenship e-Journey
This is an online journey that allows new
citizens to learn about Singapore at their
own pace and convenience.
2. Singapore Experiential Tour
This half-day tour brings new citizens to
learn about our history at key historical
landmarks and national institutions.
3. Community Sharing Session
New citizens reflect on their journey towards
citizenship, share their hopes and aspirations
for Singapore, meet other new citizens, and
learn how they can actively participate in the
community.

Differentsocio-economicgroupsexist
within any country,even in so-called
Communist states.

Regardless of your SES, you will fall sickand
requirehealthcareat a point in life.

Those from the higherSESgroup will have
betteraccessto healthcare services
because of affordability issues.
Those from the lowerSESgroup will defer
treatmentif they cannot afford it.

Those from the higherSES will have
than those from the lowerSES, ceterisparibus.

INTRODUCTION
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one in the entire Solar
System. This planet's name
has nothing to do with the
liquid metal, since Mercury
was named after the Roman
messenger god. Despite being
closer to the Sun than Venus,
its temperatures aren't as
terribly hot as that planet's.
Its surface is quite similar to
that of Earth's Moon
Speaking of craters, many of
them were named after artists
or authors who made
significant contributions to
their respective fields.
Mercury takes a little more
than 58 days to complete its
rotation, so try to imagine how
long days must be there!
Since the temperatures are so
extreme and the solar
radiation is so high, Mercury is
deemed to be non-habitable

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The marketsetthe prices withoutintervention from the government of
healthcare.
People have the freedom to choosetheir healthcareprovider.

Prices can varysignificantlybetween healthcare providers.

Medical insurance ownershipis critical because of the highcostof
healthcare but noteveryoneis able to affordthe insurance.

of Americans are able to afford private medicalcoverage
beyondwhat their employers provide.

Watch Michael Moore’s
documentary Sickofor a
critiqueof the American
healthcare systemand how it
compares to Socialistmodels
(government-financed
approach).

Chapter7:
How Can We
Respond In A
Diverse Society?
Management and Impact
of Socio-culturalDiversity
• Assimilation
• Integration
Management and Impact
of Socio-economic
Diversity
• Market-basedapproach
(USA)
• SharedResponsibility
Approach (Singapore)
• Government-financed
Approach (Sweden)

Individual
responsibility
Government
Subsidies
3M (Medishield
Life,Medisave,
Medifund)
Community-
Support Model

Individual
responsibility
Fit and healthypeople fall sicklesseasilyand less
frequently.
Therefore,getting people to be fit (by regular
exercise) and healthy (by proper diet and non-
participation in health adverse habits like smoking)
will reduce the consumptionof healthcare
services.

Health
Promotion
Board
(HPB) under
the Ministry
of Health.
PE lessons
in school
(now in
tertiary
institutes )
National
Service(not
the main
rationale but
definitely one
of the benefits)

If governmentwere to pay for healthcare costs,
people will stopstaying fit and healthy.

Government
Subsidies
Almost every country in the world subsidies
healthcare, even in the capitalist private
American model.
Under the Pioneer Generation Package,
Pioneers are more heavily subsidizedfor
healthcare than other Singaporeans.
Those who qualify for the CommunityHealth
AssistScheme(CHAS)also receive more
subsidies.

The rich Singaporeansneed lessfinancialhelpin payingfor their
healthcare billsthan the poorer ones.
This is an exampleof how Singapore manages socio-economicdiversity.

Singapore uses Meanstesting– a mechanism to identify patients who
have genuine financial difficulties and determine the quantum of
appropriate subsidy.

3M (Medishield
Life,Medisave,
Medifund)
Ordinary
account
Medisave
(Medical)
account
Special
(Retirement)
account

The purpose of MediSaveis to force you to saveupfor the day where you
will fall sick(not small illnesses like fever and flu though) and need to pay
your medical bills.

Medishield Life is a national healthinsuranceschemewhich coversall
Singaporeansfor allages.
The former national health insurance scheme, called MediShield,only
covered 92%of the population. The other 8
%have pre-existing illnesses.
This means that premiumswill be higherfor MediShield Life.

Medifundis for patientswho cannotpaythe billseven after MediSaveand
MediShieldLife.
Designed as an endowmentfund for sustainability, the initial S$200 million
endowment with occasional top-ups is being invested.Interestearnedfrom the
investments is then disbursedto payfor the medicalbillsof needypatients.

Community-
Support Model
The community helps by setting up
communityhospitalsfor long-termcareand
non-acute casesin order to freeupspacesin
the government hospitals.
The community will raisefundsthemselves
to provide subsidies for the patients.

How successful has the
Ministry ofHealthbeen
in achievingthe five
principles(1993)?
The Government's healthcare
philosophy Is based on five
fundamental objectives:
To nurture a healthy nationby promoting good
health;
T
o promote personalresponsibilityfor one's
health and avoid over-relianceon state
welfare or medical insurance;
T
o provide goodand affordablebasic
medicalservicesto all Singaporeans;
T
o rely on competition and market forcesto
improveservice and raise efficiency
To intervene directlyin the healthcare sector, when
necessary,where the market fails to keephealth
carecostsdown.

The government provides substantialsubsidiesand servicesfor mostof
the healthcare needs of all citizens based on the idea of social and
economic equality.

Private medical insuranceis availableand voluntary.
Unlike the U.S.,nothaving private medical insurance in Sweden will not
affectyou adversely.

220euros
per annum for
medicalservices
122euros
per year for
prescribed drugs

Other possible to assesshowacountry dealswith
Personal income tax
structure
Minimum wage
structures and
equivalences
Education system

Do you know what helps you make your point clear?
Lists like this one:
● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!
And the most important thing: the audience won’t miss
the point of your presentation
HISTORY OF CUBA

BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE EUROPEANS
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit
larger than the Moon
VENUS
MERCURY
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot and its
atmosphere is extremely poisonous

CULTURE OF CUBA
Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place.
It’s full of iron oxide
dust
FOOD
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and
the smallest of them all
CLOTHES
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
DRINKS

MORE THINGS ABOUT THE COUNTRY
Mars is actually a very
cold place
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
planet to the Sun
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
It's the farthest planet
from the Sun
MARS JUPITER
MERCURY SATURN NEPTUNE
VENUS

A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS

A SNEAK PEEK
You can replace the image on the screen with
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3 MAJOR CITIES OF CUBA
HAVANA
planet of them all
Mars is actually a very
cold place
SANTIAGO
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
CAMAGÜEY

TIMELINE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS
planet to the Sun
planet of them all
Mars is actually a
very cold place
Saturn is a gas giant
and has several rings
1205 1898
1492 1959
TAÍNO INDIANS C. COLUMBUS INDEPENDENCE REVOLUTION

TOURISM IN CUBA
Despite being red,
Mars is very cold
MARS
Neptune is very far
away from the Sun
NEPTUNE
planet of them all
JUPITER
Saturn is a gas giant
and has rings
SATURN

THE CULTURE OF CUBA
MUSIC LITERATURE ARCHITECTURE GASTRONOMY FINE ARTS
Mercury is quite
a small planet
Mars is actually
a very cold place
Jupiter is a huge
gas giant
Neptune is far
away from us
Saturn has
several rings
● Jupiter
● Saturn
● Mercury
● Venus
● Earth
● Ceres
● Moon
● Uranus
● Mercury
● Neptune

STATISTICS
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
It’s the closest planet
to the Sun
MERCURY
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
VENUS
planet of them all
JUPITER
It’s the farthest
planet from the Sun
NEPTUNE
100
0
50
70
25
N
100
J
30
V
10
M
60

11.3 MILLION
Population of Cuba

9h 55m 23s
Jupiter's rotation period
333,000
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s
386,000 km
Distance between Earth and the Moon

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History Lesson 8- Cuban Missile Crisis.pptx

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History Lesson 8- Cuban Missile Crisis.pptx