HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: HITLER DOMINATING GERMANY BY 1934 - SA vs. SS

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George Dumitrache

HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: HITLER DOMINATING GERMANY BY 1934 - SA vs. SS.

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CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – DEPTH STUDY: GERMANY – MR. D
THE SA (STURM ABTEILUNG)
Established in 1921, the SA (Stormtroopers or Brownshirts) were
the private army of the Nazi Party.
By 1934 it had become a vast organisation with more than two
million members.
SA was often crude in its methods, it has helped the Nazis in their
rise to power by terrorising their opponents, especially the
Communists.

CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – DEPTH STUDY: GERMANY – MR. D
THE SS (SCHUTZSTAFFEL)
The SS was formed in 1925 as a personal bodyguard for Hitler.
It was an elitist, highly disciplined, and utterly ruthless force.
Under Himmler’s leadership, membership increased from a few
hundred to over 50,000 between 1929 and 1933.
Members wore black uniforms with a skeleton head on their
caps.

HISTORY IGCSE CONTENT - 20TH CENTURY OPTION - THE ROAD TO WW2: MILITARISM AND THE ANTI-COMINTERN PACT. The Anti-Comintern Pact was an agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan, that they would work together to stop the spread of Communism around the globe. This was aimed squarely at the USSR. Germany and Italy had worked well during the Spanish Civil War and had brought about a fascist victory over communism.

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07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE SOURCES

George Dumitrache

07. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - REICHSTAG FIRE On February 27, 1933, the German parliament (Reichstag) building burned down. The Nazi leadership and its coalition partners used the fire to claim that Communists were planning a violent uprising. They claimed that emergency legislation was needed to prevent this. The resulting act, commonly known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, abolished a number of constitutional protections and paved the way for Nazi dictatorship.

05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX

George Dumitrache

05. DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: NAZI REGIME - HITLER CONSOLIDATING POWER 1933-34.PPTX Following Hitler’s appointment as chancellor the Nazis were finally in a position of power. However, this power was limited, as the Nazis were just one party in a three party coalition government, under President Hindenburg. This topic will explore how the Nazis managed to eliminate their opposition and consolidate ultimate power over Germany, whilst maintaining an illusion of democracy. It will first explore this topic in chronological order, from the Reichstag Fire through to the death of President Hindenburg, and then explore it thematically in the last section. On the 31 January 1933, Hitler, conscious of his lack of a majority in the Reichstag, immediately called for new elections to try and strengthen his position. The Nazis aimed to increase their share of the vote so that they would have a majority in the Reichstag. This would allow them to rule unopposed and unhindered by coalition governments. Over the next two months, they launched themselves into an intense election campaign. On 27 February 1933, as the campaign moved into its final, frantic days, the Reichstag, the German Parliament building, was set on fire and burnt down. An atmosphere of panic and terror followed the event. This continued when a young Dutch communist, Van der Lubbe was arrested for the crime. The Nazi Party used the atmosphere of panic to their advantage, encouraging anti-communism. Göring declared that the communists had planned a national uprising to overthrow the Weimar Republic. This hysteria helped to turn the public against the communists, one of the Nazis main opponents, and 4000 people were imprisoned. The day after the fire, Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. On the 28 February 1933, President Hindenburg signed the Emergency Decree for the Protection of the German People. This decree suspended the democratic aspects of the Weimar Republic and declared a state of emergency. This decree gave the Nazis a legal basis for the persecution and oppression of any opponents, who were be framed as traitors to the republic. People could be imprisoned for any or no reason. The decree also removed basic personal freedoms, such as the freedom of speech, the right to own property, and the right to trial before imprisonment. Through these aspects the Nazis suppressed any opposition to their power, and were able to start the road from democracy to a dictatorship. The atmosphere of uncertainty following the Reichstag Fire secured many voters for the Nazi party. The SA also ran a violent campaign of terror against any and all opponents of the Nazi regime. Many were terrified of voting of at all, and many turned to voting for the Nazi Party out of fear for their own safety. The elections were neither free or fair. On the 5 March 1933, the elections took place, with an extremely high turnout of 89%. The Nazis secured 43.9% of the vote.

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