History course, the ppp
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This document provides a historical overview of the French side of Saint Martin island. It notes that in 1648, the Treaty of Concordia established the border between the French and Dutch quarters, with France inhabiting the coast facing Anguilla and St. Martin North, and the Dutch inhabiting the south coast of St. Martin. For over 150 years afterward, the border was uncertain due to wars between European powers. It was not stable until the early 1800s, except for an ongoing dispute over Oyster Pond Bay. The document highlights the slave economy that supported industries like cotton, indigo, and sugar cane production until abolition between 1833-1863. Saint Martin's status changed over time, becoming a French
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The Portuguese and Spanish Empires were two of the largest and most influential colonial empires in history. The Portuguese Empire spanned from 1514 to 1999 and included territories in Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America. It was the first global empire and longest-lived European colonial empire. Similarly, the Spanish Empire from the late 15th century to the early 19th century included Spanish territories and colonies in Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa. Both empires rose as a result of the Reconquista of Iberian lands from Muslim rule and explorations led by figures like Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal and sponsored voyages like that of Christopher Columbus for Spain.
South africa colonisation
The document summarizes the colonization of South Africa by Dutch and British colonists between the 17th and 20th centuries. The Dutch established the first European settlement in Cape Town in 1652 and brought slaves from Asia as laborers. Britain took control of Cape Town in 1795 and formally annexed the Cape Colony in 1806. In the 1830s, Boers migrated northward to establish their own republics to escape British rule. Tensions between the British and Boers led to the Anglo-Boer Wars in the late 19th century, resulting in the republics being annexed by Britain. Formal apartheid policies were implemented in the 20th century that legally enforced racial segregation and discrimination against non-white populations
colonialism.ppt
1. The document discusses major geographical discoveries and explorations by European powers between the 15th and 16th centuries, including Columbus' voyage to America in 1492 and Da Gama's passage to India in 1498.
2. It also summarizes the establishment of the first generation of colonial empires by European nations through treaties and conquests, including the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and English empires.
3. The document outlines European colonialism and slavery in the 16th-19th centuries, highlighting Portuguese policies around slavery and the key role of the slave trade in financing European industrialization.
Rubi's powerpoint
This document provides a historical overview of Ruby, Spain from prehistoric times to modern day. It describes early Paleolithic sites from 300,000 years ago showing tools used by hominids. It discusses the Iberian culture in Ruby in the 5th century BC and the Romanization period. The document then outlines the medieval period, the industrial revolution bringing cotton weaving, and immigrants returning from the Americas in the 19th century. It provides details on the local government established in the medieval period and population decline in the 16th-18th centuries. Finally, it notes that in the 21st century Ruby has become a full city with growth and immigration from diverse locations globally and within Spain.
France
France has a long history dating back to ancient Gaul and has played a major role in European and world events. Its culture has been influenced by neighboring countries and is exhibited through its art, literature, cuisine, and social traditions. The French economy is the fifth largest in the world and is driven by industries like telecommunications, aerospace, agriculture, tourism, and weapons manufacturing.
The Spanish French and Dutch Caribbean
The document provides an overview of the Spanish, French, and Dutch Caribbean territories. It discusses how Spain established hegemony over the Caribbean until the 17th century and implemented a mercantilist economic system based on factories and slave labor. Mercantilism established a closed trade system between Spain and its Caribbean colonies. The plantation economy model later arose, based on agricultural mass production using slave labor. The document also characterizes the French and Dutch Caribbean territories, which include overseas departments, unique territorial collectivities, and special municipalities that have varying degrees of autonomy from their European countries. It explores the ongoing debate around political status and dependence in the non-independent territories.
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History course, the ppp
- 1. BIENVENUE EN PARTIE FRANCAISE WELCOME TO THE FRENCH SIDE The border monument from Dutch Quarter to French Quarter
- 2. BIENVENUE EN PARTIE FRANCAISE WELCOME TO THE FRENCH SIDE The border monument from Dutch Quarter to French Quarter
- 3. Snap of stats and facts - 21 of the 37 square miles of the island (55 km²) - a lil' under 40 000 hab. - Highest elevation : Pic Paradis=424 m (1400') - Main languages : english and french - Main currencies : euros and dollars - Main religions:Catholic,Methodist,baptist,anglican Other names : SOUALIGA : land of salt OUALICHI : land of women
- 4. 1648 = Treaty of Concordia Other important years for the french side are 1848 and 1946
- 5. Articles 1 and 2 Today, the 23rd of March 1648.... have agreed upon the following: 1. that the French shall continue in that quarter where they are established at this present, and that they shall inhabit the entire coast (actually: side) which faces Anguilla; St martin North 2. that the Dutch shall have the quarter of the fort, and the soil surrounding it on the south coast; St martin south.
- 6. Where is the border ?
- 7. From 1648 to the late 1700's = 150 years of border uncertainty Because of wars between France England Spain Portugal Holland The island changed owners many times 1810-1816 was the last occupation by England Today, The border has been stable since The early 1800's, (which is about 200 years), except for one area. OYSTER POND
- 8. Where is the border ?
- 9. OYSTER POND BAY Where should the border to be ?
- 10. From 1648 to the late 1700's = 150 years of border uncertainty DURING THAT TIME... ...SLAVERY IS IN FULL SWING The economy of those days needed plenty work force, as free or cheap as possible ● First for tobacco and indigo ● A lot for cotton ● And even more for cane ● (properties were separated by slave walls...) ● Then for salt, long after slavery was abolished
- 11. Remnants of the past industries... Cotton trees can still be seen on road sides
- 12. ● "Lorsque le moment est venu de la récolte, on dispose en frontière du champ, un rang de nègres munis de serpes et ils avancent en ligne en disposant derrière eux les cannes coupées en deux ou trois morceaux. Ces derniers sont ramassés et liés en paquets qui sont chargés à leur tour sur des charrettes qui les portent aux moulins. Ceux-ci servent à broyer la canne pour en extraire le suc. Ils sont mus soit par l'eau, le vent ou les bœufs. Cutting cane on Saint-Martin in the 1700's
- 13. Picking salt Salt pond Up to early 60's Fish pond Baie de l'embouchure Became « Lamijot bay » then Galion beach
- 14. SLAVERY DAYS SLAVE WALLS (Colombier) Most of the plantation and slave owners were english settlers, invited by the french, in order to boost the economy. In exchange they got free land. That is how the enslaved, then the free people of sint marten created the sint marten english.
- 15. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY (different then elsewhere) England (Anguilla) = 1833 France (St martin) = 1848 Holland (sint maarten) = 1863 7 km or 4 miles15 years 15 years
- 16. Up to 1946 ● After World War 2 (39-45) France is destroyed. ● Its colonies are suffering even more. ● Saint-Martin North is a Colony of France - Just like Guadeloupe and Martinique - Tax laws, social benefits are not the same - Aimé Césaire, elected to the parliement of France, demands social justice for the colonies.
- 17. 1946 - 2007 Aimé Cesaire's1946 law transforms Saint-Martin into a commune of the departement of Guadeloupe ● We have rights to all national benefits (CAF, etc... But... The center of all decisions is in Guadeloupe, and sint marteners don't have a say.
- 18. Since 2007 Saint-Martin is an autonomous overseas territory of the french republic (with limited autonomy) ● Saint-Martin, for instance, is responsible for: - fiscal matters (taxes...) - transportation (taxis and buses, driving licences) - urban affairs (building permit...) ● The State of France control, for instances : - The teachers and what they teach - The judicial system - all international affairs
- 19. THANK YOU FOR YOUR SO KIND ATTENTION