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Historical Timeline of Noteworthy Linguists
- 1. Historical Timeline of Noteworthy linguists Prepared by: Jhon Lloyd S. Ticar Jaime Talabang Adilyn Coronado
- 3. Sumerian, an agglutinative language, retains the word root unchanged and conveys grammatical modifications through the addition of prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. Unlike Indo-European or Semitic languages, Sumerian lacks a clear distinction between nouns and verbs. Sumerians refer to the speakers of the Sumerian language, an ancient language isolate that was spoken in Sumer the study of Sumerian linguistics involves analyzing the grammar, vocabulary, and writing systems of this ancient language.
- 4. Dating Panini's work remains challenging, relying on references to other scholars and internal linguistic examples. Panini mentions ten scholars, suggesting he built upon existing knowledge. However, their contributions' chronology offers no dating clues. Examining linguistic phrases for influences, such as Greek, yields inconclusive evidence. References to nuns spark debates about Buddhist or Jaina origins, remaining inconclusive.Despite these challenges, Cardona concludes Panini's grammar stands as a monumental achievement, attesting to human intelligence.
- 6. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, pivotal figures in Greek linguistics, explored language through dialectics, philosophy, and systematic analysis, shaping the foundational principles of linguistic inquiry in ancient Greece. The Greek traditions included the origins of the languages, parts of the speech sistems, the relationship between the languages and thoughts, and two aspect of words signs, connected by nature or by convention .The first surviving grammar of a European language is a short description of Greek by Dionysious Thrax, Techne grammatike (100 BC).
- 8. The Romans made significant contributions to linguistics, with scholars like Varro producing comprehensive grammars of Latin, emphasizing morphology. Later grammarians such as Donatus and Priscian played influential roles in the Middle Ages. The Roman linguistic tradition prioritized the study of language structure, particularly in Latin. The main focus was on morphology, specifically the structure of nouns and verbs, with little attention to syntax.
- 9. Between 1150 and 1400, a golden era in linguistics unfolded, marked by a substantial surge in language studies. This growth stemmed not only from a broader embrace of learning and literacy but also from the integration of Aristotle's Organon into university curricula, particularly in the northern schools. The medieval university curriculum included grammar instruction, often presented through commentaries on the writings of Late Latin grammarians.
- 11. Thomas of Erfurt was the most influential member of a group of later medieval philosophers known as the speculative grammarians. Isidore of Seville was a Hispano-Roman scholar, theologian, and archbishop of Seville. He is widely regarded as the last scholar of the ancient world. Aelfric the Grammarian was a English abbot and a student of Æthelwold of Winchester, and a consummate, prolific writer in Old English of hagiography, homilies, biblical commentaries, and other genres.
- 13. Manuel Chrysoloras was a Byzantine Greek classical scholar, humanist, philosopher, professor, and translator of ancient Greek texts during the Renaissance. Chrysoloras facilitated the study of classical Greek texts, including those related to language and grammar, which, in turn, contributed to the broader revival of classical learning. Petrus ramus was a French humanist, logician, and educational reformer. A Protestant convert, he was a victim of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. Ramus was known for his work in logic, rhetoric, and educational reform.
- 14. The Port-Royal Grammar was a pioneering work in the philosophy of language. The Port-Royal Grammar refers to a significant work in 17th- century linguistics, specifically the "Grammaire générale et raisonnée" (General and Rational Grammar), created by scholars associated with the Port-Royal Abbey in France. This grammar was a pioneering contribution to linguistic philosophy during the 17th century.
- 15. William Jones was British philologist, orientalist and a puisne judge on the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Bengal, and a scholar of ancient India. He is renowned for proposing a connection between European and Indo-Aryan languages. A German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic, he is linked with Enlightenment, Sturm und Drang, and Weimar Classicism. As a Romantic philosopher and poet, he asserted that genuine German culture could be found within the common people
- 17. Jacob Grimm, Franz Bopp, Wilhelm von Humboldt, and Friedrich Schlegel made significant contributions to philology during the 19th century. Jacob Grimm is renowned for his work on Germanic linguistics and the development of Grimm's Law. Franz Bopp played a crucial role in Indo-European comparative linguistics, laying the groundwork for historical linguistics. Wilhelm von Humboldt emphasized the connection between language, thought, and culture. Friedrich Schlegel contributed to Sanskrit studies and the understanding of Indo-European languages. Their work shaped the foundations of philology and linguistics in the 19th century.
- 19. Ferdinand de Saussure, a Swiss linguist and semiotician, is recognized as a key figure in 20th-century linguistics and a co-founder, along with Charles Sanders Peirce, of semiotics. His influential ideas have significantly shaped developments in linguistics and semiotics during the 20th century Roman Jakobson, a trailblazer in structural linguistics, stood as one of the preeminent and impactful linguists in the 20th century. he pioneered innovative methods for analyzing linguistic sound systems.
- 21. Edward Sapir (1884–1939) was a prominent American anthropologist-linguist, widely regarded as a key figure in the development of linguistics in the United States. Benjamin Lee Whorf was a notable American linguist and fire prevention engineer, credited for formulating the "Sapir–Whorf hypothesis." This theory posits that the structures inherent in different languages shape the perceptions and conceptualizations of the world by their speakers, drawing a comparison to Einstein's principle of physical relativity.
- 22. Formulated by linguists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf, suggests that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape and influence the way its speakers perceive and think about the world. This hypothesis proposes that language doesn't just reflect existing cognitive categories but actively shapes and constrains thought patterns. The weak version, acknowledging language's impact on cognition, remains a topic of ongoing research and debate. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
- 24. Born on December 7, 1928, Avram Noam Chomsky is an American professor and public intellectual renowned for his contributions to linguistics, political activism, and social criticism. Often referred to as "the father of modern linguistics," he has left a lasting impact on these fields.
- 25. George Philip Lakoff is an American cognitive linguist and philosopher recognized for his assertion that people's lives are profoundly shaped by the conceptual metaphors they employ to elucidate intricate phenomena. He made significant contributions to the field of cognitive linguistics.