The document discusses the US decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan to end World War II. It describes how Japan refused to surrender and the US wanted to avoid invading Japan, which would cost hundreds of thousands of American lives. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were chosen as targets because they were mostly untouched by the war. The Enola Gay dropped a uranium bomb called "Little Boy" on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, resulting in an estimated 237,000 deaths and widespread destruction across the city.