Modals

1. TOPIC: MODALS
Submitted To :- Ms. Priya
Submitted By :-
Himansh Ujjanwal

2. Introduction to Modals
What are Modals?
Modals are a special type of verb that is used to express ability,
possibility, permission, obligation, and advice.They are auxiliary
verbs, meaning they are used in combination with other verbs
to convey additional meaning. Unlike regular verbs, modals do
not have tenses or change their form to agree with the subject.

3. Functions of Modals:
Expressing Ability: Modals indicate whether someone is
capable of performing an action or achieving something.
Expressing Possibility: Modals suggest the likelihood or
probability of an event occurring.
Expressing Permission: Modals grant or seek authorization
to do something.
Expressing Obligation: Modals indicate a sense of duty,
necessity, or expectation.
Expressing Advice: Modals provide recommendations or
suggestions for action.

4. Modals for Ability
Can: Used to express ability or possibility in the present or future.
Example: I can speak three languages.
Could: Used to express ability in the past or to make a polite
request.
Example: Could you please pass the salt?
May: Used to express possibility or permission in the present or
future.
Example: The flight may be delayed due to weather conditions.

5. Might: Used to express a possibility that is less likely
than if "may" were used.
Example: I might go to the concert if I have time.
Be able to: Used to express ability in general or in a
specific situation.
Example: I am not able to swim very well.

6. Modals for Permission
Can: Used to ask for or give permission in a general or informal
context.
Example: Can I borrow your book?
Could: Used to ask for permission in a more polite way, often in
formal situations.
Example: Could I speak to the manager, please?
May: Used to ask for or give permission, especially in formal or
polite requests.
Example: May I leave early today?

7. Might: Not commonly used to ask for permission
directly, but can be used to express uncertainty about
receiving permission.
Example: I might be able to come to the party, but I'm not
sure if I have permission.
Be allowed to: Used to express permission that has
been granted by someone else.
Example: I am not allowed to use my phone in class.

8. Modals for Obligation
Must: Used to express strong obligation or necessity.
Example:You must study for your exam if you want to pass.
Have to: Used to express a general obligation or necessity.
Example: I have to go to work every day.
Need to: Used to express a personal need or obligation.
Example: I need to get some rest before my trip tomorrow.

9. Should: Used to express a sense of duty, obligation,
or expectation.
Example:You should help your friends when they are
in need.
Ought to: Used to express a stronger sense of moral
obligation.
Example: We ought to treat each other with respect.

10. Modals for Advice
Should: Used to give general advice or suggestions.
Example:You should eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly.
Ought to: Used to give more formal or moral advice.
Example:You ought to apologize for your behavior.
Had better: Used to give strong advice or to warn someone about
the consequences of not taking the advice.
Example:You had better not go swimming in the ocean during a storm.
Would: Used to make suggestions or express a preference.
Example: I would go to the beach today if it were sunny.

11. THANK
YOU