Higgs boson
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1. The Standard Model explains fundamental particles and forces but cannot explain everything. 2. Gauge symmetry prevents particles from having mass terms. The Higgs field breaks this symmetry by condensing as the universe cooled after the Big Bang. 3. Particles interacting with the Higgs field gained mass, while those not interacting remained massless. This includes the recently discovered Higgs boson.
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Higgs boson
- 1. Debjyoti Bardhan Research Scholar Theoretical Physics TIFR INSPIRE CAMP TALK 6th October, 201
- 5. The ‘backbone’ of particle physics Explains forces, particles and their intera Unites The Three Forces of Natur
- 8. Examples And Jealous! Examples And Co-operative! Make up matter Carry forces Electrons Protons Neutrons Photons Gluons W, Z Bosons Only one per level As many per level Quarks… BoseFermi
- 9. Indivisible Can be broken down to simpler parts No substructure! Made up of fundamen particles
- 12. Concept of the atom around since Dalton (1808) 1911: Structure of the Atom e p 1932: Chadwick discovers neutrone p n
- 13. 1932 : Positron discovered by Carl Anders e pe np n Electron Positron Some neutral particle Scattered electron Another Electron-positron pair
- 14. 1931: Neutrino hypothesis by Wolfgang Pa 1937: Muon discovered in Cosmic Rays e n p n e m ne nm p n
- 15. e m ne nm p n 1947-64 : Many particles were discovered K+ K0 K0 K- p+ p0 p- L0 1964 : Quark/Parton Model proposed by Gell-Mann, Feynman & Zweig At least 3 quarks! e m ne nm p n K+ K0 K0 K- p+ p0 p- L0 u d s
- 16. 1969 : Quarks u,d,s discovered in SLAC e m ne nm u d s 1969 : Fourth quark predicted e m ne nm u d s c 1st Gen2nd Gen2nd Gen1st Gen u u d d d u Proton Neutron 1974 : Fourth quark – charm – discovered c
- 17. 1975 : Tau discovered e m ne nm t 1973 : Kobayashi & Maskawa predict 3rd ge of quarks u d c s ? ? 1977 : Bottom quark discovered at Fermilab u d c s b e m ne nm t
- 18. 1995 : Top Quark discovered at Fermilab 2000 : Tau Neutrino directly observed at Fe u d c s b te m ne nm t nt FERMIONS 1979 : Gluon discovered at DESY 1983 : W, Z Bosons discovered at CERN g ZW+ W- g e m ne nm t nt u d c s b t
- 19. u d c s b te m ne nm t nt g ZW+ W- g Leptons Quarks FERMIONS BOSONS H Higgs
- 20. 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 1897 1923 1937 1955 1962 1969 1974 1975 1977 1983 1979 1995 2012 e m ne nm t nt u d c s b t g ZW+ W- g H 2000
- 23. If enough energy is packed into a small space, previously absent particles can come into existence
- 24. Now you see it, now you don’t High data production rat from LHC Finicky scientists
- 28. Pick the ones with just the right length
- 34. Photo Credit: CM
- 40. Right biased Left biased You can choose only one! R L
- 41. Every valid mathematical description should lead to the same physical prediction. - Gauge Symmetry Princi
- 42. Gauge symmetry implies no mass! Keep gauge symmetry… The Higgs field does the dirty job! later break it!
- 44. Spread over all space and time Has a value at each point of space and time Interactions between fields are INTERESTI Identical particles Higgs Field
- 46. Particles are excitations of the field! Everything is just excited vacuum!
- 47. Right biased Left biased Been there, seen that! R L
- 49. But the Universe was cooling… At the Big Bang, all particles were masslessThe Higgs field condensed as the Universe cooled. Particles which interact or collect more particles are he Massless particles don’t interact with the Higgs field
- 50. We have observed a new boson with a mass of 125.3
- 51. Rolf Heuer, Director General, CERN
- 53. 1. Standard Model explains a lot, but cannot expla 3. Higgs Field gives mass by breaking gauge sym 2. Gauge Symmetry prevents mass terms 4. Higgs Boson is an excitation of the Higgs Field 5. The Higgs Boson has been discovered!! Thank You