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Higado
graso
agudo en el
embarazo
AFLP
ROTACION: EMBARAZO DE ALTO RIESGO
ASESOR: DRA PAOLA RIVERA
PONENTE: R4 PAOLA AGUILAR ARAIZA
aparición repentina de una
insuficiencia hepática que se
desarrolla durante el embarazo.
01.
32 y 38 semanas.
altas tasas de mortalidad materno-fetales
inespecífica sintomatología variable
Hígado graso agudo en el embarazo Revista Médica Sinergia Vol. 4 (4), Abril 2019
EPIDEMIOLOGÍA
1934
1 de 1000 embarazo
“atrofia amarilla
aguda del hígado”
Su prevalencia oscila en torno a
1/10.000-15.000 nacimientos
Stander y Cadden
1 en 20 000 embarazos
1 en 7000
Hígado graso agudo del embarazo: un diagnóstico inusual en obstetricia A. Ferrero a E. Lorenzo.a. Clin Invest Gin Obst. 2019
La mortalidad materna y la fetal
80-90% al 15-30%
70% al 14-20%,
enfermedad hepática y embarazo
4% todos los embarazos.
Clasificacion
con o sin hipertension
• Preeclampsia
• Síndrome de HELLP
• hígado graso agudo en el
embarazo
• hiperémesis
gravídica
• colestasis
intrahepática
(Bacq, 2011).
Factores de riesgo
Revisión bibliográfica. Hígado graso agudo en el embarazo. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy Edición XV Mayo - Agosto 2020
Years
old
Years
old
Primigesta
embarazos
múltiples
uso prolongado del ácido acetil
salicílico.
trastornos hepáticos como
la colestasis intrahepática
del embarazo.
los trastornos metabólicos
subyacentes.
edad materna avanzada.
producto masculino
obesidad
metabolismo de
ácidos grasos
demanda de
energía
EMBARAZO NORMAL
METABOLISMO DE ACIDOS GRASOS LIBRES
unidad fetal-
placentaria
3-OH acil CoA
Deshidrogenasa
(LCHAD)
betaoxidación de
los ácidos
grasos
mitocondriales
Glicerol
Trigliceridos
Carnitina
transportador
Insulina
Glucagon
Hígado graso agudo del embarazo David B. Nelson, MD , Rachel Schell, MD de junio de 2021
FISIOPATOGENIA
ESTROGENOS
déficit 3-OH acil
CoA
deshidrogenasa
esteatosis
gen
ACADM
infiltración grasa
microvesicular
procesos
inflamatorios
necrosis hepática
celular.
falla hepática
Hígado graso agudo del embarazo David B. Nelson, MD , Rachel Schell, MD de junio de 2021
FISIOPATOLOGIA
UNIDAD FETAL
PLACENTARIA
- mutación
- defecto enzimático.
MADRE HETEROCIGOTA
- oxidación de ácidos grasos.
-
- ácidos grasos acumulados.
1.https://cdn.sanity.io/files/0vv8moc6/contobgyn/7a1e8c40ece7b6fe7850a0e5f0ec4d9d082feadd.pdf/06- 21_AFLP.pdf
01. hasta en
el 50%
edema, proteinuria
e hipertensión
arterial
02. Sintomas
digestivos
• Diarrea
• Nauseas, Vomito.
• Dolor abdominal
03.Cutaneos
• Ictericia
• Lesiones
maculo-papular
inespecífica con
o sin prurito
04.Inespecificos
• Malestar general
• Fiebre
• Anorexia
• Cefalea
MANIFESTACIONES CLÍNICAS
Hígado graso agudo del embarazo David B. Nelson, MD , Rachel Schell, MD de junio de 2021
Diagnostic
o
biopsia hepática
GOLD
ESTANDAR
esteatosis
microvascular
infiltración grasa
microvesicular
Puntos clave
Paciente con cuadro agudo de nauseas y vomito
en el tercer trimester de embarazo
01
02
03
Valores normales de referencia durante el
embarazo
Manejo multidisciplinario
Perera, Pradeepan, Mayorathan, et col. A case of fatal acute fatty liver of pregnancy and literature review. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
criterios de
Swansea
Pelvic
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has
a poisonous atmosphere
Diagnostico
Perera, Pradeepan, Mayorathan, et col. A case of fatal acute fatty liver of pregnancy and literature review. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Finalizacion
del embarazo
reconocimiento y
evaluación rápidos
de la madre y el feto
reversión de la
coagulopatía
Tratamiento
01 02 03
hipofibrinogenemia
trombocitopenia
1.https://cdn.sanity.io/files/0vv8moc6/contobgyn/7a1e8c40ece7b6fe7850a0e5f0ec4d9d082feadd.pdf/06- 21_AFLP.pdf
Finalizacion de embarazo
via de desembarazo
- Parto
- Cesarea 67%
- media
Tipo de anestesia
- Anestesia neuroaxial.
- Anestesia general
1.https://cdn.sanity.io/files/0vv8moc6/contobgyn/7a1e8c40ece7b6fe7850a0e5f0ec4d9d082feadd.pdf/06- 21_AFLP.pdf
Recuperación posparto y complicaciones
CONROL DE
LABORATORIOS
cada 6 a 12 horas durante los primeros
1 a 2 días.
COAGULOPATIA DE
CONSUMO
4-6 DIAS
DISFUNCION RENAL
7-10 DIAS
CREATININA < 2
DISFUNCION
HEPATICA
1-2 DIAS
GLUCOSA SERICA 60 mg / dL
TRANSAMINASAS de 100 unidades / L
SEGUIMIENTO
1.Castro MA, Fassett MJ, Reynolds TB, Shaw KJ, Goodwin TM. Insuficiencia hepática periparto reversible: una nueva perspectiva sobre el diagnóstico, tratamiento y causa del hígado graso agudo del
embarazo, basada en 28 casos consecutivos. Soy J Obstet Gynecol . 1999; 181 (2): 389-395. doi: 10.1016 / s0002-9378 (99) 70567-3
PANCREATITS 15%
COMPLICACIONES
INSUFICIENCIA
HEPÁTICA PERSISTENTE
23%
1-3% TRANSPLANTE
1.Castro MA, Fassett MJ, Reynolds TB, Shaw KJ, Goodwin TM. Insuficiencia hepática periparto reversible: una nueva perspectiva sobre el diagnóstico, tratamiento y causa del hígado graso agudo del
embarazo, basada en 28 casos consecutivos. Soy J Obstet Gynecol . 1999; 181 (2): 389-395. doi: 10.1016 / s0002-9378 (99) 70567-3
Hígado graso agudo del embarazo, una patología infradiagnosticada. A propósito de 2 casos clínicos. aia Sánchez , José María Olivares, Victoria Valdés, María Pilar Millán, Carmen RodríguezServicio
Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital de Terrassa, Barcelona, España. 2016
GRACIAS…
386,000 KM
9H 55M 23S
Jupiter’s rotation period
333,000
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s
Distance between Earth and the Moon
—Someone Famous
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired”
Diagnosis
01 Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System
02 Venus
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from
the Sun. It’s terribly hot
03 Mars
Despite being red, Mars is a cold place. The planet is full of
iron oxide dust
04 Jupiter
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. It’s composed
mostly of hydrogen and helium
Prevention
Venus Jupiter
Mars Saturn
01 02 03 04
Venus has a
beautiful name
Despite being red,
Mars is cold
It’s a gas giant
and has rings
Jupiter is the
biggest planet
Treatment
Hormones Medicines
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest one in the
Solar System
Venus has a beautiful name and is
the second planet from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot
01. 02.
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You can describe what the
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Conclusions
Do you know what helps you make your point
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higado graso agudo en embarazo2.pptx

  • 1. Higado graso agudo en el embarazo AFLP ROTACION: EMBARAZO DE ALTO RIESGO ASESOR: DRA PAOLA RIVERA PONENTE: R4 PAOLA AGUILAR ARAIZA
  • 2. aparición repentina de una insuficiencia hepática que se desarrolla durante el embarazo. 01. 32 y 38 semanas. altas tasas de mortalidad materno-fetales inespecífica sintomatología variable Hígado graso agudo en el embarazo Revista Médica Sinergia Vol. 4 (4), Abril 2019
  • 3. EPIDEMIOLOGÍA 1934 1 de 1000 embarazo “atrofia amarilla aguda del hígado” Su prevalencia oscila en torno a 1/10.000-15.000 nacimientos Stander y Cadden 1 en 20 000 embarazos 1 en 7000 Hígado graso agudo del embarazo: un diagnóstico inusual en obstetricia A. Ferrero a E. Lorenzo.a. Clin Invest Gin Obst. 2019 La mortalidad materna y la fetal 80-90% al 15-30% 70% al 14-20%,
  • 4. enfermedad hepática y embarazo 4% todos los embarazos. Clasificacion con o sin hipertension • Preeclampsia • Síndrome de HELLP • hígado graso agudo en el embarazo • hiperémesis gravídica • colestasis intrahepática (Bacq, 2011).
  • 5. Factores de riesgo Revisión bibliográfica. Hígado graso agudo en el embarazo. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy Edición XV Mayo - Agosto 2020 Years old Years old Primigesta embarazos múltiples uso prolongado del ácido acetil salicílico. trastornos hepáticos como la colestasis intrahepática del embarazo. los trastornos metabólicos subyacentes. edad materna avanzada. producto masculino obesidad metabolismo de ácidos grasos demanda de energía
  • 6. EMBARAZO NORMAL METABOLISMO DE ACIDOS GRASOS LIBRES unidad fetal- placentaria 3-OH acil CoA Deshidrogenasa (LCHAD) betaoxidación de los ácidos grasos mitocondriales Glicerol Trigliceridos Carnitina transportador Insulina Glucagon Hígado graso agudo del embarazo David B. Nelson, MD , Rachel Schell, MD de junio de 2021
  • 7. FISIOPATOGENIA ESTROGENOS déficit 3-OH acil CoA deshidrogenasa esteatosis gen ACADM infiltración grasa microvesicular procesos inflamatorios necrosis hepática celular. falla hepática Hígado graso agudo del embarazo David B. Nelson, MD , Rachel Schell, MD de junio de 2021
  • 8. FISIOPATOLOGIA UNIDAD FETAL PLACENTARIA - mutación - defecto enzimático. MADRE HETEROCIGOTA - oxidación de ácidos grasos. - - ácidos grasos acumulados. 1.https://cdn.sanity.io/files/0vv8moc6/contobgyn/7a1e8c40ece7b6fe7850a0e5f0ec4d9d082feadd.pdf/06- 21_AFLP.pdf
  • 9. 01. hasta en el 50% edema, proteinuria e hipertensión arterial 02. Sintomas digestivos • Diarrea • Nauseas, Vomito. • Dolor abdominal 03.Cutaneos • Ictericia • Lesiones maculo-papular inespecífica con o sin prurito 04.Inespecificos • Malestar general • Fiebre • Anorexia • Cefalea MANIFESTACIONES CLÍNICAS Hígado graso agudo del embarazo David B. Nelson, MD , Rachel Schell, MD de junio de 2021
  • 11. Puntos clave Paciente con cuadro agudo de nauseas y vomito en el tercer trimester de embarazo 01 02 03 Valores normales de referencia durante el embarazo Manejo multidisciplinario Perera, Pradeepan, Mayorathan, et col. A case of fatal acute fatty liver of pregnancy and literature review. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • 12. criterios de Swansea Pelvic Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous atmosphere Diagnostico Perera, Pradeepan, Mayorathan, et col. A case of fatal acute fatty liver of pregnancy and literature review. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • 13.
  • 14. Finalizacion del embarazo reconocimiento y evaluación rápidos de la madre y el feto reversión de la coagulopatía Tratamiento 01 02 03 hipofibrinogenemia trombocitopenia 1.https://cdn.sanity.io/files/0vv8moc6/contobgyn/7a1e8c40ece7b6fe7850a0e5f0ec4d9d082feadd.pdf/06- 21_AFLP.pdf
  • 15. Finalizacion de embarazo via de desembarazo - Parto - Cesarea 67% - media Tipo de anestesia - Anestesia neuroaxial. - Anestesia general 1.https://cdn.sanity.io/files/0vv8moc6/contobgyn/7a1e8c40ece7b6fe7850a0e5f0ec4d9d082feadd.pdf/06- 21_AFLP.pdf
  • 16.
  • 17. Recuperación posparto y complicaciones
  • 18. CONROL DE LABORATORIOS cada 6 a 12 horas durante los primeros 1 a 2 días. COAGULOPATIA DE CONSUMO 4-6 DIAS DISFUNCION RENAL 7-10 DIAS CREATININA < 2 DISFUNCION HEPATICA 1-2 DIAS GLUCOSA SERICA 60 mg / dL TRANSAMINASAS de 100 unidades / L SEGUIMIENTO 1.Castro MA, Fassett MJ, Reynolds TB, Shaw KJ, Goodwin TM. Insuficiencia hepática periparto reversible: una nueva perspectiva sobre el diagnóstico, tratamiento y causa del hígado graso agudo del embarazo, basada en 28 casos consecutivos. Soy J Obstet Gynecol . 1999; 181 (2): 389-395. doi: 10.1016 / s0002-9378 (99) 70567-3
  • 19. PANCREATITS 15% COMPLICACIONES INSUFICIENCIA HEPÁTICA PERSISTENTE 23% 1-3% TRANSPLANTE 1.Castro MA, Fassett MJ, Reynolds TB, Shaw KJ, Goodwin TM. Insuficiencia hepática periparto reversible: una nueva perspectiva sobre el diagnóstico, tratamiento y causa del hígado graso agudo del embarazo, basada en 28 casos consecutivos. Soy J Obstet Gynecol . 1999; 181 (2): 389-395. doi: 10.1016 / s0002-9378 (99) 70567-3
  • 20. Hígado graso agudo del embarazo, una patología infradiagnosticada. A propósito de 2 casos clínicos. aia Sánchez , José María Olivares, Victoria Valdés, María Pilar Millán, Carmen RodríguezServicio Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital de Terrassa, Barcelona, España. 2016
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 24. 386,000 KM 9H 55M 23S Jupiter’s rotation period 333,000 The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s Distance between Earth and the Moon
  • 25. —Someone Famous “This is a quote, words full of wisdom that someone important said and can make the reader get inspired”
  • 26. Diagnosis 01 Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System 02 Venus Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot 03 Mars Despite being red, Mars is a cold place. The planet is full of iron oxide dust 04 Jupiter Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. It’s composed mostly of hydrogen and helium
  • 27. Prevention Venus Jupiter Mars Saturn 01 02 03 04 Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is cold It’s a gas giant and has rings Jupiter is the biggest planet
  • 28. Treatment Hormones Medicines Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot 01. 02.
  • 29. You can replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just right-click on it and select “Replace image” Our website
  • 30. Recommendations You can describe what the patient shouldn’t do here You can describe what the patient shouldn’t do here You can describe what the patient shouldn’t do here You can describe what the patient shouldn’t do here You can describe what the patient should do here You can describe what the patient should do here You can describe what the patient should do here You can describe what the patient should do here
  • 31. Conclusions Do you know what helps you make your point clear and understandable? Lists like this one: ● They’re simple ● You can organize your ideas clearly ● You’ll never forget to buy milk! And the most important thing: the audience won’t miss the point of your presentation
  • 32. Our team Michael Doe You can speak a bit about this person here Timmy Jimmy You can speak a bit about this person here Susan Bones You can speak a bit about this person here
  • 33. References ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher ● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher
  • 34. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik Thanks! Do you have any questions? youremail@freepik.com +91 620 421 838 yourcompany.com Please keep this slide for attribution
  • 35. Alternative resources Vectors: ● Women climacteric concept illustration ● Gynecology concept illustration
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  • 40. Create your Story with our illustrated concepts. Choose the style you like the most, edit its colors, pick the background and layers you want to show and bring them to life with the animator panel! It will boost your presentation. Check out how it works. Pana Amico Bro Rafiki Cuate Storyset
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  • 44. JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE PHASE 1 PHASE 2 Task 1 Task 2 Task 1 Task 2 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL PHASE 1 Task 1 Task 2
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Editor's Notes

  1. El hígado graso agudo del embarazo (AFLP, por sus siglas en inglés) es una afección rara pero potencialmente fatal caracterizada por insuficiencia hepática. emergencia obstétrica aunque no es exclusiva de este poco frecuente y expone una patología grave, propósito, describir la patología, su presentación clínica, diagnóstico y abordaje terapéutico, enfatizado a que éste último es particularmente importante para disminuir el alto riesgo al que se exponen la madre y su hijo
  2. os Estados Unidos, el dibujante Alex Raymond crea la historieta Flash Gordon para la empresa King Features Syndicate. 2nda edicion del mundial de futbol de fifa Italia gana su primera Copa Mundial de Fútbol al ganar en la final a Checoslovaquia por 2-1. William Parry Murphy. Medico us premio novel por descubrir tx anemia perniciosa con medicina a base de estracto de higado de bacalao. Debido a las diferentes poblaciones de estudio, la incidencia informada varía
  3. Ts hepáticos como la colestasis intrahepática del embarazo. Ts metabolicos dmII dislipidemias. .
  4. Fisiológicamente, durante la actividad o en periodos de ayuno los ácidos grasos son moléculas que se oxidan para que se conviertan en fuentes de energía para el cerebro, corazón y músculo esquelético. enzimas placentarias descomponen los triglicéridos en ácidos grasos libres, que luego se transfieren al feto. enzima 3 hidroxiacil-CoA deshidrogenasa de cadena larga (LCHAD) PARTICIPA EN betaoxidación de los ácidos grasos mitocondriales. en la madre y en el feto. GLICEROL es usado por el hígado para la síntesis de triglicéridos o para la gluconeogénesis.  Carnitina transportador de acidos grasos en la matris mitocondrial. involucra 2 procesos mutación homocigótica o heterocigótica compuesta que da como resultado un defecto enzimático. capacidad disminuida para lograr la oxidación de ácidos grasos al final del embarazo
  5. MUTACION AUTOSOMICA RESESIVA exceso de ácidos grasos de cadena larga a nivel fetal defectos en la vía de oxidación de los ácidos grasos de la unidad fetal-placentaria, estos productos se acumulan y entran en la circulación materna.
  6. El mecanismo que conduce a la acumulación de ácidos grasos y metabolitos en el compartimento materno INVOLUCRA 2 PROCESOS 1- la unidad fetal-placentaria comparte una mutación homocigótica o heterocigótica compuesta que da como resultado un defecto enzimático. 2- capacidad disminuida para lograr la oxidación de ácidos grasos al final del embarazo, lo que conduce a una incapacidad para eliminar eficazmente los metabolitos de ácidos grasos acumulados que se han transferido desde la unidad placentaria fetal deficiente.
  7. La clínica es inespecífica y varía en función de las series de casos revisadas; semeja en estadios iniciales una viriasis con malestar general, fatiga, anorexia, náuseas y vómitos
  8. La biopsia hepática se recomienda en el posparto y solo en caso de duda diagnóstica11. Hepatocitos edematosos, con el citoplasma lleno de microvesículas que respetan la zona perinu- clear, con escasa necrosis hepatocelular y poca fibro- sis
  9. Para interpretar la batería de pruebas de laboratorio que se utilizan para diagnosticar la AFLP, es fundamental comprender los cambios fisiológicos normales del embarazo y sus alteraciones de laboratorio asociadas.
  10. la utilidad de tales hallazgos es limitada. 6 de los criterios enumerados. Estos criterios están validados y son efectivos; sin embargo, utilizarlos requiere el uso de modalidades de prueba que pueden no estar fácilmente disponibles en todas las instalaciones. exámenes de laboratorio que incluyen: hipoglicemia, aumento de leucocitos, bilirrubina, amoniaco sérico, creatinina y de transaminasas, hasta alteraciones de las pruebas de coagulación con prolongación de la protrombina y la disminución del fibrinógeno. Los estudios de imágenes han demostrado tener baja sensibilidad, 20% siendo el ultrasonido la modalidad con mayor valor que la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC)
  11. El uso de estudios de imagen es solo para descartar dx diferenciales. Por ejemplo, una ecografía del cuadrante superior derecho puede ser útil para diagnosticar un hematoma hepático en el contexto del síndrome HELLP. encontramos un aumento de ecogenicidad proporcional a los niveles lipídicos depositados, aunque la normalidad de esta prueba no descarta el diagnóstico
  12. Dada la fisiopatología subyacente de la enfermedad, se entiende que el daño hepático continuará hasta que nazca el feto. Por lo tanto el tx sera finalizar el embarazo y para ello se realizan medidas de soporte específicas en función de las alteraciones clínicas y analíticas 2- plasma fresco congelado o crioprecipitado mantener fibrinogeno >150mg/dl plaquetas a un nivel superior a 50.000 / mL
  13. el diagnóstico por sí solo no es una indicación para el parto por cesárea. Desembarazo se preriere parto por la coagulopatía grave en estas pacientes. Si se persigue el parto vaginal, se deben evitar los traumatismos vaginales, como la episiotomía. cesarea No recomendamos el uso de una incisión de Pfannenstiel y preferimos una incisión cutánea en la línea media vertical en el momento del parto por cesárea. Este enfoque aprovecha los planos quirúrgicos avasculares naturales y permite la exploración de la parte superior del abdomen si es necesario. ANESTESIA puede ser necesaria una reevaluación de los índices de laboratorio antes de retirar un catéter epidural, ya que el nadir de los estudios de coagulación y el recuento de plaquetas pueden empeorar y no recuperarse hasta varios días después del parto. general puede ser necesaria para la protección de las vías respiratorias de la madre, la coagulopatía profunda que prohíbe la anestesia regional o en el contexto de una descompensación fetal que requiera una cesárea urgente.
  14. Las mediciones seriadas de la función hematológica, hepática y renal la coagulopatía de consumo mejora entre 4 y 6 días después aumento del fibrinógeno plasmático y la disminución del dímero-D La disfunción hepática generalmente comienza a mejorar de 1 a 2 días después del parto. niveles de 100 unidades / L / L o menos, y pueden permanecer levemente elevados durante varias semanas. Por el contrario, la recuperación renal medida por la creatinina sérica puede requerir de 7 a 10 días.
  15. PANCREATITIS Esto se maneja de forma conservadora con hidratación intravenosa, analgesia y descompresión nasogástrica.