cancer colorrectal

1. Illustration by Smart-Servier Medical Art
El cáncer
colorrectal
Presentado por: Dra. Cinthia Arzeno

2. Cáncer colorrectal: Definición
Signos y síntomas
Causas
¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer colorrectal?
¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer colorrectal?
Tratamiento
Contenido

3. Introducción
El cáncer colorrectal se origina cuando
células sanas del revestimiento interno
del colon o del recto cambian y crecen
sin control, y forman una masa
denominada tumor. Un tumor puede
ser canceroso o benigno. Un tumor
canceroso es maligno, lo que significa
que puede crecer y diseminarse a otras
partes del cuerpo. Un tumor benigno
significa que el tumor puede crecer,
pero no se diseminará.
Tercera causa de mortalidad después de
cáncer de pulmón y próstata en varones.
Y en mujeres segunda causa después
del cáncer de mama.

4. Illustration by Smart-Servier Medical Art
Cáncer
colorrectal:
Definición
Crecimiento de células de forma descontrolada en
tejidos de colon y/o recto.
- Proceso lento Años
Su colon y recto son parte de su sistema digestivo:
El colon es la primera y más larga parte de su intestino
grueso. Absorbe agua y algunos nutrientes de los
alimentos. También convierte los productos de desecho
sobrantes en heces (excremento)
El recto es la parte inferior de su intestino grueso. Es
donde su cuerpo almacena las heces.
El cáncer que comienza en el colon
se llama cáncer de colon y el que
comienza en el recto se llama cáncer
de recto. El cáncer que afecta
cualquiera de estas partes también
puede llamarse cáncer colorrectal.

5. Factores de riesgo
¿Qué causa el cáncer colorrectal?
El cáncer colorrectal ocurre cuando hay cambios en su material genético (ADN).
Estos cambios también se conocen como mutaciones o variantes. Lo más
frecuente es que se desconozcan las causas que provocan el cáncer colorrectal.
Sin embargo, los siguientes factores pueden aumentar el riesgo de una persona
de desarrollar cáncer colorrectal
Edad Raza Sexo
Antecedentes
familiares de
cáncer
colorrectal
obesidad
Enfermedad
inflamatoria
intestinal (EII)

6. Illustration by Smart-Servier Medical Art
Pólipos adenomatosos (adenomas). Los pólipos no son cáncer, pero
algunos tipos de pólipos, denominados adenomas, pueden
transformase con el tiempo en cáncer colorrectal. Los pólipos, a
menudo, se pueden extirpar por completo con una herramienta
durante una colonoscopia, una prueba en la que el médico
introduce un tubo iluminado para ver dentro del colon del
paciente, después de sedarlo. La extirpación de los pólipos puede
prevenir el cáncer colorrectal. Las personas que han tenido
adenomas son más propensas a tener pólipos nuevamente y a
sufrir cáncer colorrectal, por lo que deben realizarse exámenes de
detección de seguimiento en forma periódica (consulte Detección).
Antecedentes personales de ciertos tipos de cáncer.
Las personas con antecedentes personales de cáncer
colorrectal o con un diagnóstico de cáncer de ovario o
cáncer de útero son más propensas a desarrollar
cáncer colorrectal.

7. Illustration by Smart-Servier Medical Art
Inactividad física y obesidad. Es posible que las personas con
un estilo de vida sedentario, es decir, que no hacen ejercicio
físico en forma regular y permanecen mucho tiempo
sentadas, y quienes tienen sobrepeso y obesidad corran un
mayor riesgo de contraer cáncer colorrectal.
Alimentación/dieta. Las investigaciones actuales vinculan de
manera sistemática el mayor consumo de carnes rojas y
carnes procesadas con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar la
enfermedad. También se han estudiado otros factores
dietarios para saber si afectan el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer
colorrectal, pero los datos son menos consistentes sobre qué
dietas o alimentos cambian el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal
de una persona.
Tabaquismo. Estudios recientes han demostrado que los
fumadores tienen más posibilidades de morir de cáncer
colorrectal que los no fumadores. Obtenga más información
sobre dejar de fumar.

8. Disease prevalence
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
15-30% of the population
in these regions are
affected by the disease
6-14% of the population
in these regions are
affected by the disease
0-5% of the population
in these regions are
affected by the disease

9. Symptoms and diagnosis
Most common
symptoms
Use this slide to display the
most common symptoms of the
disease being discussed.
Include a graph with a clear title
and labels for each axis. You can
also explain how the disease is
diagnosed, including the types
of tests or procedures used, to
help your audience understand
how it is identified and treated
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here

10. Risk
factors
Description Prevalence
Contributing
factors
Complications Severity
Age over 50
Being over the
age of 50
80% of cases
Age-related
decline in
immune function
Heart attack, stroke, kidney
damage, blindness
High
Smoking
Using tobacco
products
30% of cases
Nicotine
addiction,
exposure to
carcinogens
Lung cancer, chronic
obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)
Moderate
High blood
pressure
Blood pressure
consistently
above 140/90
mm Hg
40% of cases
Obesity, stress,
genetics
Heart disease, stroke,
kidney damage, vision loss
High
Family
history of
disease
Genetic
predisposition to
the disease
10% of cases Family history
Heart disease, stroke,
kidney damage, blindness
Moderate
Risk factors and complications

11. Disease history
Discovery Early research First treatment Milestone
discoveries
Treatment Epidemic outbreak Current research Future directions

12. Diagnosis and treatment flowchart
Start
Diagnostic test
Patient
symptoms
Diagnosis
confirmed
List the symptoms the
patient is experiencing:
A. Write the symptoms
of the patient
B. Write the symptoms
of the patient
C. Write the symptoms
of the patient
List the diagnostic tests
that were performed:
A. Write the diagnostic
test performed
B. Write the diagnostic
test performed
C. Write the diagnostic
test performed
Prescribe
treatment
List the recommended
treatment options
A. Write the
treatment options
A. Write the
treatment options
A. Write the
treatment options
End
This step represents the
confirmation or ruling
out of a specific disease
diagnosis based on the
results of the patient’s
diagnostic tests

13. Real life impact
A photo showcase can be a useful addition to any
presentation, as it showcases the most human side
of every subject

14. Region
Number of
disease cases
Percentage
of cases
North 1,000 20%
South 2,500 50%
East 1,200 24%
Disease management
Number of cases of the
disease over time
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
● Describe the trend of the disease cases
over time
● Provide key insights or observations
about the graph
● Explain any significant changes or
patterns in the graph
● List the regions or areas relevant to
the disease
● Enter the number of cases for each
region or area
● Describe any notable variations or
trends among the regions
● Provide additional details or
observations about the table

15. Disease overview and conclusions
Information
Causes Genetic, environmental and
lifestyle factors
Symptoms Fatigue, weight loss, joint
pain, fever and rash
Diagnosis Blood tests, imaging tests
and biopsy
Treatment Medications, surgery and
lifestyle changes
Prevention Vaccination, hygiene and
avoiding high-risk behaviors
Key findings
● Summarize the most important or relevant
aspects of the disease
● Use bullet points to present the key
findings in a clear and organized manner
Conclusions
In this section, summarize the key findings
from the disease study
Provide an overview of the implications for
the current diagnosis and treatment plan
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