Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Infected Patients.Predict It and Prevent It.2015Hivlife Info
In this downloadable slideset, Priscilla Y. Hsue, MD, and David A. Wohl, MD, discuss data on using traditional and newer markers and modalities to predict and prevent cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 3.21 MB
Date posted: 7/16/2015
HIV and Cardiovascular Disease.How Worried Should We Be ? 2015Hivlife Info
In this downloadable slideset, David A. Wohl, MD, reviews the association between HIV and cardiovascular disease, including potential contributing factors and best practices in prevention.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 5.01 MB
Date posted: 6/26/2015
A new options for hiv prevention slides.2013Hivlife Info
This document discusses new options for HIV prevention through the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Observational studies and the HPTN 052 clinical trial showed that ART can significantly decrease the risk of transmitting HIV, with a 96% reduction in risk seen in the HPTN 052 trial. However, real-world adherence to lifelong ART may be challenging and is not as high as was achieved in HPTN 052 through intensive support strategies. U.S. guidelines now recommend ART for all HIV-infected individuals, but limitations remain regarding how well ART prevents transmission through different risk behaviors or in situations where adherence is imperfect.
Integrating Recent Data When Selecting First-line Antiretroviral Therapy.2015...Hivlife Info
Joseph J. Eron Jr., MD
W. David Hardy, MD
Paul E. Sax, MD
How do leading experts select first-line antiretroviral therapy for their HIV-infected patients?
Review these downloadable slides for key clinical trial data and the latest DHHS recommendations for first-line antiretroviral therapy.
What’s New in Coformulated Antiretroviral Regimens.2014Hivlife Info
Andrew R. Zolopa, MD, discusses how new agents are contributing to the development of novel coformulated antiretroviral agents and regimens.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.33 MB
In this downloadable slideset, Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH, reviews the evidence behind the latest antiretroviral guidelines and offers a glimpse at upcoming agents currently under investigation.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 3.00 MB
Date posted: 6/15/2015
Modern European Guidelines on HIV Treatment 2016. Key Updateshivlifeinfo
This document summarizes key points from modern European guidelines on HIV treatment. It discusses factors to consider when deciding when to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) and which first-line regimen to use. Major studies like START and FLAMINGO provided evidence that immediate ART improves health outcomes and that dolutegravir is as effective as protease inhibitor-based regimens. Guidelines now recommend starting all patients on ART due to its prevention of HIV-related diseases and transmission. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) shows improved bone and kidney outcomes compared to tenofovir DF (TDF) in switch studies.
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусными гепатитами.Conte...hivlifeinfo
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусными гепатитами.Contemporary Management of HIV. Managing HIV in Viral Hepatitis Coinfection.2016
In this downloadable slideset, David L. Wyles, MD, and Program Director Eric S. Daar, MD, review key data and optimal approaches for ART management in patients with HIV and viral hepatitis coinfection.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.85 MB
Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Infected Patients.Predict It and Prevent It.2015Hivlife Info
In this downloadable slideset, Priscilla Y. Hsue, MD, and David A. Wohl, MD, discuss data on using traditional and newer markers and modalities to predict and prevent cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 3.21 MB
Date posted: 7/16/2015
HIV and Cardiovascular Disease.How Worried Should We Be ? 2015Hivlife Info
In this downloadable slideset, David A. Wohl, MD, reviews the association between HIV and cardiovascular disease, including potential contributing factors and best practices in prevention.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 5.01 MB
Date posted: 6/26/2015
A new options for hiv prevention slides.2013Hivlife Info
This document discusses new options for HIV prevention through the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Observational studies and the HPTN 052 clinical trial showed that ART can significantly decrease the risk of transmitting HIV, with a 96% reduction in risk seen in the HPTN 052 trial. However, real-world adherence to lifelong ART may be challenging and is not as high as was achieved in HPTN 052 through intensive support strategies. U.S. guidelines now recommend ART for all HIV-infected individuals, but limitations remain regarding how well ART prevents transmission through different risk behaviors or in situations where adherence is imperfect.
Integrating Recent Data When Selecting First-line Antiretroviral Therapy.2015...Hivlife Info
Joseph J. Eron Jr., MD
W. David Hardy, MD
Paul E. Sax, MD
How do leading experts select first-line antiretroviral therapy for their HIV-infected patients?
Review these downloadable slides for key clinical trial data and the latest DHHS recommendations for first-line antiretroviral therapy.
What’s New in Coformulated Antiretroviral Regimens.2014Hivlife Info
Andrew R. Zolopa, MD, discusses how new agents are contributing to the development of novel coformulated antiretroviral agents and regimens.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.33 MB
In this downloadable slideset, Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH, reviews the evidence behind the latest antiretroviral guidelines and offers a glimpse at upcoming agents currently under investigation.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 3.00 MB
Date posted: 6/15/2015
Modern European Guidelines on HIV Treatment 2016. Key Updateshivlifeinfo
This document summarizes key points from modern European guidelines on HIV treatment. It discusses factors to consider when deciding when to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) and which first-line regimen to use. Major studies like START and FLAMINGO provided evidence that immediate ART improves health outcomes and that dolutegravir is as effective as protease inhibitor-based regimens. Guidelines now recommend starting all patients on ART due to its prevention of HIV-related diseases and transmission. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) shows improved bone and kidney outcomes compared to tenofovir DF (TDF) in switch studies.
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусными гепатитами.Conte...hivlifeinfo
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у пациентов с вирусными гепатитами.Contemporary Management of HIV. Managing HIV in Viral Hepatitis Coinfection.2016
In this downloadable slideset, David L. Wyles, MD, and Program Director Eric S. Daar, MD, review key data and optimal approaches for ART management in patients with HIV and viral hepatitis coinfection.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.85 MB
Сравнение режимов лечения ВИЧ в разрезе различных клинических сценариев.ART...hivlifeinfo
This downloadable slideset summarizes optimal evidence-based antiretroviral therapy management strategies for a series of challenging clinical cases and is based on a satellite symposium presented at HIV Glasgow 2016.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.32 MB
Date posted: 11/11/2016
Clinical Impact of New HIV Data From the 2016 Comorbidities-Adverse Drug Reac...hivlifeinfo
In this downloadable slideset, expert faculty members Todd T. Brown, MD, PhD, and Jordan E. Lake, MD, MSc, review key studies presented at the 2016 Comorbidities/Adverse Drug Reactions Workshop.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.37 MB
Date posted: 10/14/2016
In this downloadable slideset, Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH, and Anton L. Pozniak, MD, FRCP, review key studies presented at the 2015 ICAAC, IDWeek, and EACS meetings.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.64 MB
Date posted: 11/10/2015
Should Integrase Inhibitors Be Your First Choice When Starting HIV Therapy- E...Hivlife Info
In this downloadable slideset, Joseph J. Eron, Jr., MD, and Daniel Kuritzkes, MD, review key data on the evolving use of INSTIs in patients beginning HIV therapy.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.29 MB
Why, when, and how to use pre exposure prophylaxis for hiv acquisition. 2014Hivlife Info
In this downloadable slide set, Marcy S. Gelman, RN, MSN, MPH, and Kevin M. O’Hara, PA, review essential considerations for midlevel providers administering PrEP
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 825 KB
Date posted: 9/29/2014
Современное лечение ВИЧ : АРТ как профилактика.Contemporary Management of HIV...hivlifeinfo
Contemporary Management of HIV. Antiretroviral Therapy As Prevention.2016
In this downloadable slideset, Kenneth Mayer, MD, and Program Director Eric S. Daar, MD, review key data and optimal approaches for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis in patients at risk for HIV infection.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.13 MB
Clinical Impact of Data From the CROI 2015,SeattleHivlife Info
This document summarizes key findings from the 2015 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections regarding HIV prevention and antiretroviral therapy. Studies presented showed that immediate use of PrEP reduced HIV risk by 86% compared to deferred use in high-risk MSM. On-demand PrEP also reduced risk by 86% in another study of MSM. Combining ART and PrEP in serodiscordant couples reduced expected infections by 96%. Regarding ART, tenofovir alafenamide fumarate was found to be noninferior to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at week 48, with less impact on renal and bone safety markers.
IAS 2015.8th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Preventionhivlifeinfo
Highlights of IAS 2015
In this downloadable slideset, Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP, FRCPA; Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH; and Anton L. Pozniak, MD, FRCP, review key studies presented at the 2015 International AIDS Society conference.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.73 MB
Современное лечение ВИЧ: модификация АРТ у пациентов с вирусной супрессией и ...hivlifeinfo
Современное лечение ВИЧ: модификация АРТ у пациентов с вирусной супрессией и у пациентов с вирусологической неудачей. /Contemporary Management of HIV. Modifying Antiretroviral Therapy in Virologically Suppressed Patients and Those With Treatment Failure.2016
In this downloadable slideset, W. David Hardy, MD, and Program Director Eric S. Daar, MD review key data and optimal approaches for modifying ART in patients who are virologically suppressed or have experienced treatment failure.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.07 MB
HIV Alert:ART Considerations for Aging Patients.2018hivlifeinfo
In this downloadable slideset, Eric S. Daar, MD, and David A. Wohl, MD, provide expert recommendations for older patients with HIV, both in terms of ART selection and general management.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 545 KB
Date posted: 2/12/2018
Аллопуринол и прогрессирование ХБП и кардиоваскулярные события. РКИ / Allopur...hivlifeinfo
Allopurinol and Progression of CKD and Cardiovascular Events- Long-term Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Apr
Background:Asymptomatic hyperuricemia increases renal and cardiovascular (CV) risk. We previously
conducted a 2-year, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial of allopurinol treatment that showed improved
estimated glomerular filtration rate and reduced CV risk.
Study Design:Post hoc analysis of a long-term follow-up after completion of the 2-year trial.
Setting & Participants:113 participants (57 in the allopurinol group and 56 in the control group) initially
followed up for 2 years and 107 participants followed up to 5 additional years.
Intervention: Continuation of allopurinol treatment, 100 mg/d, or standard treatment.
Outcome:Renal event (defined as starting dialysis therapy and/or doubling serum creatinine and/or$50%
decrease in estimated estimated glomerular filtration rate) and CV events (defined as myocardial infarction,
coronary revascularization or angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease).
Results:During initial follow-up, there were 2 renal and 7 CV events in the allopurinol group compared with
6 renal and 15 CV events in the control group. In the long-term follow-up period, 12 of 56 participants taking
allopurinol stopped treatment and 10 of 51 control participants received allopurinol. During long-term follow-up,
an additional 7 and 9 participants in the allopurinol group experienced a renal or CV event, respectively, and an
additional 18 and 8 participants in the control group experienced a renal or CV event, respectively. Thus,
during the initial and long-term follow-up (median, 84 months), 9 patients in the allopurinol group had a
renal event compared with 24 patients in the control group (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15-0.69; P50.004;
adjusted for age, sex, baseline kidney function, uric acid level, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
blockers). Overall, 16 patients treated with allopurinol experienced CV events compared with 23 in the
control group (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.88;P50.02; adjusted for age, sex, and baseline kidney function).
Limitations:Small sample size, single center, not double blind, post hoc follow-up and analysis.
Conclusions: Long-term treatment with allopurinol may slow the rate of progression of kidney disease and
reduce CV risk.
Начало АРТ впервые.Наилучшая практика.Best Practices in Antiretroviral Therap...hivlifeinfo
Best Practices in Antiretroviral Therapy: Initiating First-line Therapy
In this downloadable slideset, Charles B. Hicks, MD, discusses data on initiating antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.16 MB
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у женщин.2017/Contemporary Management of...hivlifeinfo
In this downloadable slideset, Kathleen E. Squires, MD, and Program Director Joseph J. Eron, Jr., MD, review key data and optimal strategies in caring for HIV-infected women, including ART safety and efficacy in women, reproductive health management, ART and pregnancy, and preventing HIV infection in women.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.59 MB
Date posted: 4/25/2017
Contemporary Management of HIV.How Common Comorbidities Affect ART Management...hivlifeinfo
In this downloadable slideset, expert faculty review key data and offer important guidance on managing HIV treatment in patients with frequently encountered comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, osteopenia, and HCV coinfection.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.27 MB
Date posted: 2/12/2018
Топ достижений лечения ВИЧ в 2017 г / Top Advances in ART for 2017hivlifeinfo
Top Advances in ART for 2017
In this downloadable slideset, Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH, provides a comprehensive update on ART management.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 579 KB
Date posted: 3/29/2017
In this downloadable slideset, Joseph J. Eron, Jr., MD, reviews the evidence behind the latest antiretroviral guidelines and offers a glimpse at potential future agents and strategies currently under investigation.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.06 MB
Date posted: 6/1/2016
Современное лечение ВИЧ : лечение возрастных пациентов.2017/Contemporary Management of HIV. Management of Aging Patients.2017
In this downloadable slideset, Edgar Turner Overton, MD, and Program Director Joseph J. Eron, Jr., MD, review key data on managing aging patients with HIV.
Source: Contemporary Management of HIV
Date Posted: 4/24/2017
Модификация схем АРТ у пациентов с вирусной супрессией и после вирусологичес...hivlifeinfo
This document discusses best practices for switching antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in virologically suppressed patients and after virologic failure. It provides an overview of reasons to consider switching ART in suppressed patients, such as improving tolerability or managing drug interactions. Principles of switching include reviewing resistance history and increasing viral load monitoring post-switch. Studies show switching from efavirenz-containing regimens can improve neurological side effects. Switching to newer regimens like dolutegravir or elvitegravir/cobicistat was found to maintain viral suppression in most patients.
Современное лечение ВИЧ: новые подходы к оптимизации АРТ/Contemporary Managem...hivlifeinfo
Вопросы, связанные с АРТ первого ряда, смена арв-стратегии для пациентов с вирусной супрессией, акцентом на возрастающую роль новыхантиретровирусных стратегий.
HIV/AIDS Update From Boston 2014.CCO Official Conference Coverage.March 3-6,2014hivlifeinfo
This document summarizes key findings from the 2014 Annual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections held March 3-6, 2014 in Boston, Massachusetts. It discusses results from several clinical trials comparing different antiretroviral regimens for HIV/AIDS treatment and management. Key findings include data showing dolutegravir to be superior to efavirenz in treatment-naive patients and elvitegravir/cobicistat to be non-inferior to protease inhibitor or NNRTI-based regimens when switching suppressed patients.
Сравнение режимов лечения ВИЧ в разрезе различных клинических сценариев.ART...hivlifeinfo
This downloadable slideset summarizes optimal evidence-based antiretroviral therapy management strategies for a series of challenging clinical cases and is based on a satellite symposium presented at HIV Glasgow 2016.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.32 MB
Date posted: 11/11/2016
Clinical Impact of New HIV Data From the 2016 Comorbidities-Adverse Drug Reac...hivlifeinfo
In this downloadable slideset, expert faculty members Todd T. Brown, MD, PhD, and Jordan E. Lake, MD, MSc, review key studies presented at the 2016 Comorbidities/Adverse Drug Reactions Workshop.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.37 MB
Date posted: 10/14/2016
In this downloadable slideset, Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH, and Anton L. Pozniak, MD, FRCP, review key studies presented at the 2015 ICAAC, IDWeek, and EACS meetings.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.64 MB
Date posted: 11/10/2015
Should Integrase Inhibitors Be Your First Choice When Starting HIV Therapy- E...Hivlife Info
In this downloadable slideset, Joseph J. Eron, Jr., MD, and Daniel Kuritzkes, MD, review key data on the evolving use of INSTIs in patients beginning HIV therapy.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.29 MB
Why, when, and how to use pre exposure prophylaxis for hiv acquisition. 2014Hivlife Info
In this downloadable slide set, Marcy S. Gelman, RN, MSN, MPH, and Kevin M. O’Hara, PA, review essential considerations for midlevel providers administering PrEP
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 825 KB
Date posted: 9/29/2014
Современное лечение ВИЧ : АРТ как профилактика.Contemporary Management of HIV...hivlifeinfo
Contemporary Management of HIV. Antiretroviral Therapy As Prevention.2016
In this downloadable slideset, Kenneth Mayer, MD, and Program Director Eric S. Daar, MD, review key data and optimal approaches for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis in patients at risk for HIV infection.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.13 MB
Clinical Impact of Data From the CROI 2015,SeattleHivlife Info
This document summarizes key findings from the 2015 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections regarding HIV prevention and antiretroviral therapy. Studies presented showed that immediate use of PrEP reduced HIV risk by 86% compared to deferred use in high-risk MSM. On-demand PrEP also reduced risk by 86% in another study of MSM. Combining ART and PrEP in serodiscordant couples reduced expected infections by 96%. Regarding ART, tenofovir alafenamide fumarate was found to be noninferior to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at week 48, with less impact on renal and bone safety markers.
IAS 2015.8th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Preventionhivlifeinfo
Highlights of IAS 2015
In this downloadable slideset, Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP, FRCPA; Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH; and Anton L. Pozniak, MD, FRCP, review key studies presented at the 2015 International AIDS Society conference.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.73 MB
Современное лечение ВИЧ: модификация АРТ у пациентов с вирусной супрессией и ...hivlifeinfo
Современное лечение ВИЧ: модификация АРТ у пациентов с вирусной супрессией и у пациентов с вирусологической неудачей. /Contemporary Management of HIV. Modifying Antiretroviral Therapy in Virologically Suppressed Patients and Those With Treatment Failure.2016
In this downloadable slideset, W. David Hardy, MD, and Program Director Eric S. Daar, MD review key data and optimal approaches for modifying ART in patients who are virologically suppressed or have experienced treatment failure.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.07 MB
HIV Alert:ART Considerations for Aging Patients.2018hivlifeinfo
In this downloadable slideset, Eric S. Daar, MD, and David A. Wohl, MD, provide expert recommendations for older patients with HIV, both in terms of ART selection and general management.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 545 KB
Date posted: 2/12/2018
Аллопуринол и прогрессирование ХБП и кардиоваскулярные события. РКИ / Allopur...hivlifeinfo
Allopurinol and Progression of CKD and Cardiovascular Events- Long-term Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Apr
Background:Asymptomatic hyperuricemia increases renal and cardiovascular (CV) risk. We previously
conducted a 2-year, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial of allopurinol treatment that showed improved
estimated glomerular filtration rate and reduced CV risk.
Study Design:Post hoc analysis of a long-term follow-up after completion of the 2-year trial.
Setting & Participants:113 participants (57 in the allopurinol group and 56 in the control group) initially
followed up for 2 years and 107 participants followed up to 5 additional years.
Intervention: Continuation of allopurinol treatment, 100 mg/d, or standard treatment.
Outcome:Renal event (defined as starting dialysis therapy and/or doubling serum creatinine and/or$50%
decrease in estimated estimated glomerular filtration rate) and CV events (defined as myocardial infarction,
coronary revascularization or angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease).
Results:During initial follow-up, there were 2 renal and 7 CV events in the allopurinol group compared with
6 renal and 15 CV events in the control group. In the long-term follow-up period, 12 of 56 participants taking
allopurinol stopped treatment and 10 of 51 control participants received allopurinol. During long-term follow-up,
an additional 7 and 9 participants in the allopurinol group experienced a renal or CV event, respectively, and an
additional 18 and 8 participants in the control group experienced a renal or CV event, respectively. Thus,
during the initial and long-term follow-up (median, 84 months), 9 patients in the allopurinol group had a
renal event compared with 24 patients in the control group (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15-0.69; P50.004;
adjusted for age, sex, baseline kidney function, uric acid level, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
blockers). Overall, 16 patients treated with allopurinol experienced CV events compared with 23 in the
control group (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.88;P50.02; adjusted for age, sex, and baseline kidney function).
Limitations:Small sample size, single center, not double blind, post hoc follow-up and analysis.
Conclusions: Long-term treatment with allopurinol may slow the rate of progression of kidney disease and
reduce CV risk.
Начало АРТ впервые.Наилучшая практика.Best Practices in Antiretroviral Therap...hivlifeinfo
Best Practices in Antiretroviral Therapy: Initiating First-line Therapy
In this downloadable slideset, Charles B. Hicks, MD, discusses data on initiating antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.16 MB
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение ВИЧ у женщин.2017/Contemporary Management of...hivlifeinfo
In this downloadable slideset, Kathleen E. Squires, MD, and Program Director Joseph J. Eron, Jr., MD, review key data and optimal strategies in caring for HIV-infected women, including ART safety and efficacy in women, reproductive health management, ART and pregnancy, and preventing HIV infection in women.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.59 MB
Date posted: 4/25/2017
Contemporary Management of HIV.How Common Comorbidities Affect ART Management...hivlifeinfo
In this downloadable slideset, expert faculty review key data and offer important guidance on managing HIV treatment in patients with frequently encountered comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, osteopenia, and HCV coinfection.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.27 MB
Date posted: 2/12/2018
Топ достижений лечения ВИЧ в 2017 г / Top Advances in ART for 2017hivlifeinfo
Top Advances in ART for 2017
In this downloadable slideset, Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH, provides a comprehensive update on ART management.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 579 KB
Date posted: 3/29/2017
In this downloadable slideset, Joseph J. Eron, Jr., MD, reviews the evidence behind the latest antiretroviral guidelines and offers a glimpse at potential future agents and strategies currently under investigation.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 2.06 MB
Date posted: 6/1/2016
Современное лечение ВИЧ : лечение возрастных пациентов.2017/Contemporary Management of HIV. Management of Aging Patients.2017
In this downloadable slideset, Edgar Turner Overton, MD, and Program Director Joseph J. Eron, Jr., MD, review key data on managing aging patients with HIV.
Source: Contemporary Management of HIV
Date Posted: 4/24/2017
Модификация схем АРТ у пациентов с вирусной супрессией и после вирусологичес...hivlifeinfo
This document discusses best practices for switching antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in virologically suppressed patients and after virologic failure. It provides an overview of reasons to consider switching ART in suppressed patients, such as improving tolerability or managing drug interactions. Principles of switching include reviewing resistance history and increasing viral load monitoring post-switch. Studies show switching from efavirenz-containing regimens can improve neurological side effects. Switching to newer regimens like dolutegravir or elvitegravir/cobicistat was found to maintain viral suppression in most patients.
Современное лечение ВИЧ: новые подходы к оптимизации АРТ/Contemporary Managem...hivlifeinfo
Вопросы, связанные с АРТ первого ряда, смена арв-стратегии для пациентов с вирусной супрессией, акцентом на возрастающую роль новыхантиретровирусных стратегий.
HIV/AIDS Update From Boston 2014.CCO Official Conference Coverage.March 3-6,2014hivlifeinfo
This document summarizes key findings from the 2014 Annual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections held March 3-6, 2014 in Boston, Massachusetts. It discusses results from several clinical trials comparing different antiretroviral regimens for HIV/AIDS treatment and management. Key findings include data showing dolutegravir to be superior to efavirenz in treatment-naive patients and elvitegravir/cobicistat to be non-inferior to protease inhibitor or NNRTI-based regimens when switching suppressed patients.
Highlights of AIDS 2014 .CCO Official Conference Coverage of the 20th Interna...hivlifeinfo
This document summarizes highlights from the 20th International AIDS Conference held in Melbourne, Australia from July 20-25, 2014. It provides an overview of several studies presented at the conference related to antiretroviral therapy, including studies showing that switching to simpler dual-drug regimens was noninferior to triple therapy in suppressed patients, and that dolutegravir maintained activity against HIV even in the presence of NRTI resistance. A sub-analysis found that lower levels of pre-existing NRTI resistance were associated with increased risk of virologic failure on a second-line regimen.
This document provides an overview and summary of recent data on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV. Key findings include:
- A study in Thailand found that daily oral tenofovir reduced HIV infection risk among injection drug users by 48.9%, leading to new guidelines recommending PrEP for high-risk drug users.
- US demonstration projects found high adherence to PrEP among at-risk populations, with tenofovir levels indicating protection.
- Multiple studies found dolutegravir to be superior to other regimens in treatment-naive patients, maintaining activity even at high viral loads.
- No transmissions occurred in a large study of serodiscordant couples where the
What’s New in Coformulated Antiretroviral Regimens.2014hivlifeinfo
This document discusses a presentation on new coformulated antiretroviral regimens given by Dr. Andrew Zolopa. It provides information on:
1) Currently available coformulated antiretroviral agents and regimens, including those containing cobicistat as a new boosting agent.
2) Clinical trial results showing noninferiority of elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir/emtricitabine to efavirenz- and atazanavir/ritonavir-based regimens.
3) Ongoing studies of dolutegravir-containing regimens in treatment-naive patients.
A New Options for HIV Prevention.The Role of Antiretroviralshivlifeinfo
This document provides an overview of new options for HIV prevention through the use of antiretrovirals (ARVs). It summarizes evidence that early initiation of ARV therapy (ART) can reduce the risk of HIV transmission by suppressing viral load. The HPTN 052 clinical trial found that immediate ART initiation reduced HIV transmission within serodiscordant couples by 96% compared to delayed initiation. However, challenges to implementing ART for prevention include ensuring adherence to lifelong therapy when started in asymptomatic individuals and limitations in current data regarding other modes of HIV transmission.
In this downloadable slideset, Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH, reviews the evidence behind the latest antiretroviral guidelines and offers a glimpse at upcoming agents currently under investigation.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 3.00 MB
Date posted: 6/15/2015
HIV and Cardiovascular Disease.How Worried Should We Be ? 2015hivlifeinfo
In this downloadable slideset, David A. Wohl, MD, reviews the association between HIV and cardiovascular disease, including potential contributing factors and best practices in prevention.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 5.01 MB
Date posted: 6/26/2015
Integrating Recent Data When Selecting First-line Antiretroviral Therapy.2015...hivlifeinfo
Joseph J. Eron Jr., MD
W. David Hardy, MD
Paul E. Sax, MD
How do leading experts select first-line antiretroviral therapy for their HIV-infected patients?
Review these downloadable slides for key clinical trial data and the latest DHHS recommendations for first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов : предсказать ...hivlifeinfo
Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Infected Patients.Predict It and Prevent It. 2015
In this downloadable slideset, Priscilla Y. Hsue, MD, and David A. Wohl, MD, discuss data on using traditional and newer markers and modalities to predict and prevent cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 3.21 MB
Date posted: 7/16/2015
This 3-sentence summary provides the essential information from the document:
The document outlines a conference program from June 30 - July 3, 2013 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia called IAS 2013, which covered highlights and official coverage of HIV pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. It includes slides on antiretroviral therapy guidelines, clinical trials of new drugs and regimens, and investigational long-acting antiretroviral agents. The
Highlights of IAS 2013.CCO Official Conference Coverage of the 7th IAS Confer...Hivlife Info
The document summarizes highlights from the 7th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Prevention held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in June-July 2013. Key findings included the WHO updating treatment guidelines to recommend initiating ART at CD4 counts ≤500 cells/mm3 and preferring TDF+3TC(FTC)+EFV as the initial regimen. Studies found noninferiority of 400mg EFV and demonstrated the efficacy of second-line LPV/r-based ART and PrEP with TDF in specific populations. Adherence to treatment was an important factor in outcomes.
The document summarizes highlights from the 2013 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections held in Atlanta, Georgia from March 3-6, 2013. It includes a report on a child who achieved a "functional cure" after receiving very early triple-drug ART for HIV infection. It also discusses results from the SAILING trial showing higher rates of virologic suppression with dolutegravir compared to raltegravir in treatment-experienced patients at 24 weeks. Additional topics covered include updates to DHHS HIV treatment guidelines, research on HIV cure, PrEP trials, and new data on antiretroviral therapy agents.
Новые данные с конференции по ВИЧ-инфекции CROI 2017/Clinical Impact of New D...hivlifeinfo
Clinical Impact of New Data From CROI 2017
Expert faculty members Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH, and Charles B. Hicks, MD, summarize key studies from this important annual conference.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.25 MB
Date posted: 3/3/2017
New Data on Resistance to DAAs and Implications for Therapy.2015hivlifeinfo
This document provides an overview of a presentation on new data regarding resistance to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and implications for HCV therapy. It includes the faculty list and their disclosures, as well as slides summarizing recent studies on DAA resistance variants, their impact on treatment outcomes, and persistence after treatment failure. Key findings discussed are the role of NS3 Q80K testing prior to simeprevir + sofosbuvir in genotype 1a patients, effectiveness of DAA regimens against prior protease inhibitor resistance, and durability of NS5A resistance variants.
Highlights of AIDS 2014 .CCO Official Conference Coverage of the 20th Interna...Hivlife Info
The document summarizes highlights from the 20th International AIDS Conference held in Melbourne, Australia in July 2014. It includes results from several clinical trials presented at the conference evaluating new antiretroviral regimens for initial therapy and treatment switches in suppressed patients. One study found maraviroc plus darunavir/ritonavir was not non-inferior to tenofovir/emtricitabine plus darunavir/ritonavir for initial therapy. Another study found switching suppressed patients to a dual regimen of lopinavir/ritonavir plus lamivudine or emtricitabine was non-inferior to continuing a triple regimen. A sub-
Confronting the Challenges of HIV Care in an Aging Population.2019hivlifeinfo
Еxpert faculty use case-based examples to examine considerations for aging patients with HIV. Topics include ART modification, bone loss, renal impairment, cardiovascular risk, and cognitive decline.
Contemporary Management of HIV. New Data From AIDS 2018hivlifeinfo
This document summarizes key findings from the AIDS 2018 conference regarding contemporary management of HIV. It describes studies showing:
1) No linked HIV transmissions occurred in over 77,000 condomless sex acts when the HIV+ partner had an undetectable viral load in the PARTNER2 study.
2) On-demand PrEP was highly effective at preventing HIV in several studies when adherence was high.
3) Early results from the ANRS Prevenir study found no difference in HIV incidence between daily and on-demand PrEP, with high adherence in both groups.
Fall 2014 HIV Update.Clinical Impact of New Data From ICAAC 2014, IDWeek 2014...Hivlife Info
In this downloadable slideset, Joseph J. Eron, Jr., MD and Jürgen K. Rockstroh, MD, review key HIV studies presented at the 2014 Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2014 IDWeek, and 2014 HIV Drug Therapy Glasgow.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.70 MB
Fall 2014 HIV Update.Clinical Impact of New Data From ICAAC 2014, IDWeek 2014...hivlifeinfo
In this downloadable slideset, Joseph J. Eron, Jr., MD and Jürgen K. Rockstroh, MD, review key HIV studies presented at the 2014 Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2014 IDWeek, and 2014 HIV Drug Therapy Glasgow.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File size: 1.70 MB
Clinical Impact of New HIV Data From CROI 2019hivlifeinfo
March 4-7, 2019; Seattle, Washington
In this downloadable slideset, expert faculty members summarize key studies from this important annual conference.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File Size: 576 KB
Released: March 22, 2019
Current Controversies in Managing HIV-Infected Patients.2014Hivlife Info
This document discusses controversies in managing HIV-infected patients. It begins with a discussion on whether all naive patients should be started on an integrase inhibitor regimen. It reviews key trials demonstrating the efficacy of integrase inhibitors in treatment-naive patients. Expert panel discussion notes some integrase inhibitors have advantages like high barriers to resistance but others have drawbacks like twice-daily dosing. The next section examines the controversy around performing anal Pap smears routinely on all HIV+ MSM, reviewing guidelines and suggested screening paradigms. The final section discusses the controversy around evaluating all HIV+ patients over 50 with DXA scans. It reviews data on bone disease prevalence and recommendations, including evaluating risk factors before obtaining scans.
Current Controversies in Managing HIV-Infected Patients.2014hivlifeinfo
This document discusses controversies around bone density screening in HIV-positive patients. It presents recommendations from guidelines that baseline bone density screening with DXA scans should be performed for all HIV-positive postmenopausal women and men aged 50 years or older. Studies show both osteopenia and osteoporosis are more common in the HIV-positive population compared to HIV-negative controls. The odds of osteoporosis are approximately 3-4 times higher for HIV patients.
Evolving Switch Strategies for Virologically Suppressed HIV-Infected Patients...Hivlife Info
Доктор David A. Wohl при участии группы экспертов, рассматривает основные исследования о том, когда и как, при каких условиях переводить пациентов со стабильной супрессией ВИЧ на новые методы лечения .
This document summarizes an expert panel discussion on innovative antiretroviral therapy (ART) paradigms. The panel discussed whether positive results from two-drug and long-acting injectable regimens in clinical trials will translate to long-term efficacy and safety. They also considered the potential risks of resistance emerging with two-drug regimens and the impact of missed doses with long-acting injectables. The panel agreed that maintaining cold storage requirements for long-acting injectables may pose challenges for implementation in low- and middle-income countries but that qualitative research found patients highly satisfied with the convenience of long-acting ART.
Pre and Post Exposure Prophylaxis and HIV Prevention presented by Dr. Ken Mayer, Research Director of the Fenway Health Center at the Fenway Health Center community education conference: An End To AIDS - How A State Bill Can Change Everything hosted by SearchForACure.org, the Fenway Health Center, and the MA Dept. of Public Health
First and foremost choosing and using first line antiretroviral therapy.2013Hivlife Info
This document discusses guidelines for initial antiretroviral therapy and recent clinical trials comparing different first-line regimens. The 2013 DHHS and 2012 IAS-USA guidelines recommend efavirenz (EFV) plus tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) or abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) as preferred initial regimens. Recent trials found rilpivirine (RPV) to be noninferior to EFV through week 96, though with more virologic failures, especially in those with high baseline viral load. Elvitegravir/cobicistat/TDF/FTC was noninfer
Оптимизация лечения ВИЧ в 2018 году / HIV Treatment Optimization: 2018hivlifeinfo
HIV Treatment Optimization: 2018
In this downloadable slideset, Eric S. Daar, MD, provides a comprehensive update on ART management.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File Size: 723 KB
Released: April 26, 2018
Evolving Switch Strategies for Virologically Suppressed HIV-Infected Patients...hivlifeinfo
This document provides an overview of evolving strategies for switching antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in HIV-infected patients who are virologically suppressed. It summarizes the results of two clinical trials investigating switches to elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir/emtricitabine (EVG/COBI/TDF/FTC) from NNRTIs and to rilpivirine/tenofovir/emtricitabine (RPV/TDF/FTC) from boosted protease inhibitor regimens. Both studies found the switch strategies to be noninferior to remaining on the original regimen in maintaining viral suppression. The document also
Современное лечение ВИЧ: модификация АРТ у пациентов с вирусологической супре...hivlifeinfo
This document discusses modifying antiretroviral therapy (ART) in virologically suppressed patients with HIV. It describes two phase 3 trials, ATLAS and FLAIR, that evaluated switching to long-acting injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) every 4 weeks in suppressed patients. Both trials found CAB/RPV to be noninferior to continued oral ART at 48 weeks. Common reasons to consider an ART switch include simplifying regimens or improving tolerability. Key factors that may increase risk of treatment failure with CAB/RPV include presence of rilpivirine resistance mutations at baseline and lower rilpivirine drug levels. The FDA
Similar to Highlights of IAS 2013.CCO Official Conference Coverage of the 7th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention (20)
Дискуссии о здоровом старении с ВИЧ /Key Slides on Healthy Aging With HIV.2022hivlifeinfo
Дискуссии о здоровом старении с ВИЧ
Узнайте о медицинских и немедицинских проблемах, с которыми сталкиваются стареющие пациенты с ВИЧ, включая дополнительные проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются пожилые женщины и пожилые люди, живущие в условиях ограниченных ресурсов.
Основы ведения АРТ у многократно леченных пациентов 2022 / Foundations of ART...hivlifeinfo
Основы ведения АРТ у многократно леченных пациентов (2022)
Тактики ведения пациентов с большим опытом лечения, включая анализ резистентности, последние рекомендации и данные по новым схемам АРТ
Современное лечение и профилактика ВИЧ : передовые стратегии лечения у пациен...hivlifeinfo
Стратегии смены АРТ у пациентов с вирусной супрессией, включая смену АРТ при резистентности, рекомендации по инъекционным препаратам длительного действия , смена АРТ до или во время беременности
Ключевые слайды по индивидуальному выбору АРТ / Key Slides on Individualized ...hivlifeinfo
Слайды с последними данные и рекомендациями по выбору АРТ, как для пациентов, ранее не получавших лечения, так и пациентов с вирусологической супрессией. Оценки разных вариантов лечения, индивидуализация АРТ для женщин детородного возраста и во время беременности, пациентов с опортунистическими инфекциями и новые данные об исследовательских стратегиях АРТ.
Современное лечение ВИЧ: новые парадигмы в АРТ / Contemporary Management of H...hivlifeinfo
Набор слайдов c рассмотрением важных вопросов об АРТ первого ряда, арв-препаратами пролонгированного действия и схемами АРТ с двумя препаратами, акцент в публикации на роль новых стратегий.
This document discusses contemporary management of HIV with a focus on individualizing first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). It provides an overview of recommended first-line ART regimens including integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), discusses clinical trial data comparing different INSTI and protease inhibitor options, and considers factors in choosing among available single-tablet regimen options. It also addresses the potential roles of newer non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in first-line ART.
Современное лечение ВИЧ: лечение многократно леченных пациентов с резистентно...hivlifeinfo
This document discusses management of HIV in heavily treatment-experienced patients with multiclass resistance and limited treatment options. It provides an overview of the problem, including that some older patients were treated early in the HIV epidemic with less potent regimens, resulting in resistance. Younger patients may have congenital HIV and been treated long-term. Assessment of virologic failure and resistance testing are important to select an effective new regimen. Current options for active drugs in these patients include maraviroc, ibalizumab, fostemsavir, and enfuvirtide, which have novel mechanisms of action. Adherence assessment is also critical to determine if the current regimen may still be effective if taken as prescribed.
Key Slides on ART for HIV : Evolving Concepts and Innovative Strategies.2020hivlifeinfo
Expert-authored slides on evolving ART concepts, including simplification to 2-drug therapy, ART safety during pregnancy, weight gain, and long-acting injectable ART.
File Size: 580 KB
Released: October 20, 2020
Clinical Impact of New Data From AIDS 2020hivlifeinfo
current ART in principal populations, including older patients and women who become pregnant; metabolic outcomes during ART; HIV and COVID-19; investigational ART strategies; and HIV prevention.
Слайдсет о новом в лечении ВИЧ.Key Slides on What’s Hot in HIV Treatment.2020 hivlifeinfo
Expert-authored slides on the latest issues relating to HIV care, featuring patient cases and considerations for optimal treatment approaches. Topics include integrating newer ARVs, individualizing ART for women of childbearing potential and during pregnancy, adverse events during ART, and anticipated roles of emerging ART strategies.
Гиперлипопротеидемия(а) как опасное генетически обусловленное нарушение липид...hivlifeinfo
Гиперлипопротеидемия(а) как опасное генетически обусловленное нарушение липидного обмена и фактор риска атеротромбоза и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний
Липопротеид(а) [Лп(а)] представляет собой сложный надмолекулярный комплекс, принадлежащий к апоВ100 содержащим липопротеидам. Лп(а) состоит из ЛНП-подобной частицы, в которой молекула апобелка В100 ковалентно связана дисульфидной связью с уникальной полиморфной молекулой апобелка(а). Концентрация Лп(а) генетически контролируется, при этом варьирует в очень широком диапазоне. Повышенный уровень Лп(а) является независимым фактором риска атеросклероза коронарных, сонных и периферических артерий, ИБС и стеноза аортального клапана, сопутствующих сердечно-сосудистых осложнений, а также осложнений после операций реваскуляризации миокарда. Несмотря на это, уровень Лп(а) по-прежнему не учитывается в стратификации риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Отчасти, это может быть связано с тем, что ни современная лекарственная терапия, ни новые поколения биологических гиполипидемических препаратовтерапия практически не влияют на концентрацию Лп(а), за исключением 20-30% снижения Лп(а) никотиновой кислотой и ингибиторами пропротеиновой конвертазы субтилизин-кексин 9 типа (PCSK9).
Лекция освящает современные представления о Лп(а), как факторе риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, возможности и целесообразности его определения, а также посвящена современным возможностям коррекции гиперлипопротеидемии(а).
Физическая активность и физические тренировки как метод профилактики сердечно...hivlifeinfo
Чушкин М.И., Мандрыкин С.Ю., Карпина Н.Л., Попова Л.А. Физическая активность и физические тренировки как метод профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Кардиология. 2018;58(9S):10-18
Большое число данных свидетельствует, что функциональные возможности кардиореспираторной системы являются не менее важным фактором прогноза летальности, чем курение, артериальная гипертензия, ожирение, гиперхолестеринемия, СД. Пациенты с большей физической активностью имеют значительно меньший риск ССЗ, чем пациенты, ведущие неактивный образ жизни. В данном обзоре авторы показали возможности оценки физической активности и основные положения назначения физических тренировок для сохранения и повышения функциональных возможностей кардиореспираторной системы.
Key Slides on Individualizing ART Management Based on Treatment Safety and To...hivlifeinfo
Обзор последних рекомендаций DHHS , индивидуализация лечения в отдельных группах пациентов, минимизация побочных эффектов и межлекарственных взаимодействий
Современное лечение ВИЧ.Обобщённые данные с конференции CROI 2020 / Contempor...hivlifeinfo
This document summarizes data presented at CROI 2020 on current and investigational antiretroviral therapies (ART) for HIV. Key findings include:
- A pooled analysis found the 3-drug regimen bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) was effective and well-tolerated in people over age 50 similar to younger patients.
- The switch to BIC/FTC/TAF was noninferior to remaining on baseline regimens even in people with baseline nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance.
- Through week 96, dolutegravir plus lamivudine was similarly effective
Incorporating New ART Options Into First-line and Switch Strategies for HIV C...hivlifeinfo
This document discusses several new HIV treatment regimens approved between 2017-2019, including three-drug fixed-dose combinations of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF), doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DOR/3TC/TDF), and darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (DRV/COBI/FTC/TAF). Clinical trials showed BIC/FTC/TAF and DOR/3TC/TDF were
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Highlights of IAS 2013.CCO Official Conference Coverage of the 7th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention
1. June 30 - July 3, 2013
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Highlights of IAS 2013
CCO Official Conference Coverage
of the 7th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Prevention
This program is supported by educational grants from
Jointly sponsored by the Annenberg Center for Health
Sciences at Eisenhower and Clinical Care Options, LLC
2. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
About These Slides
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should be consulted before using any therapeutic product discussed. Readers should verify all information
and data before treating patients or using any therapies described in these materials.
3. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
Faculty
Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD,
FRACP
Professor of Medicine
University of New South Wales
Director, HIV, Immunology, and
Infectious Diseases Unit
St Vincent’s Hospital
Sydney, Australia
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH
Associate Medical Director of Specialty
Services
Southwest CARE Center
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Adjunct Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Anton L. Pozniak, MD, FRCP
Consultant Physician
Director of HIV Services
Department of HIV and
Genitourinary Medicine
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital
NHS Trust
London, United Kingdom
4. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
Disclosures
Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP, has disclosed that he has received
funds for research support from Gilead Sciences and Merck Sharp &
Dohme and has served as a consultant and on advisory boards for and
received lecture and travel sponsorships from Gilead Sciences, Merck
Sharp & Dohme, and ViiV.
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH, has disclosed that he has received consulting
fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, and Merck‐
and funds for research support from Gilead Sciences.
Anton L. Pozniak, MD, FRCP, has disclosed that he has received funds
for research support and consulting fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb,
Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and ViiV and has
participated in company-sponsored speaker bureaus for Gilead Sciences.
5. Please review the slide notes
for analysis of each study
by expert faculty Andrew Carr,
MBBS, MD, FRACP;
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH; and
Anton L. Pozniak, MD, FRCP
7. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
WHO 2013: Updated Treatment Guidelines
for Adults, Adolescents, and Children
Expanded ART eligibility
– Treatment initiation threshold: CD4+ ≤ 500 cells/mm3
– Prioritize severe or advanced HIV or CD4+ ≤ 350 cells/mm3
HIV-1 RNA testing preferred for monitoring ART
Preferred initial regimen: fixed-dose TDF + 3TC (or FTC) +
EFV
– Discontinue use of d4T due to toxicity
WHO Consolidated Treatment Guidelines. June 2013.
8. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, noninferiority phase III trial
– Part of ongoing effort to identify ARVs effective at lower doses (and cost)
No significant difference in SAEs between treatment arms
More pts with study drug–related AEs for EFV 600 mg vs EFV 400 mg (47.2% vs
36.8%; P = .008)
More pts discontinued EFV 600 mg due to AE vs EFV 400 mg (1.9% vs 5.8%; P = .010)
ENCORE1: 400-mg EFV Noninferior to
600-mg EFV With TDF/FTC for Initial ART
Puls R, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WELBB01.
EFV* 400 mg + Placebo +
TDF/FTC 300/200 mg
(n = 324)
EFV* 600 mg +
TDF/FTC 300/200 mg
(n = 312)
ART-naive pts,
CD4+ 50-500 cells/mm3
,
HIV-1 RNA > 1000 c/mL
(N = 636)
Wk 48
Stratified by clinical site and
HIV-1 RNA at screening
(< 100,000 or ≥ 100,000 c/mL)
*EFV administered as 200-mg tablets.
HIV-1 RNA < 200 c/mL
at Wk 48, %
NC = F
90.0
85.8
9. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
EARNEST: Second-line LPV/RTV-Based
ART After Initial NNRTI Failure
Randomized, controlled, open-label, phase III trial
Baseline demographics (medians): HIV-1 RNA 69,782 copies/mL;
CD4+ 71 cells/mm3
; time on ART 4 yrs
Paton N, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WELBB02.
*Including clinical, CD4+ cell count (HIV-1 RNA confirmed), or virologic criteria.
†
Selected by physician according to local standard of care.
HIV-infected adults and
adolescents received
first-line NNRTI-based
ART > 12 mos, > 90%
adherence in previous mo,
treatment failure by WHO
(2010) criteria*
(N = 1277)
LPV/RTV + 2-3 NRTIs†
(n = 426)
LPV/RTV + RAL
(n = 433)
LPV/RTV + RAL
(n = 418)
Wk 144Wk 12
LPV/RTV monotherapy
(n = 418)
10. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
EARNEST: Clinical Outcomes at Wk 96
“Good disease control” at Wk 96 defined as pt alive, no new WHO 4 events
from Wks 0-96, and CD4+ cell count > 250 cells/mm3
, and HIV-1 RNA <
10,000 copies/mL or > 10,000 copies/mL without PI resistance mutations
Paton N, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WELBB02.
100
80
60
40
20
0
Good Disease
Control
HIV-1 RNA
< 400 copies/mL
HIV-1 RNA
< 50 copies/mL
PI/NRTI
PI/RAL
PI Mono60
64
56
86 86
61
74 73
44
Patients,%
11. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
EARNEST: Other Outcomes
LPV/RTV monotherapy arm discontinued due to inferior
virologic suppression, higher frequency of LPV resistance
No significant difference in 96-wk resistance rates
between LPV/RTV + NRTIs and LPV/RTV + RAL
Similar rates of grade 3/4 AEs across treatment arms
(range: 22% to 24%)
Paton N, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WELBB02.
13. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
Meta-analysis of Efficacy of Initial ART
Regimens in Prospective Trials
Meta-analysis of 216 treatment arms from prospective
trials of initial ART, 1994-2010 (N = 40,124 pts)
Mean rate of undetectable HIV-1 RNA: 60% overall
– 66% at Wk 48, 60% at Wk 96, 52% at Wk 144
– 25% discontinued before end of study
Better mean efficacy with more recent yr of initiation
– 43% in 1994 vs 78% in 2010
Lee FJ, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WEAB0104.
14. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
Efficacy of Initial ART Associated With
NRTI Backbone, Third Drug, Other Factors
Mean efficacy 70% vs 62% with baseline HIV-1 DNA < vs ≥ 100,000 copies/mL
Mean efficacy 75% vs 65% with DHHS “preferred” vs “alternative” ART
Number of pills or doses per day did not predict overall efficacy
Specific NRTI backbones, third drugs associated with efficacy
Lee FJ, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WEAB0104.
Efficacy, % (SD) Coefficient (95% CI) P Value
NRTI backbone
TDF/FTC 73 (10) Ref
ABC/3TC 63 (7) -7.6 (-12.7 to -2.6) .003
Third drug class
NNRTI 61 (15) Ref
INSTI 84 (5) 11.9 (4.6 to 19.2) .002
Boosted PI 67 (9) -0.9 (-4.7 to 3.0) .660
Adjusted for multivariable analysis including year of commencement, other drugs received, baseline
patient characteristics, and duration of follow-up.
15. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
Efficacy of EVG/COBI/TDF/FTC vs
EFV/TDF/FTC When Adherence < 95%
Preplanned adherence analysis at Wk 96 of Study GS-US-236-0102
≥ 90% adherence in 93% with EVG/COBI/TDF/FTC, 89% with EFV/TDF/FTC
Among pts with < 95% adherence, significantly greater improvement in CD4+
cell counts with EVG/COBI/TDF/FTC vs EFV/TDF/FTC (317 vs 245; P = .039)
ART-naive pts,
HIV-1 RNA ≥ 5000
copies/mL,
no CD4+ restrictions,
eGFR ≥ 70 mL/min
(N = 700)
EVG/COBI/TDF/FTC QD +
EFV/TDF/FTC placebo
(n = 348)
EFV/TDF/FTC QHS +
EVG/COBI/TDF/FTC placebo
(n = 352)
Wk 96
Stratified by HIV-1 RNA
≤ 100,000 or > 100,000 copies/mL
Shalit P, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract TUPE293.
≥ 95%
Adherence
< 95%
Adherence
88 74
89 63
HIV-1 DNA < 50 copies/mL
at Wk 96
16. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
Bangkok Study: Directly Observed PrEP
With TDF Reduces HIV Acquisition in IDUs
Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
– HIV-uninfected IDUs (N = 2413) received TDF or placebo
– DOT at drug treatment clinics between 2005 and 2010
Significantly fewer new infections with TDF vs placebo
(0.35/100 PY vs 0.68/100 PY; P = .01)
– Overall efficacy: 49%
– Detectable TDF at study end: 74%
Higher adherence associated with greater efficacy
Safety and tolerability similar to other TDF-containing PrEP
trials
Choopanya K, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WELBC05.
17. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
Bangkok TDF Study: Adherence to PrEP
and Risk of HIV Acquisition
Choopanya K, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WELBC05. Graphic used with permission.
100
80
60
40
20
0
Efficacy(%)
mITT > 67 > 75 > 90 > 95 > 97.5
Adherence (%)
49
54
58
68
72
84
19. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
SAILING: Dolutegravir vs Raltegravir in
ART-Exp’d, Integrase Inhibitor–Naive Pts
Phase III randomized, double-blind, double-dummy,
noninferiority study
Treatment-experienced,
integrase inhibitor–naive
patients with HIV-1 RNA
> 400 copies/mL and
≥ 2 class resistance
(N = 715)
Dolutegravir 50 mg QD
+ Raltegravir placebo + OBR
(n = 354)
Raltegravir 400 mg BID
+ Dolutegravir placebo + OBR
(n = 361)
Stratified by number of fully active
background agents, use of DRV,
screening HIV-1 RNA ≤ vs
> 50,000 copies/mL
Wk 48
Cahn P, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WELBB03. Cahn P, et al. Lancet. 2013;382:700-708.
20. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
SAILING: Superior Rate of Virologic
Suppression With DTG vs RAL at Wk 48
Lower incidence of resistance
at VF with DTG vs RAL
– Integrase resistance: 1% vs 5%
– OBR resistance: 1% vs 3%
Both regimens well tolerated
with similar AE profiles
– Grade 2-4: 8% vs 9%
– Discontinuations: 3% vs 4%
No difference in outcome between
study arms when combined with
fully active DRV/RTV
Cahn P, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WELBB03. Graphic used with permission.
100
80
60
40
20
0
Subjects(%)
Virologic
Success
Virologic
Nonresponse
No Wk
48 Data
DTG + OBR
RAL + OBR
71
64
20
28
9 9
Δ 7.4 (95% CI: 0.7-14.2;
P = .03)
21. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
Long-Acting GSK1265744 and TMC278
Nanosuspensions: drug nanocrystals suspended in liquid
– Increased drug dissolution rate
– Nanocrystal design allows for low injection volume
Potential use as long-acting injections for ART regimens,
PrEP
– GSK1265744 (DTG analogue) dosed monthly or quarterly
– TMC278 nanosuspension of RPV dosed monthly
Spreen W, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WEAB0103.
22. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
Randomized, open-label, repeated-dose phase I trial in healthy adults
GSK744
200 mg IM
GSK744
200 mg IM
GSK744
400 mg IM
GSK744
400 mg IM
Monthly
Oral Lead-in* Day 1 Wk 4 Wk 8 Wk 12 Wk 16 Wk 20 Wk 24
Cohort 1
(n = 10)
Cohort 2
(n = 10)
Cohort 3
(n = 10)
Quarterly
Cohort 4
(n = 10)
TMC278 (LD†
)
1200 mg IM
TMC278
900 mg IM
TMC278 (LD†
)
1200 mg IM
TMC278
600 mg IM
All cohorts
followed
for 52 wks
after last
injection
(ongoing)
Coadministration of Long-Acting
GSK1265744 and TMC278
Spreen W, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WEAB0103.
*GSK744 30 mg/day for 14 days, then 7-day washout.
†
Loading dose given as split injection dose (2 x 2 mL).
GSK744
800 mg IM
(LD†
)
GSK744
800 mg IM
(LD†
)
GSK744
800 mg IM
(LD†
)
GSK744
200 mg
SC
GSK744
200 mg SC
GSK744
200 mg
SC
GSK744
200 mg
IM
GSK744
400 mg
IM
GSK744
800 mg IM
(LD†
)
GSK744
800 mg IM
(LD†
)
23. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
Favorable Drug Concentrations With
GSK1265744 and TMC278 Injections
PK results
– GSK1265744 injected every 4 wks or every 12 wks achieved
plasma levels > protein-adjusted IC90
– TMC278 dosed every 4 wks achieved plasma levels
comparable to those achieved by oral RPV 25 mg/day in
HIV-infected patients
GSK1265744 safe, well tolerated alone and in combination
with TMC278
Findings support phase II study of GSK1265744 +
TMC278 as 2-drug ART regimen
Spreen W, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WEAB0103.
25. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
SECOND-LINE Subanalysis: BMD Loss
With LPV/RTV + NRTIs vs LPV/RTV + RAL
Subanalysis of randomized, open-label, multicenter,
international trial
Hoy J, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WELBB05.
LPV/RTV 400/100 mg BID +
RAL 400 mg BID
(n = 108)
LPV/RTV 400/100 mg BID +
2-3 NRTIs QD or BID
(n = 102)
HIV-infected patients
with virologic failure
on first-line regimen
of NNRTI + 2 NRTIs
(N = 211 consented to
BMD substudy)
DXA scan
at Wk 48
DXA scan
at Wk 0
26. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
SECOND-LINE: Greater Mean BMD Loss
With NRTI-Based Regimen at Wk 48
No significant difference in frequency of new osteopenia, osteoporosis
Greater decline in lumbar spine BMD associated with lower BMI, no
TDF before study, and TDF initiation on study
Hoy J, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WELBB05. Graphic used with permission.
0
-1
-3
-4
-6
Mean%Change(SE)inBMD
FromBaselinetoWk48
-2
-5
Proximal Femur Lumbar Spine
-5.2
-2.9
-4.2
-2
P = .0001
P = .0006
LPV/RTV + 2-3 NRTIs
LPV/RTV + RAL
27. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
HIV Independently Associated With
Increased Risk of Hip Fractures
Population-based cohort study
SIDIAPQ
database, 2007-2009;
Catalonia, Spain (N = 1,118,587
pts aged ≥ 40 yrs)
– HIV-infected: 2489 (0.22%)
– Identified incident major
osteoporotic and hip fractures
HIV infection associated with
– 4.72-fold ↑ HR for hip fracture
– 1.75-fold ↑ HR for all fractures
– Independent of age, sex, BMI,
smoking, alcohol use
Knobel H, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WEAB0205.
Güerri-Fernandez R, et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2013;28:1259-1263.
5.0
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5Age-SpecificHipFractureIncidences
per1000Person-Yrs
4.0
2.0
1.0
0.5
0
3.0
Age (yrs)
40-45
45-50
50-55
55-60
60-65
65-70
70-75
75-80
HIV Infected
HIV Uninfected
28. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
NVP Cutaneous Reactions Reduced by
HLA-B*35:05 and CCHCR1 Screening
CCHCR1 and HLA-B*35:05
associated with rash[1,2]
– HLA-B*35:05 uncommon
except Southeast Asian and
South Americans
Prospective, randomized,
multicenter, controlled trial[3]
– N = 1103 assigned to
screening vs no screening
– All started NVP-based therapy
EXCEPT pts screened positive
started EFV-based therapy
Group Relative Risk P Value
Overall, screened vs
unscreened 0.68 .020
Sex
Male
Female
0.84
0.55
.491
.016
CD4+ count, cells/mm3
< 250
> 250
0.64
0.88
.027
.740
1. Chantarangsu S, et al. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2009;19:139-146. 2. Chantarangsu S, et al. Clin
Infect Dis. 2011;53:341-348. 3. Kiertiburanakul S, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract WELBB04. Table used with
permission.
Lower incidence of cutaneous
AEs in screened group
– 13.2% vs 18.0%
29. clinicaloptions.com/hiv
HIV/AIDS Update From IAS 2013
High HCV Reinfection Rate Among
HIV-Infected MSM
Single-site, retrospective
study (2004-2012) of HIV-
infected MSM at London
clinic
– Cleared prior HCV
infection spontaneously
or after HCV treatment
Reinfection rates similar in
pts with prior spontaneous
clearance vs SVR
Martin T, et al. IAS 2013. Abstract TUAB0101.
P = .15
HCVReinfectionIncidenceper100Person-Yrs
7.8 9.6
4.2
23.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Overall
Reinfection
Rate
Reinfection
Posttreatment
Reinfection
After
Spontaneous
Clearance
Second
Reinfection Rate
Following SVR
or Clearance
of First
Reinfection
30. Go Online for More
CCO Coverage of IAS 2013
Capsule Summaries of key studies selected by the faculty
Expert Highlights audio podcasts by expert faculty
clinicaloptions.com/ias2013
Editor's Notes
This slide lists the faculty who were involved in the production of these slides.
Please review the slide notes for a complete discussion of each study by expert faculty Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP; Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH; and Anton L. Pozniak, MD, FRCP.
3TC, lamivudine; ART, antiretroviral therapy; d4T, stavudine; EFV, efavirenz; FTC, emtricitabine; TDF, tenofovir; WHO, World Health Organization.
Anton Pozniak, MD, FRCP:
This slide presents a summary of significant updates found in the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines. An important change is that treatment initiation is now recommended for patients with CD4+ cell counts ≤ 500 cell/mm3, an increase from the previous threshold of 350 cells/mm3. This change represents a reprioritization that has significant implications for antiretroviral therapy (ART) utilization in resource-limited settings.
The new guidelines further emphasize that HIV-1 RNA testing is the preferred method for monitoring patients receiving ART, and the single-tablet regimen of efavirenz/tenofovir DF/emtricitabine or lamivudine is the preferred initial regimen.
Finally, WHO has strengthened its position on the nonuse of stavudine and now recommends that it be completely phased out from clinical use due to associated toxicities. This represents a change from previous recommendations that stavudine should be avoided if at all possible but allowed for its continued use in patients already on a stavudine-based regimen. Now, the enhanced recommendation is to discontinue the use of stavudine altogether and switch to a fixed-dose combination if at all possible.
Reference
World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach. June 2013. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85321/1/9789241505727_eng.pdf. Accessed September 10, 2013.
AE, adverse events; ART, antiretroviral therapy; ARVs, antiretrovirals; EFV, efavirenz; FTC, emtricitabine; ITT, intent to treat; NC = F, noncompleters equals failure analysis; PP, per-protocol analysis; SAE, serious adverse event; TDF, tenofovir.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WELBB01.aspx
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH:
ENCORE1 was a randomized, placebo-controlled, noninferiority phase III trial comparing a lower dose of efavirenz (400 mg) vs the standard efavirenz dose (600 mg), each combined with tenofovir/emtricitabine. The study found that the lower dose of efavirenz was noninferior to the higher dose at Week 48.
Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP:
Equally importantly, although there was no difference in overall rates of toxicity, there were significantly fewer study drug-related adverse events with the 400-mg dose as well as fewer discontinuations.
Anton L. Pozniak, MD, FRCP:
ENCORE1 may be a game-changing study for the developing world, and perhaps even for the developed world, if the low-dose efavirenz is adopted because of the cost difference between the 2 efavirenz doses. This would be especially true if a generic version of the 400-mg tablet were to become available. Large national health services such as the United Kingdom’s would certainly use the lower dose if it came with a lower cost, especially if patients receiving the lower dose also experience fewer adverse events. The reduction in cost to individual patients may or may not be significant, but when the reduced price is spread across a national program, the savings could have an enormous impact.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; LPV, lopinavir; RAL, raltegravir; RTV, ritonavir; WHO, World Health Organization.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WELBB02.aspx
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH:
The EARNEST trial was a large randomized open-label trial that compared strategies for second-line therapy after failure of an initial NNRTI-based regimen in resource-limited settings. The study included 3 arms comparing the standard of care consisting of lopinavir/ritonavir plus NRTIs vs lopinavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir vs lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy after an initial 12-week period with lopinavir/ritonavir and raltegravir. At baseline, the study populations were well matched for CD4+ cell count, HIV-1 RNA level, and the amount of time on ART.
RAL, raltegravir; WHO, World Health Organization.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WELBB02.aspx
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH:
As shown in the graph, there was no significant difference between the PI plus NRTIs arm and the PI plus raltegravir arm at Week 96. However, the lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy arm was associated with significantly poorer virologic outcomes.
AE, adverse event; LPV, lopinavir; RAL, raltegravir; RTV, ritonavir.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WELBB02.aspx
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH:
The lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy arm was discontinued due to inferior virologic suppression. Although there was no significant difference in the 96-week resistance rates of the other treatment arms, patients in the monotherapy arm experienced a higher frequency of lopinavir resistance, which is not consistent with data from other trials.[1-4] Regimens were generally well tolerated with similar rates of grade 3/4 adverse events.
This study has important implications for resource-limited setting, where second-line regimens are chosen empirically, without resistance testing, after failure of first-line NNRTI-based regimens. The findings are consistent with those of the previously presented SECOND-LINE study,[5-6] supporting the current practice of combining a ritonavir-boosted PI with 2 NRTIs. The poorer outcome with boosted PI monotherapy is somewhat surprising, since participants in this trial had no previous PI experience and were fully suppressed before the switch to monotherapy.
Anton Pozniak, MD, FRCP:
I do not think we know if they were fully suppressed at Week 12; we do not know if those who had an HIV-1 RNA done at Week 12 and were &lt; 50 copies/mL remained undetectable. There may have been a group still detectable at Week 12 switched to PI monotherapy who then failed. This study challenges the need for HIV-1 RNA or resistance testing in first-line failures in resource-limited settings and supports the current WHO strategy for second-line therapy.
References
Bartlett JA, Ribaudo HJ, Wallis CL, et al. Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy after virologic failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. AIDS. 2012;26:1345-1354.
Arribas JR, Delgado R, Arranz A, et al. Lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy versus lopinavir-ritonavir and 2 nucleosides for maintenance therapy of HIV: 96-week analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;51:147-152.
Cameron DW, da Silva BA, Arribas JR, et al. A 96-week comparison of lopinavir-ritonavir combination therapy followed by lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy versus efavirenz combination therapy. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:234-240.
Arribas JR, Pulido F, Delgado R, et al. Lopinavir/ritonavir as single-drug therapy for maintenance of HIV-1 viral suppression: 48-week results of a randomized, controlled, open-label, proof-of-concept pilot clinical trial (OK Study). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;40:280-287.
Hoy J, Martin A, Moore C, et al. Changes in bone mineral density over 48 weeks among participants randomised to either lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) + 2-3N(t)RTI or LPV/r + raltegravir as second-line therapy: a sub-study of the SECONDLINE trial. Program and abstracts of the 7th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention; June 30 - July 3, 2013; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Abstract WELBB05.
Humphries A, Boyd M; SECOND-LINE Study Team. SECOND-LINE: ritonavir-boosted lopinavir with 2-3N(t)RTI or raltegravir in HIV+ subjects virologically failing 1st-line NNRTI/2N(t)RTI. Program and abstracts of the 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; March 3-6, 2013; Atlanta, Georgia. Abstract 180LB.
ART, antiretroviral therapy.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WEAB0104.aspx
Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP:
This slide summarizes a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials of combination ARTs initiated from 1994-2010. The study population consisted of 216 treatment groups that included more than 40,000 patients. The study’s primary outcome measure was efficacy defined as an undetectable HIV-1 RNA, which in almost all cases was defined as HIV-1 RNA &lt; 50 copies/mL, without change to assigned therapy.
Overall, the mean efficacy was 60% with a mean follow-up of 82 weeks. The longest treatment duration assessed was 144 weeks because very few studies had longer follow-up. Overall, the rate of treatment discontinuation was 25%, with the most common reasons reported as loss to follow-up and adverse events, which were much more common than virologic failure. Finally, a trend indicated a substantial increase in treatment efficacy over time.
ABC/3TC, abacavir/lamivudine; ART, antiretroviral therapy; DHHS, US Department of Health and Human Services; FTC, emtricitabine; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; Ref, reference; SD, standard deviation; TDF, tenofovir.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WEAB0104.aspx
Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP:
This study was undertaken to assess the improvement in treatments for HIV and to determine the magnitude of those improvements. It should be noted that the data are only based on 18 months of treatment, on average. Preferred regimens performed better than alternative regimens, and initiation of treatment at HIV-1 RNA levels &lt; 100,000 copies/mL was associated with better outcomes.
The number of pills did not independently predict efficacy; there was a strong association, but after adjusting for the type of drug, it was no longer a predictor of efficacy. This suggests that the most important factor is probably not the number of pills taken but improvements in the drugs themselves. In addition, specific NRTI backbones and third drugs were associated with differing outcomes, as summarized in the table.
The data suggest that guidelines should consider recommending initiation of ART if the HIV-1 RNA is increasing toward 100,000 copies/mL.
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH:
In addition, these data support current US treatment guidelines and demonstrate the steady improvement in effectiveness of antiretroviral regimens over time.
COBI, cobicistat; EFV, efavirenz; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EVG, elvitegravir; FTC, emtricitabine; QD, once daily; QHS, at bedtime; TDF, tenofovir.
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH:
Data from the phase III trial comparing the single-tablet regimen of elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir DF/emtricitabine vs the single-tablet regimen efavirenz/tenofovir DF/emtricitabine have previously been published. In this preplanned Week 96 analysis, the investigators evaluated outcomes in patients with suboptimal adherence, defined as &lt; 95%.
The results suggested that with adherence of &lt; 95%, elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir DF/emtricitabine was associated with better HIV-1 RNA suppression and greater CD4+ cell count improvement. However, this study is limited by the fact that &lt; 95% adherence encompasses everything from 0% (or complete nonadherence) to 94% (which is still a very high level of adherence). Hypothetically, it is possible that patterns of nonadherence with efavirenz/tenofovir DF/emtricitabine could be different from patterns of nonadherence with elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir DF/emtricitabine, perhaps because of the adverse events associated with efavirenz.
Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP:
The investigators did also report that very few patients in each arm were &lt; 80% adherent. Overall, one can estimate that the large majority of patients with &lt; 95% adherence still managed to achieve at least 90% adherence. Nevertheless, that relatively small degree of nonadherence was associated with a 15% to 25% reduction in virologic response rates. These data underscore that patients really do need to take their pill every single day to secure good outcomes.
Reference
Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381:2083-2090.
DOT, directly observed therapy; IDU, injecting drug users; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis; PY, person-years; TDF, tenofovir.
Anton Pozniak, MD, FRCP:
The Bangkok study was a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of tenofovir as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) conducted among injection drug users in Thailand. Participants received tenofovir or placebo daily as directly observed therapy at drug treatment clinics during a 5-year study period from 2005-2010. The results reinforce the findings of other studies with PrEP; namely, it is effective when patients are adherent to the regimen. In this study, the overall efficacy was 50%, and tenofovir levels were detectable in 74% of patients at study end. The safety and tolerability were also similar to other PrEP trials with tenofovir.
One curious aspect of the study data is that the reduction in the rate of HIV acquisition was not observed during the first 3 years of follow-up; the rates diverged only in Years 4 and 5. One hypothetical explanation is that during the first 3 years, the risk-reduction education provided to all participants was effective in achieving a low rate of infection in both study arms, but that its effectiveness waned over time, resulting in more infections in those not receiving PrEP.
Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP:
Another contentious issue about this study was the lack of needle exchange. In the studies of PrEP to prevent sexual HIV transmission, participants were given condoms, but by contrast, in this study, participants did not receive safe injecting gear and clean needles. As a consequence, it is not clear whether these results are applicable to settings where harm-reduction measures, such as needle exchange programs, are available.
mITT, modified intent to treat; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis; TDF, tenofovir.
Anton Pozniak, MD, FRCP:
The investigators also showed that increasing level of adherence to PrEP with tenofovir was associated with increasingly likelihood of remaining uninfected. To receive the maximum benefit from PrEP with tenofovir, which was an 84.0% reduction in risk, a patient needed to take as much as 97.5% of their scheduled doses. By contrast, taking only two thirds of the scheduled doses reduced the efficacy of PrEP in preventing HIV transmission to only 54%.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; BID, twice daily; DRV, darunavir; OBR, optimized background regimen; QD, once daily.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WELBB03.aspx
Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP:
SAILING was a 48-week, double-blind, noninferiority phase III trial comparing the second-generation integrase inhibitor dolutegravir vs raltegravir, each combined with an optimized background regimen (OBR), in treatment-experienced but integrase inhibitor–naive patients with virologic failure and resistance to at least 2 drug classes. Patients were stratified by number of background drugs, darunavir/ritonavir use, and baseline HIV-1 RNA. In this instance, the stratification threshold was 50,000 copies/mL rather than the 100,000 copies/mL generally seen in trials of treatment-naive patients. Interim Week-24 results were previously presented at the 2013 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections.[1]
Reference
1. Pozniak A, Mingrone H, Shuldyakov A, et al. Dolutegravir (DTG) versus raltegravir (RAL) in ART-experienced, integrase-naive subjects: 24-week interim results from SAILING (ING111762). Program and abstracts of the 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; March 3-6, 2013; Atlanta, Georgia. Abstract 179LB.
AE, adverse event; DRV, darunavir; DTG, dolutegravir; OBR, optimized background regimen; RAL, raltegravir; RTV, ritonavir; VF, virologic failure.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WELBB03.aspx
Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP:
The primary endpoint analysis demonstrated that dolutegravir was noninferior to raltegravir, with a numerically superior rate of virological success at Week 24, which was maintained out to Week 48. The differences between the 2 arms were due to a higher rate of virologic nonresponse with raltegravir, rather than differences in tolerability or in missing data.
Anton Pozniak, MD, FRCP:
Of note, SAILING is the first study in which treatment-emergent integrase resistance mutations have been observed at virologic failure with dolutegravir. Two patients who were integrase inhibitor–naive at study entry developed the R263K.
In a planned subanalysis, there was no difference in outcomes between the raltegravir or dolutegravir arms in patients who were fully susceptible to darunavir and received darunavir/ritonavir as part of their OBR. At the other end of the spectrum, there was also no difference between the arms among patients whose OBR did not contain any other fully active agent to combine with the integrase inhibitor.
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH:
The reason for the superiority of dolutegravir is not clear, but the results suggest that its barrier to resistance may be higher than that of raltegravir. Patients with full darunavir susceptibility would be expected to respond equally well to a combination of darunavir/ritonavir and any integrase inhibitor, whereas those with partial resistance to darunavir might benefit from combining it with an integrase inhibitor with a higher barrier to resistance.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; DTG, dolutegravir; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis; RPV, rilpivirine.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WEAB0103.aspx
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH:
A study by Spreen and colleagues evaluated the use of nanosuspensions of long-acting GSK1265744 and TMC278. Nanosuspension formulations are drug nanocrystals suspended in liquid providing a higher dissolution rate and allowing for a lower injection volume. These formulations have potential uses as long-acting injections both for ART regimens and PrEP. GSK1265744 is a dolutegravir analogue that would allow monthly or even quarterly dosing. TMC278-LA is a nanosuspension of rilpivirine that is dosed monthly.
IM, intramuscular; LD, loading dose; SC, subcutaneous.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WEAB0103.aspx
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH:
In this study, the authors evaluated the coadministration of GSK1265744 and TMC278. It was a randomized, open-label, phase I study in 40 healthy adults divided equally between 4 treatment cohorts. Cohorts 1-3 were scheduled to receive GSK744 dosing on a monthly basis, and Cohort 4 received GSK1265744 quarterly. Each cohort received a loading dose of GSK1265744 800 mg intramuscularly (IM) after an oral lead in period that consisted of GSK1265744 30 mg/day for 14 days followed by a 7-day washout period. Cohorts 1 and 2 then received a dose of GSK1265744 200 mg either subcutaneously (Cohort 1) or IM (Cohort 2). Cohort 3 was dosed with GSK1265744 400 mg IM. Each cohort then received a second dose at Week 8 with Cohorts 2 and 3 adding a 1200-mg loading dose of TMC278 IM to their regimen. Cohort 1 received a fourth and final dose of GSK1265744 200 mg subcutaneously at Week 12. Also in Week 12, Cohorts 2 and 3 received second doses of its Week 8 regimen, except with the TMC278 dose reduced in both cohorts (Cohort 2 = 900 mg; Cohort 3 = 600 mg). Also in Week 12, Cohort 4 received its second and final dose of GSK1265744 800 mg IM. Follow-up is ongoing and is scheduled to continue for 52 weeks after the last injection.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; IC90, inhibitory concentration 90%; PK, pharmacokinetics; RPV, rilpivirine.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WEAB0103.aspx
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH:
Plasma levels for GSK1265744 were substantially greater than the protein-adjusted IC90 dosing with either monthly or quarterly dosing. Plasma levels of TMC278 administered every 4 weeks were comparable to those seen with oral rilpivirine dosed at 25 mg/day. GSK1265744 was safe and well tolerated both alone and in combination with TMC278. This study certainly supports moving to phase 2 studies of the combination regimen.
BID, twice daily; BMD, bone mineral density; DXA, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; LPV, lopinavir; QD, once daily; RAL, raltegravir; RTV, ritonavir.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WELBB05.aspx
Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP:
SECOND-LINE was a randomized noninferiority study, similar to the EARNEST study, evaluating lopinavir/ritonavir combined with either raltegravir or NRTIs in patients who had failed a first‑line regimen comprising an NNRTI plus NRTIs. The efficacy results were presented at the 2013 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections and demonstrated that the raltegravir-containing regimen was noninferior to the NRTI-containing regimen,[1] validating the current strategy of using second-line regimens comprising a boosted PI plus NRTIs.
At IAS 2013, the investigators presented a subanalysis examining the rates of bone mineral density loss in the 211 consenting patients from the SECOND-LINE study. Almost all patients were from low- or intermediate-resource countries.
Reference
1. Humphries A, Boyd M; SECOND-LINE Study Team. SECOND-LINE: ritonavir-boosted lopinavir with 2-3N(t)RTI or raltegravir in HIV+ subjects virologically failing 1st-line NNRTI/2N(t)RTI. Program and abstracts of the 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; March 3-6, 2013; Atlanta, Georgia. Abstract 180LB.
BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; LPV, lopinavir. TDF, tenofovir.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WELBB05.aspx
Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP:
As the graph shows, there was a greater loss of bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and at the lumbar spine in patients who received NRTIs with lopinavir/ritonavir, compared with those receiving raltegravir with lopinavir/ritonavir. In my estimation, the magnitude of loss is similar to that observed in treatment-naive patients starting first-line ART. There was no significant difference in the frequency of new osteopenia or osteoporosis, but the study was not powered to make a final determination. Lower body mass index, not being exposed to tenofovir prior to study enrollment, and initiating tenofovir while on-study were significant predictors of greater BMD loss at the lumbar spine.
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH:
These findings are somewhat surprising in that you might not expect that patients who continued using NRTIs and simply switched their third drug from an NNRTI to a boosted PI would have further loss in bone density. In treatment-naive patients, BMD typically declines when any first-line ART is initiated but then stabilizes and plateaus after a few months. However, in this study, most patients who switched to lopinavir/ritonavir plus NRTIs were switching from either a zidovudine‑ or stavudine‑based regimen to a regimen containing tenofovir, which is known to cause a greater decline in BMD than other NRTIs. This may explain the greater loss of bone density in patients switching to lopinavir/ritonavir plus NRTIs.
BMI, body mass index.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/WEAB0205.aspx
Anton Pozniak, MD, FRCP:
This population-based cohort study compared the incidence of major osteoporotic and hip fractures in the HIV‑infected population with a general population cohort of &gt; 1.1 million persons in Catalonia, Spain. The HIV-infected population represented approximately 0.2% of the general population but accounted for a substantial number of the hip fractures reported during the study period from 2007-2009. This difference was independent of baseline factors such as age, sex, body mass index, smoking, and ethanol use. Unfortunately, the authors did not indicate if the fractures were traumatic or spontaneous. As the graph indicates, the incidence of age-specific hip fractures increased with increasing age and is particularly concerning among HIV-infected patients older than 65 years of age.
Andrew Carr, MBBS, MD, FRACP:
The age-specific rates for hip fracture are very intriguing. The rate of hip fracture in HIV-infected adults younger than 50 years of age appears similar to the rate in 65- to 70-year-old HIV-uninfected adults. This suggests that we may need to be more aggressive in managing low BMD in younger HIV-infected adults than in HIV-uninfected adults of the same age and not just confine intervention to older men and postmenopausal women, as is more typical in the general population.
Anton Pozniak, MD, FRCP:
Overall, the promotion of bone health should be encouraged, and studies are needed to look at the utility of screening HIV patients for osteopenia earlier than would be recommended for the general population.
Reference
Güerri-Fernandez R, Vestergaard P, Carbonell C, et al. HIV infection is strongly associated with hip fracture risk, independently of age, gender, and comorbidities: a population-based cohort study. J Bone Miner Res. 2013;28:1259-1263.
AE, adverse event; EFV, efavirenz; NVP, nevirapine.
Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH:
HLA-B*35:05 and CCHCR1 have been associated with the development of rash during nevirapine-based therapy—a relationship similar to that of HLA‑B*5701 with abacavir hypersensitivity. Both alleles have been associated with rash, although it is worth noting that HLA-B*35:05 is relatively uncommon outside of southeast Asia and South America. In this large (N = 1103), prospective, randomized, multicenter trial, patients were separated into cohorts who either were screened prior to beginning nevirapine-based therapy or were not screened. This is reminiscent of the design of the abacavir hypersensitivity study. All patients began nevirapine‑based therapy except those who screened positive, who instead started efavirenz. There was a lower incidence of rash in those patients who were screened for the HLA-B*35:05 and CCHCR1 variants than those who were not screened (13.2% vs 18.0%, respectively).
Of note, a higher CD4+ cell count was associated with a higher rate of rash. Yet, among those patients at highest risk for developing rash—those with CD4+ cell counts &gt; 250 cells/mm3—there was no predictive value associated with testing. In fact, screening was only found to be protective in women and patients with low CD4+ cell counts. Nevirapine use is now discouraged in patients with higher CD4+ cell counts, and these results suggest that screening will not change that recommendation. In addition, screening for nevirapine hypersensitivity may not be as broadly applicable as HLA-B*5701 screening for abacavir hypersensitivity because of racial differences in the prevalence of these alleles.
HCV, hepatitis C virus; MSM, men who have sex with men; SVR, sustained virologic response.
For detailed information on this study, go to:
http://clinicaloptions.com/HIV/Conference%20Coverage/IAS%202013/New%20Data/Capsules/TUAB0101.aspx
Anton Pozniak, MD, FRCP:
In this single-site study from my center in London, United Kingdom, my colleagues retrospectively evaluated HIV-infected men who have sex with men who either spontaneously cleared an acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or who were successfully treated for chronic HCV infection during an 8-year period from 2004-2012. Nearly 8% of these patients were reinfected with HCV annually. Furthermore, 23.2% of these reinfected patients who again cleared their HCV infection either spontaneously or with treatment were infected with HCV for a third time (ie, a second reinfection).
Some of the reinfections were with an HCV genotype different from the initial infection, indicating a different source for the reinfection. Of note, there was no significant difference in the reinfection rate when comparing individuals who spontaneously cleared their previous infection vs those who were cured following treatment, so these data do not provide evidence that the immune response associated with spontaneous clearance protects against subsequent reinfection.