The document analyzes mercury levels in 18 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples of fish were collected from markets and their mercury content was determined using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury levels ranged from 0.188 to 0.475 μg/g dry weight. Nine species had levels between 0.188 to 0.295 μg/g, six species between 0.307 to 0.378 μg/g, and three species between 0.445 to 0.475 μg/g. The average mercury level across all fish was 0.315 μg/g, within international safety limits.
Mercury concentrations in 14 commonly consumed fresh water fish of bangladeshown
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 14 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and irradiation and radiochemical separation methods were used to determine mercury levels. Results ranged from 0.20-0.91 μg/g dry weight. Six species had 0.20-0.32 μg/g, seven had 0.30-0.50 μg/g, and one had 0.80-0.91 μg/g. The total average was 0.377 μg/g. Mercury levels were found to be within international safety limits and did not pose health risks to Bangladeshi consumers based on estimated dietary intake. The highest levels were found in the catfish Clarias gariepinus
Mercury concentration in some species of fresh water fish of bangladeshown
The document summarizes a study that measured mercury concentrations in 12 species of freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Mercury levels ranged from 0.243 to 0.675 micrograms per gram. Four species had low levels between 0.243-0.299, six had moderate levels of 0.303-0.384, and two had higher levels of 0.536-0.675. The results were within international safety limits. Mercury enters waterways from industrial pollution and is biomagnified in fish tissue. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh is below international limits.
Levels of lead and cadmium in 17 species of fresh water fish of bangladeshown
This study analyzed levels of lead and cadmium in 17 species of commonly consumed freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine metal concentrations in fish samples collected from markets. The highest lead level was 10.05 μg/g in Sicamugil cascasia and the lowest was 0.29 μg/g in Mystus vittatus. The highest cadmium level was 0.16 μg/g in Ompok pabda and the lowest was 0.03 μg/g in Mastacembelus armatus. Metal intake from average fish consumption in Bangladesh was below tolerable limits set by WHO. The study provides baseline data on metal contamination in important fish species for monitoring environmental
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 12 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and analyzed using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.250-0.438 μg/g dry weight. Four species had levels from 0.250-0.293 μg/g, four from 0.335-0.393 μg/g, two from 0.407-0.413 μg/g, and one was 0.500 μg/g. The average for all fish was 0.359±0.063 μg/g. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh was below international safety limits. The results indicate mercury levels in these fish are low and pose no health
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 12 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and analyzed using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.250-0.438 μg/g dry weight. Four species had levels from 0.250-0.293 μg/g, four from 0.335-0.393 μg/g, two from 0.407-0.413 μg/g, and one was 0.500 μg/g. The average for all fish was 0.359±0.063 μg/g. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh was below international safety limits. The results indicate mercury levels in these fish are low and pose no health
This document summarizes a study that measured mercury concentrations in 12 species of freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.243 to 0.675 micrograms per gram. The highest levels were found in Setipinna phasa and the lowest in Neopropius atherinoides. Mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh is below international safety limits. The results indicate that freshwater sources in Bangladesh have low mercury pollution.
This study developed a method to identify and quantify levels of antibacterial and fragrance compounds in Virginia freshwater fish. The method was validated using spiked sodium sulfate and fish fillet samples. Both HHCB and MTCS were detected in fish from Virginia rivers, though levels did not correlate with fish species or location. High lipid content in some fish samples may have interfered with the analysis. Further method improvements could help optimize detection of these compounds.
Mercury concentrations in 14 commonly consumed fresh water fish of bangladeshown
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 14 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and irradiation and radiochemical separation methods were used to determine mercury levels. Results ranged from 0.20-0.91 μg/g dry weight. Six species had 0.20-0.32 μg/g, seven had 0.30-0.50 μg/g, and one had 0.80-0.91 μg/g. The total average was 0.377 μg/g. Mercury levels were found to be within international safety limits and did not pose health risks to Bangladeshi consumers based on estimated dietary intake. The highest levels were found in the catfish Clarias gariepinus
Mercury concentration in some species of fresh water fish of bangladeshown
The document summarizes a study that measured mercury concentrations in 12 species of freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Mercury levels ranged from 0.243 to 0.675 micrograms per gram. Four species had low levels between 0.243-0.299, six had moderate levels of 0.303-0.384, and two had higher levels of 0.536-0.675. The results were within international safety limits. Mercury enters waterways from industrial pollution and is biomagnified in fish tissue. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh is below international limits.
Levels of lead and cadmium in 17 species of fresh water fish of bangladeshown
This study analyzed levels of lead and cadmium in 17 species of commonly consumed freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine metal concentrations in fish samples collected from markets. The highest lead level was 10.05 μg/g in Sicamugil cascasia and the lowest was 0.29 μg/g in Mystus vittatus. The highest cadmium level was 0.16 μg/g in Ompok pabda and the lowest was 0.03 μg/g in Mastacembelus armatus. Metal intake from average fish consumption in Bangladesh was below tolerable limits set by WHO. The study provides baseline data on metal contamination in important fish species for monitoring environmental
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 12 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and analyzed using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.250-0.438 μg/g dry weight. Four species had levels from 0.250-0.293 μg/g, four from 0.335-0.393 μg/g, two from 0.407-0.413 μg/g, and one was 0.500 μg/g. The average for all fish was 0.359±0.063 μg/g. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh was below international safety limits. The results indicate mercury levels in these fish are low and pose no health
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 12 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and analyzed using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.250-0.438 μg/g dry weight. Four species had levels from 0.250-0.293 μg/g, four from 0.335-0.393 μg/g, two from 0.407-0.413 μg/g, and one was 0.500 μg/g. The average for all fish was 0.359±0.063 μg/g. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh was below international safety limits. The results indicate mercury levels in these fish are low and pose no health
This document summarizes a study that measured mercury concentrations in 12 species of freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.243 to 0.675 micrograms per gram. The highest levels were found in Setipinna phasa and the lowest in Neopropius atherinoides. Mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh is below international safety limits. The results indicate that freshwater sources in Bangladesh have low mercury pollution.
This study developed a method to identify and quantify levels of antibacterial and fragrance compounds in Virginia freshwater fish. The method was validated using spiked sodium sulfate and fish fillet samples. Both HHCB and MTCS were detected in fish from Virginia rivers, though levels did not correlate with fish species or location. High lipid content in some fish samples may have interfered with the analysis. Further method improvements could help optimize detection of these compounds.
Assessment of arsenic, cadmium and mercury level in commonly consumed coastal...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes levels of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in six species of fish from the Bay of Bengal in India. Arsenic levels were highest on average (0.66 μg/g), followed by mercury (0.62 μg/g) and cadmium (0.47 μg/g). Concentrations varied by species and metal. Cadmium levels ranged from 0.01-2.10 μg/g across species. Estimated daily and weekly intakes of the metals from fish consumption were below tolerable limits set by international organizations. The study found bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues and recommends ongoing monitoring.
11.assessment of arsenic, cadmium and mercury level in commonly consumed coas...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes levels of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in muscle tissue of six fish species collected from the Bay of Bengal in India. Arsenic levels were highest on average (0.66 μg/g), followed by mercury (0.62 μg/g) and cadmium (0.47 μg/g). Concentrations varied by fish species and metal. Estimated daily intakes of metals from fish consumption were below tolerable limits set by international organizations. Since metals can bioaccumulate in fish, regular monitoring of fish from the Bay of Bengal is recommended.
BIODEGRADATION OF GASOIL BY FUNGAL ISOLATES FROM PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED SOILS AL-kitab university -IRAQ
This document summarizes a study on the biodegradation of gasoil (diesel) by fungal isolates from petroleum contaminated soils. Two fungal strains, Aspergillus sp. and Alternaria sp., were isolated from diesel polluted soils in Ramadi, Iraq. These strains were grown in media containing varying concentrations of diesel (0.5-5%) and incubated for 14 days. Biodegradation was assessed using gas chromatography. Results showed the fungal isolates were able to degrade components of diesel over time, with shorter chain compounds (C9) degraded most and concentrations of longer chains (C16, C17, C21) decreasing. Alternaria sp. showed slightly higher degradation ability than Asperg
Enzymes activity and content of antioxidants in leaves of halophytes from sal...Innspub Net
The purpose of the given study was to investigate characteristics of antioxidant system and other biochemical indices of some salt resistans species growing on saline soils of Georgia. Activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and catalase) and nitrate reductase, also low molecular antioxidants (proline, ascorbic acid, soluble phenols, anthocyanins and carotenoids), and of content of total proteins, chlorophylls, and soluble carbohydrates has been investigated in leaves of salt resistnt plants-Salsola soda L.-opposite-leaved saltworth, Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.-salt cedar, Chenopodium album L.-goosefoot, Artemisia lerchiana (Web.)-sagebrush, Achillea biebersteinii (Afan.)-allheal and Adonis bienertii (Butkov ex Riedl.)-pheasant's eye-growing coastwise and in surroundings of Kumisi Lake (East Georgia, lower Kartli), in order to study the influence of salinization level on the studied parameters. Spectrophotometrical, gazometrical and titration methods has been used for investigations. Increase of salinity induced activation of peroxidase, rise of proline and total proteins content in leaves of eu-and crynohalophytes (saltworth, goosefoot, salt cedar). Activation of catalase and peroxidase, also increase of the content of anthocyanins, phenols, total proteins and soluble carbohydrates was mentioned in leaves of glyco halophytes (sagebrush, allheal, peasant's eye) under the same conditions. Activation of peroxidase and increase of the content of total proteins seemed to be the uniting mechanism for adaptation to high level salinization among the studied species..
Assessment of human health risk for arsenic, copper, nickel, mercury and zinc...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed levels of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc in fish muscle tissues collected from wetlands in India. The levels of heavy metals were below international limits. The researchers calculated tolerable intake levels and estimated human health risks from fish consumption. The target hazard quotients for individual metals were below thresholds, but the hazard index for a mixture was marginally high for one fish species. The estimated cancer risks of arsenic and nickel from some fish were also above acceptable levels. More research is needed to better understand health risks from toxic metals in fish.
Eriocheir sinensis is an important aquaculture animal in China. In order to compare the effects of feeding chilled fish and feed on the flavor of Chinese mitten crab, this experiment compared the volatile flavor substances, sensory evaluation and the differences of amino acids (AA), fatty acids (FA) and nucleotides. As a result, the sweet taste, fresh taste and grass flavor of Chinese chelate crab in the feed group were significantly higher than those in the ice fish group (P<0.05). The fishy smell of the feed group was significantly lower than that of the ice fish group (P<0.05). Amino acids in feed group and chilled fish group were not significantly different. Only 5'-adenosyl monophosphate (AMP) was found to be significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05), and the AMP content in feed group was significantly higher than that in ice fish group. The fatty acid composition of feed group and chilled fish group varied greatly. compared with the chilled fish group, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in feed group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while high unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increased significantly (P<0.05). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to study volatile small molecules in muscle difference, compared with the ice fish group, the content of aldehydes in the feed group increased significantly (P<0.05), and the content of ketones and nitrogen compounds decreased significantly (P<0.05). The enzyme (lipoxygenase) that catalyzes the formation of aldehydes from polyunsaturated fatty acids was further analyzed. Compared with the ice fish group, the expression of LOX 5 genes and proteins and LOX enzyme activity in the feed group were significantly increased (P<0.05).
This study isolated Shewanella oneidensis from soil in Basra, Iraq. S. oneidensis showed high resistance to cadmium (1000 mg/L) and lead (700 mg/L). It effectively accumulated both metals at different concentrations and exposure times. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed S. oneidensis accumulated cadmium and lead intracellularly, causing morphological changes. The results suggest S. oneidensis has potential for bioremediating sites contaminated with heavy metals like cadmium and lead.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of Strobilanthes crispus extract on lipid profiles, antioxidant status, and toxicity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Specific objectives were to determine the extract's effects on total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, lipid peroxidation, liver enzymes, and atherosclerotic lesions. Rabbits were fed one of four diets for 12 weeks: control, high-cholesterol, high-cholesterol with 0.2% extract, or high-cholesterol with simvastatin. Blood and tissue samples were analyzed for biomarkers.
Treatment of Sewage by Phytoremediation method using Izndian mustard Plantijtsrd
Increasing urbanization, industrialization and over population is one of the leading causes of environmental degradation and pollution. Aquatic bodies are the traditional recipients of sewage containing heavy contaminants, which are released in higher concentrations and cause deleterious effects on organisms. Phytoremediation, an ecofriendly technology which is both ecologically sound and economically viable is an attractive alternative to the current cleanup methods that are very expensive. Phytoremediation technology is a cost effective one as it utilizes plants natural ability to suck the pollutant present in the water. There are many plants having this natural ability to up take the heavy metals and organic pollutants from air, soil and water. In this project we have treated the sewage coming out after primary treatment using phytoremediation techniques. In this project, the sewage which is taken from the primary treatment unit is further treated using phytoremediation technique that is the mustard plant is used for treating the sewage and thereby reducing the contaminants in wastewater to meet the wastewater disposal standards. Among various phytoremediation techniques phytovolatilization found to be effective in removing the pollutant as BOD, COD, Turbidity, Total dissolved solids, Kjeldahl nitrogen. The phytovolatilization showed the best removal of BOD up to 59.44 , COD up to 60.02 , Turbidity up to 97.83 , Total dissolved solids up to 31.35 , Kjeldahl nitrogen 97.46 . Karthika. V "Treatment of Sewage by Phytoremediation method using Izndian mustard Plant" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31644.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environmental-engineering/31644/treatment-of-sewage-by-phytoremediation-method-using-izndian-mustard-plant/karthika-v
Wan Marlin Rohalin, Nadzifah Yaakub and Najwa Mohd Fazdil. “Level of Zinc and Lead in Freshwater Fishes in Balok River, Pahang, Malaysia” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.1 (2019): 44-48.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water and Edible Tissues of Nile ...Mohamed Fathi
This document summarizes a study that assessed heavy metal concentrations in water and fish tissues from two Egyptian fish farms irrigated with different water sources. Water and fish tissue samples were collected monthly from each farm for a year and analyzed for manganese, iron, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead. Iron generally had the highest concentration in water, while zinc was highest in fish tissues. Cadmium and lead were below detection limits in most samples. Metal concentrations varied between farms and seasons, but were within permitted limits except for iron.
Effects of Industrialization on Fish and Fishing Community in the Vicinity of...Simul Bhuyan
The Meghna River in Bangladesh is being polluted by industrial effluents, reducing water quality and impacting the livelihoods of local fishermen. Analysis found heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, and fish tissues exceeding international limits. A total of 69 fish species were identified, including some endangered species. Multivariate analysis showed significant anthropogenic inputs of various metals into the river ecosystem. The river pollution index indicates the water is moderately polluted at impacted sites. Industrial pollution is reducing fishermen's incomes and impacting their standard of living and access to services.
Determination of some trace elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium,and Zinc in several samples of fish of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
Determination of Arsenic, Chromium,Selenium and Zinc in fish samples of Bangladesh has been described and compared with the results published elsewhere.
Determination of several elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium and Zinc in some fish samples of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
This document summarizes a study on the accumulation of mercury in marine biota in Buyat Bay, Indonesia. The study found mercury in all sampled organisms, with concentrations varying by species and trophic level. Mercury concentrations were lowest in primary producers like seaweed and sea grass, and highest in carnivorous fish like the honeycomb grouper, with levels over 350 parts per billion. The results indicate biomagnification of mercury up the food chain, especially in the form of methylmercury, the most toxic and bioaccumulative form, posing risks to human health.
Seasonal Variations in Some Biological Parameters (Length-Weight Relationship...Premier Publishers
This study examined the seasonal variations in biological parameters of two commercially important pomfret species, silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) and black pomfret (Parastromateus niger), caught from the Bay of Bengal. Length-weight relationships showed a negative allometric growth pattern in both sexes. Condition factor varied throughout the year but differences between months were not significant. Relative condition factor was highest in rainy and summer seasons for silver and black pomfret, respectively. Gonadosomatic index was highest in May for silver pomfret and March for black pomfret, indicating peak spawning periods. Hepatosomatic index values also increased during these periods. A secondary gonadosomatic
A pilot study on effect of copper and cadmium toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicusresearchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC50) value. A total 120 number of Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20-L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The behavioral changes of Tilapia mossambicus were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
Article Citation:
Anushia C, Sampath kumar P and Selva Prabhu A.
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 020-027.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0008.pdf
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus researchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the
toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus
via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) value. A total 120 number of
Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20 L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0,
4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC 50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC
50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The behavioral changs of Tilapia mossambicus
were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal
cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
Assessment of arsenic, cadmium and mercury level in commonly consumed coastal...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes levels of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in six species of fish from the Bay of Bengal in India. Arsenic levels were highest on average (0.66 μg/g), followed by mercury (0.62 μg/g) and cadmium (0.47 μg/g). Concentrations varied by species and metal. Cadmium levels ranged from 0.01-2.10 μg/g across species. Estimated daily and weekly intakes of the metals from fish consumption were below tolerable limits set by international organizations. The study found bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues and recommends ongoing monitoring.
11.assessment of arsenic, cadmium and mercury level in commonly consumed coas...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes levels of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in muscle tissue of six fish species collected from the Bay of Bengal in India. Arsenic levels were highest on average (0.66 μg/g), followed by mercury (0.62 μg/g) and cadmium (0.47 μg/g). Concentrations varied by fish species and metal. Estimated daily intakes of metals from fish consumption were below tolerable limits set by international organizations. Since metals can bioaccumulate in fish, regular monitoring of fish from the Bay of Bengal is recommended.
BIODEGRADATION OF GASOIL BY FUNGAL ISOLATES FROM PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED SOILS AL-kitab university -IRAQ
This document summarizes a study on the biodegradation of gasoil (diesel) by fungal isolates from petroleum contaminated soils. Two fungal strains, Aspergillus sp. and Alternaria sp., were isolated from diesel polluted soils in Ramadi, Iraq. These strains were grown in media containing varying concentrations of diesel (0.5-5%) and incubated for 14 days. Biodegradation was assessed using gas chromatography. Results showed the fungal isolates were able to degrade components of diesel over time, with shorter chain compounds (C9) degraded most and concentrations of longer chains (C16, C17, C21) decreasing. Alternaria sp. showed slightly higher degradation ability than Asperg
Enzymes activity and content of antioxidants in leaves of halophytes from sal...Innspub Net
The purpose of the given study was to investigate characteristics of antioxidant system and other biochemical indices of some salt resistans species growing on saline soils of Georgia. Activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and catalase) and nitrate reductase, also low molecular antioxidants (proline, ascorbic acid, soluble phenols, anthocyanins and carotenoids), and of content of total proteins, chlorophylls, and soluble carbohydrates has been investigated in leaves of salt resistnt plants-Salsola soda L.-opposite-leaved saltworth, Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.-salt cedar, Chenopodium album L.-goosefoot, Artemisia lerchiana (Web.)-sagebrush, Achillea biebersteinii (Afan.)-allheal and Adonis bienertii (Butkov ex Riedl.)-pheasant's eye-growing coastwise and in surroundings of Kumisi Lake (East Georgia, lower Kartli), in order to study the influence of salinization level on the studied parameters. Spectrophotometrical, gazometrical and titration methods has been used for investigations. Increase of salinity induced activation of peroxidase, rise of proline and total proteins content in leaves of eu-and crynohalophytes (saltworth, goosefoot, salt cedar). Activation of catalase and peroxidase, also increase of the content of anthocyanins, phenols, total proteins and soluble carbohydrates was mentioned in leaves of glyco halophytes (sagebrush, allheal, peasant's eye) under the same conditions. Activation of peroxidase and increase of the content of total proteins seemed to be the uniting mechanism for adaptation to high level salinization among the studied species..
Assessment of human health risk for arsenic, copper, nickel, mercury and zinc...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed levels of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc in fish muscle tissues collected from wetlands in India. The levels of heavy metals were below international limits. The researchers calculated tolerable intake levels and estimated human health risks from fish consumption. The target hazard quotients for individual metals were below thresholds, but the hazard index for a mixture was marginally high for one fish species. The estimated cancer risks of arsenic and nickel from some fish were also above acceptable levels. More research is needed to better understand health risks from toxic metals in fish.
Eriocheir sinensis is an important aquaculture animal in China. In order to compare the effects of feeding chilled fish and feed on the flavor of Chinese mitten crab, this experiment compared the volatile flavor substances, sensory evaluation and the differences of amino acids (AA), fatty acids (FA) and nucleotides. As a result, the sweet taste, fresh taste and grass flavor of Chinese chelate crab in the feed group were significantly higher than those in the ice fish group (P<0.05). The fishy smell of the feed group was significantly lower than that of the ice fish group (P<0.05). Amino acids in feed group and chilled fish group were not significantly different. Only 5'-adenosyl monophosphate (AMP) was found to be significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05), and the AMP content in feed group was significantly higher than that in ice fish group. The fatty acid composition of feed group and chilled fish group varied greatly. compared with the chilled fish group, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in feed group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while high unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increased significantly (P<0.05). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to study volatile small molecules in muscle difference, compared with the ice fish group, the content of aldehydes in the feed group increased significantly (P<0.05), and the content of ketones and nitrogen compounds decreased significantly (P<0.05). The enzyme (lipoxygenase) that catalyzes the formation of aldehydes from polyunsaturated fatty acids was further analyzed. Compared with the ice fish group, the expression of LOX 5 genes and proteins and LOX enzyme activity in the feed group were significantly increased (P<0.05).
This study isolated Shewanella oneidensis from soil in Basra, Iraq. S. oneidensis showed high resistance to cadmium (1000 mg/L) and lead (700 mg/L). It effectively accumulated both metals at different concentrations and exposure times. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed S. oneidensis accumulated cadmium and lead intracellularly, causing morphological changes. The results suggest S. oneidensis has potential for bioremediating sites contaminated with heavy metals like cadmium and lead.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of Strobilanthes crispus extract on lipid profiles, antioxidant status, and toxicity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Specific objectives were to determine the extract's effects on total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, lipid peroxidation, liver enzymes, and atherosclerotic lesions. Rabbits were fed one of four diets for 12 weeks: control, high-cholesterol, high-cholesterol with 0.2% extract, or high-cholesterol with simvastatin. Blood and tissue samples were analyzed for biomarkers.
Treatment of Sewage by Phytoremediation method using Izndian mustard Plantijtsrd
Increasing urbanization, industrialization and over population is one of the leading causes of environmental degradation and pollution. Aquatic bodies are the traditional recipients of sewage containing heavy contaminants, which are released in higher concentrations and cause deleterious effects on organisms. Phytoremediation, an ecofriendly technology which is both ecologically sound and economically viable is an attractive alternative to the current cleanup methods that are very expensive. Phytoremediation technology is a cost effective one as it utilizes plants natural ability to suck the pollutant present in the water. There are many plants having this natural ability to up take the heavy metals and organic pollutants from air, soil and water. In this project we have treated the sewage coming out after primary treatment using phytoremediation techniques. In this project, the sewage which is taken from the primary treatment unit is further treated using phytoremediation technique that is the mustard plant is used for treating the sewage and thereby reducing the contaminants in wastewater to meet the wastewater disposal standards. Among various phytoremediation techniques phytovolatilization found to be effective in removing the pollutant as BOD, COD, Turbidity, Total dissolved solids, Kjeldahl nitrogen. The phytovolatilization showed the best removal of BOD up to 59.44 , COD up to 60.02 , Turbidity up to 97.83 , Total dissolved solids up to 31.35 , Kjeldahl nitrogen 97.46 . Karthika. V "Treatment of Sewage by Phytoremediation method using Izndian mustard Plant" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31644.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environmental-engineering/31644/treatment-of-sewage-by-phytoremediation-method-using-izndian-mustard-plant/karthika-v
Wan Marlin Rohalin, Nadzifah Yaakub and Najwa Mohd Fazdil. “Level of Zinc and Lead in Freshwater Fishes in Balok River, Pahang, Malaysia” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.1 (2019): 44-48.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water and Edible Tissues of Nile ...Mohamed Fathi
This document summarizes a study that assessed heavy metal concentrations in water and fish tissues from two Egyptian fish farms irrigated with different water sources. Water and fish tissue samples were collected monthly from each farm for a year and analyzed for manganese, iron, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead. Iron generally had the highest concentration in water, while zinc was highest in fish tissues. Cadmium and lead were below detection limits in most samples. Metal concentrations varied between farms and seasons, but were within permitted limits except for iron.
Effects of Industrialization on Fish and Fishing Community in the Vicinity of...Simul Bhuyan
The Meghna River in Bangladesh is being polluted by industrial effluents, reducing water quality and impacting the livelihoods of local fishermen. Analysis found heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, and fish tissues exceeding international limits. A total of 69 fish species were identified, including some endangered species. Multivariate analysis showed significant anthropogenic inputs of various metals into the river ecosystem. The river pollution index indicates the water is moderately polluted at impacted sites. Industrial pollution is reducing fishermen's incomes and impacting their standard of living and access to services.
Determination of some trace elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium,and Zinc in several samples of fish of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
Determination of Arsenic, Chromium,Selenium and Zinc in fish samples of Bangladesh has been described and compared with the results published elsewhere.
Determination of several elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium and Zinc in some fish samples of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
This document summarizes a study on the accumulation of mercury in marine biota in Buyat Bay, Indonesia. The study found mercury in all sampled organisms, with concentrations varying by species and trophic level. Mercury concentrations were lowest in primary producers like seaweed and sea grass, and highest in carnivorous fish like the honeycomb grouper, with levels over 350 parts per billion. The results indicate biomagnification of mercury up the food chain, especially in the form of methylmercury, the most toxic and bioaccumulative form, posing risks to human health.
Seasonal Variations in Some Biological Parameters (Length-Weight Relationship...Premier Publishers
This study examined the seasonal variations in biological parameters of two commercially important pomfret species, silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) and black pomfret (Parastromateus niger), caught from the Bay of Bengal. Length-weight relationships showed a negative allometric growth pattern in both sexes. Condition factor varied throughout the year but differences between months were not significant. Relative condition factor was highest in rainy and summer seasons for silver and black pomfret, respectively. Gonadosomatic index was highest in May for silver pomfret and March for black pomfret, indicating peak spawning periods. Hepatosomatic index values also increased during these periods. A secondary gonadosomatic
A pilot study on effect of copper and cadmium toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicusresearchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC50) value. A total 120 number of Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20-L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The behavioral changes of Tilapia mossambicus were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
Article Citation:
Anushia C, Sampath kumar P and Selva Prabhu A.
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 020-027.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0008.pdf
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus researchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the
toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus
via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) value. A total 120 number of
Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20 L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0,
4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC 50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC
50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The behavioral changs of Tilapia mossambicus
were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal
cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
This document summarizes a study on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in bass fish (Morone Saxatilis) caught at Rodoni Cape in the Adriatic Sea in Albania. Samples of bass fish were collected from five sites and analyzed for mercury, lead, and cadmium levels in their muscles. The concentrations of heavy metals varied between fish and sites but were below international limits for human consumption. While the fish were found to be safe for eating, the study recommends continuous monitoring of metal levels in fish from the area due to various factors that can influence metal uptake over time.
Determination of mercury level in rana esculenta (frog), sediment and water f...Alexander Decker
1) The study measured mercury levels in edible frogs (Rana esculenta), sediment, and water from the River Guma in Benue State, Nigeria over three months.
2) Mercury levels were highest in frog livers, followed by intestines and muscles. No mercury was detected in the water.
3) Mercury concentrations in frog tissues were above the recommended WHO value but below levels that would pose health risks. The results indicate bioaccumulation of mercury in the food chain.
Determination of acute toxicity and the effects of sub-acute concentrations o...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Copper oxidenanoparticles have different industrial applications so it is inevitable that nanoparticulate products finally find their way into aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless there is little information available about their effects on some of edible fish. The present study aims to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the effect of two sub-acute concentrations (50 and 70% 96 h LC50) of CuO-NPs on some hematological and biochemical parameters of R. rutilus.
Materials and Methods:
225 healthy specimen of R. rutilus (mean weight 5.52±1.2 g; mean length 6.20±0.2 cm) were transported to the laboratory. In order to prepare the stock solution, CuO-NPs was dispersed in pure water with ultrasonication (50-60 kHz) for 15 min every day before dosing. At first, R. rutilus was exposed to CuO-NPs to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) value. Following acute test, fish were treated with sub-acute concentrations of CuO-NPs (50 and 70% 96 h-LC50 at) with one control group (no CuO-NPs) for a week to determine the changes in the level of some plasma hematological and biochemical parameters.
Results:
The 96 h-LC50 values of CuO-NPs was 2.19±0.003 mg/l. R. rutilus exhibited significantly lower RBC count, Hb and Hct values and a significant increase in the WBC numbers, MCH, MCHC and MCV indices (p<0.05).><0.05).
Conclusion:
These alterations indicate R. rutilus sensitivity to CuO-NPs and changes in blood parameters would be a useful tool for measurement early exposure to CuO nanoparticles.
Heavy metals from industrial waste are contaminating the aquatic systems and fish in West Bengal, India. A study analyzed levels of heavy metals like lead, chromium, nickel, and cadmium in tissues of three fish species from different areas. The highest metal levels were found in the intestine and liver of fish, with lead levels surpassing WHO, EPA, and Indian safety standards. The contamination of heavy metals poses risks to the local fish biodiversity and human health through the food chain.
Assessment on Accumulation of Heavy Metals and its Effect on Liver Tissues of...ijtsrd
Heavy metal pollution is a very serious issue in the present world and is caused by release of toxic substances from industrial and domestic sources into the sea water leading to harm marine organisms. Marine fishes are commonly consumed for its nutritional benefits and thus lead to transfer toxic metals into the food chain. Harpodon nehereus is a common and local fish from west coast of Maharashtra with high consumption rate among local population. Fish organs particularly liver being major site of detoxification shows structural alterations on exposure to pollution stress from their surrounding environment. Histopathological examination provides an indication of organ impairment to evaluate the health status of selected fish and the degree of pollution in marine environment. The present research effort was done to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals and to study histopathological alterations in liver tissues of largely consumed fish Harpodon nehereus collected from Sassoon dock, west Coast of Maharashtra, India. The research was carried out during the post-monsoon season of the year. High accumulation of lead 11.8 ± 8.34 mg kg , copper 20.46 ± 11.06 mg kg and Zinc 286.26 ± 114.5 mg kg were observed in liver tissues. Further histopathological study of present investigation reveals heavy damages in liver tissues of Harpodon nehereus representing that the selected fish is under high threat of pollution stress. Archana Oza | Leena Muralidharan "Assessment on Accumulation of Heavy Metals and its Effect on Liver Tissues of Harpodon Nehereus from Mumbai Coast of Maharashtra, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20250.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/20250/assessment-on-accumulation-of-heavy-metals-and-its-effect-on-liver-tissues-of-harpodon-nehereus-from-mumbai-coast-of-maharashtra-india/archana-oza
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Clarias Gariepinus Exposed to Untreated Pa...ijtsrd
This study presents the heavy metal accumulation profile in Clarias gariepinus catfish exposed to untreated paint effluent. Sub lethal concentrations of paint effluent were used to pollute catfish aquaria. This was followed by isolation and identification of microorganisms from the polluted aquaria after 96 h using conventional microbiological techniques. The tissue heavy metal composition and physicochemical parameters of the aquaria were also monitored using standard analytical methods. Microbial load in the range of 10.00a±2.00 to 189.00d±20.52 cfu ml on tissues of catfish were observed. The heavy metals present in the paint effluent were mainly Lead 1.20±0.01ppm and Zinc 0.34±0.01ppm . No significant difference in the proximate analysis between the tissue of catfish from the control and the polluted aquaria were observed. Catfish tissue accumulated Lead 0.16 ppm from the polluted aquaria. Persistent exposure through pollution by effluent in aquatic environment can lead to increased metallic Lead bioaccumulation that could be unhealthy for both the fish and human consumption. Therefore, indiscriminate discharge of untreated effluent from industrial sites into water bodies should be discouraged. Orimoloye, M. A | Mohammed, A ""Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Clarias Gariepinus Exposed to Untreated Paint Effluent"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29989.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/29989/bioaccumulation-of-heavy-metals-in-clarias-gariepinus-exposed-to-untreated-paint-effluent/orimoloye-m-a
Heavy Metals and Chemical Composition of Mullet Fish and Water Quality of Its...ssusera10e6e
This study analyzed heavy metal concentrations, chemical composition, and water quality parameters of mullet fish and water samples collected from three fish farms in Egypt during winter and summer seasons. The results showed that lead and zinc levels exceeded the maximum permissible limit in some fish samples, while lead and cadmium exceeded limits in some water samples. Water quality was also found to vary between farms and seasons. Overall, the study found evidence of lead and cadmium pollution in the fish farming waters and accumulation of lead and zinc in the fish tissue.
11.[8 17]length-weight relationships of some important estuarine fish species...Alexander Decker
This document presents a study on the length-weight relationships of 23 fish species found in the Merbok estuary in northern Peninsular Malaysia. The study found:
- The b values for the length-weight relationships varied between 2.7928 and 3.6001, indicating 9 species exhibited positive allometric growth, 10 negative allometric growth, 3 isometric growth, and 1 Gompertz form of growth.
- Condition factors ranged from 0.5769 to 3.4994, showing most species were in good condition.
- This study provides the first published length-weight relationships for species from the Merbok estuary. Most fish specimens were juveniles, indicating the estuary
2. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.25, No.2, 2008
lakes and submerged watery land. Another most important source of fish is the Bay of Bengal.
Bangladesh has a large coastal belt.
The Bangladeshis depend mainly on rice and fish. The rich people of Bangladesh can purchase large
expensive types of fish like “Rohi”, “Katla”,”Hilsha” “Chital”,”Pangas, etc. The poor people cannot
afford to purchase them. They generally purchase small types of fish, like, “Tangra”, “Shol”,”Bhetki”,
etc. Sometimes and occasionally, they purchase medium sized fish varieties, low in price. In order to
evaluate the concentration of mercury in small and medium size fish specimens, this work was
undertaken.
Mercury is one of the most toxic elements detrimental to man and other animals. Due to its adverse
effects on them, much attention has been focused on the measurement of mercury in environment. The
presence of high concentration of mercury in river and marine organisms is well–documented [1-4].
Investigations on heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems have recently got much attention and interest in
Europe, Australia and North America, but few studies are available about the level of contamination,
particularly that of Hg in different types of fish from rivers, and of the Bay of Bengal. The reports [5-7]
gave good information on level of few metals including Hg in some river and marine fishes of the Bay of
Bengal.
In the rivers and sea, mercury originates mainly from coal burning, weathering, sewage disposal and
industrial wastes. From discharges of Chloro-alkali industries of Chittagong and Sylhet, through the
rivers, the Karnaphuli and the Surma, mercury discharges to the Bay of Bengal. Nearly, one hundred and
eighty tons of Hg is introduced every year into the Indian environment alone [8]. Yearly, approximately,
2.4 billion tons of sediments [9-11] are carried by the river system of Bangladesh. Thus the high mercury
level in the Bay of Bengal may be due to direct disposal of industrial wastes or solid wastes dumped into
rivers of the subcontinent, which ultimately comes to the Bay of Bengal. .
An estimated value of Hg content in daily diet varies from 5 to 20 mg and may reach up to 100- 300 mg
in coastal areas [7]. Fish can accumulate both organic and inorganic mercury in its metabolic system.
Various species of fish are the natural sources of Hg to man [12]. The total intake of Hg from other
sources is negligible [13-14].
Inhabitants near to the coastal areas are directly or indirectly dependent on the resources of the sea. The
main objective of the present study is to know the mercury level in the commonly consumed fresh water
fish of rivers of Bangladesh, and to compare the results whether they are safer or not to health.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples of Collection
Fish samples- Mystus vitlatus, Lates calcarifer, Penaeus monodon, Clarias batrachus, Heteropneustes
fossilis, Clarias batrachus , Awaous guamensis, Labeo bata , Notopterus notopterus ,Channa striatus,
Eutropichthys vacha , Channa punctaus, Devario devario, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Chanos
2
3. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.25, No.2, 2008
chanos, Stipinna phasa, Cteneopharngodon idella, and Wallago attu, were collected from different fish
markets of Dhaka,Commilla,Chandpur,Chittagong,Sylhet, Rajshahi and Khulna. Special precautions
were taken during their collection and preservation in containers so that these specimens were kept in
good condition. Their weights and sizes were recorded. The samples were cleaned and washed with
deionized water. Only the flesh samples after removal internal organs, head, skin and tails, were taken out
from the body. These samples were sun-dried .The dried samples were then chopped into pieces with the
help of a stainless steel knife (steam cleaned). Only the edible muscle tissue samples were used for
analysis. The sample pieces were dried at 105-110oC in an oven until a constant weight was obtained
(dry weight) .The dried samples were ground, sieved and thoroughly mixed in a stainless steel rotating
drum for 100 hours to produce a homogeneous powder .These powder samples were finally preserved in
clean and dry polythene bottles prior to analysis. All the chemicals and reagents were of analytical
grade.
Irradiation : Portions of the samples (200-300 mg each) were thermally sealed in polyethylene bags and
irradiated for 15 hours along with a known amount of MA-A-2™, the fish flesh homogenate standard of
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) in the TRIGA MARK II reactor at AERE, Savar, Dhaka at
a flux of about (0.5 to 1.0) x1012 n.cm-2.s-1.
Radiochemical Separation: The process for dissolution and chemical separation was the same as the
process described elsewhere [7].
Counting: The samples and the standard were counted on a 125cm3 HPGe detector connected to a 4096
pulse height analyzer PCA II MCA card. The energies (in keV) chosen for the evaluation of the peak
areas were [197Hg: t1/2 (65 h)] Eγ = 69 and 77.3 keV. The minimum detection limit was one nanogram for
mercury for the total sample volume. The counting errors at the detection limits were around 7% .The
blank polyethylene bag did not show any measureable mercury content.
Accuracy and Precision : Experiments were initially carried out using a radioactive tracer and the
corresponding carrier to evaluate the recovery. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analyzing
the homogenate fish flesh (IAEA) Standard Reference Material, MA-A-2 (TM). The mercury
concentration was 0.45± 0.06-µg g-1 and this result is in good agreement with the IAEA certified value
(0.47±0.02 µg g-1).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the Table 1, Mercury concentration in some commonly consumed fresh water fish of Bangladesh and
their comparison with those available in West Bengal (India) (µg g-1 dry weight basis) is shown. Average
mercury concentration was observed in the level, (0.188-0.475) µg g-1 in these samples. The highest
concentration (0.40-0.55) ±0.0645 µ g g-1 is found in Channa striatus and the lowest, (0.17-0.25)
±0.0435 µg g-1 in Channa punctaus . It is observed that the level of Hg in fishes of fresh water origin is
much lower than that in other countries. A relationship between the amount of mercury (µg g-1) and the
number of fishes is shown in Figure 1.
3
4. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.25, No.2, 2008
Table 1.Mercury concentration in some commonly consumed fresh water fish of Bangladesh and their
comparison with those available in West Bengal (India) (µg g-1 dry weight basis)
Mercury
Sl.No Type of fish(Local Scientific names Mercury Mean (West
Names (Bangladesh Bengal,
In Bangladesh India)**
1 Batasio Mystus vitlatus (0.25-0.35)±0.042 0.295 0.20-0.60
tengana(Tangra)
2 Barra mundi Lates calcarifer (0.29-0.45)±-0.072 0.377 0.20-0.65
(Bhetki)
3 -(Bagda) Penaeus (0.24-0.40)±-0.067 0.328 0.20-57
monodon
4 -(Magur) Clarias batrachus (0.28-0.42)±-0.059 0.358 0.41-0.55
5 Stinging Heteropneustes (0.40-0.50)±0.042 0.445 0.36-0.47
catfish(Shingi) fossilis
6 Walking catfish Clarias batrachus (0.0.20-0.30)±0.435 0.258 0.20-0.40
(Koi)
7 -(Bailla) Awaous (0.27-0.40)±0.464 0.34 0.37-0.69
guamensis
8 Bata (Bata) Labeo bata (0.25-0.30)±0.024 0.283 0.20-0.24
9 -(Pholi) Notopterus (0.28-0.43)±0.065 0.373 0.39-0.64
notopterus
10 Snakehead murrel Channa striatus (0.40-0.55)±0.0645 0.475 0.52-0.79
(Shol)
11 -(Bacha) Eutropichthys (0.20-0.37) ±0.069 0.28 0.20-0.41
vacha
12 Spotted snakehed Channa punctaus (0.15-0.25) ±0.0435 0.188 0.20-0.71
(Taki)
13 Sind danio(Baspata) Devario devario (0.20-0.30)±0.044 0.243 0.20-0.72
14 Silver crap(Silver Hypophthalmichthys (0.20-0.26)±0.022 0.23 0.20-0.28
crap) molitrix
15 -(Lyata) Chanos chanos (0.17-0.30) ±0.060 0.213 0.20-0.47
16 Gangetic hairfin Stipinna phasa (0.35-0.55)±0.092 0.45 0.98-1.09
anchovy(Phyasa)
17 Grass crap(Grass Cteneopharyngodon (0.28- 0.35)±0.034 0.308 0.32-0.47
crap) idella
18 Wallago (Boal) Wallago attu (0.18-0.25)±-0.034 0.223 0.21-0.25
Average: 0.3148 µg g-1 Range :( 0.15-0.55) µg g-1
4
5. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.25, No.28
**Mercury in Fish: A Global Health Hazard, Mercury Policy Project, pp 1-50. ZeroMercury, February
2009 (Edward Groth III, PhD, Groth Consulting Services, Pelham, NY, USA
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 1
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
Amt. Of Hg (µgg^-1)
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Serial Number of fish
Though the liver and kidney are usual organs for major concentrations of metals but mercury is
accumulated at higher level only in the muscle of fish [15] and in its case biomagnification occurs
through food chain.
The permissible limit varies a little bit from country to country. One proposed by FDA (Food and Drug
Administration) of the United States is 500 ppb. The mercury level in the present investigation is much
lower than this value. The trend of increasing concentration of Hg with increases in size of fish indicates
long time of its conservation in fish.
5
6. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.25, No.2, 2008
Estimation of Dietary Intake of Hg in Bangladesh
Average concentration of Hg found in the samples fish of fresh water origin is (0.315±0. 0.0513)
µg g-1. Assuming maximum average of fish consumption person-1 day -1 is 6-10 g dry fish for various
areas of Bangladesh, the maximum Hg intake through fish is estimated to be (1.90-3.15) µg person-1
day-1 . This value is well below the maximum acceptable level for human being (0.5 µg g-1 wet weight)
[15-20]. Similarly, 70 g dry fish per week would result in an intake of 22.05 µg of Hg which is also below
the tolerable limit (0.7 mg (kg)-1 body wt.day-1) of an about 70 kg man as suggested by the report [20].
CONCLUSION
The level of mercury reported here may be taken as a convenient baseline for determining future pollution
trends. Low Hg content observed in this study indicates that various types of fish are from pollution or
mercury contamination and come from clean environment. So there is no danger to have these fishes for a
Bangladeshi person.
Acknowledgement
The authors express thanks to Mr.K.R.Krishnamorti, Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhava Atomic
Research Center, Trombay, India, for using the method, the radiochemical separation of trace metals in
biological samples, used in that Laboratory
REFERENCES
[1] Akielazek, J.J.and Haines, T.A. (1981) Mercury in the muscle tissue of fish from three northern
marine lakes, Bull Environ. Contom.Toxically, 27(1), pp. 201-208
[2] Bacci,E.(1989) Mercury in the Mediterranean, Mar.Pollute.Bull. , 20(2), pp.59-63
[3 ] Bjorklund, I., Borg, H. and Johanssson, K. (1984) Mercury in Swedish lakes, its regional distribution
and causes, Ambio., 13(2), pp 118-121.
[4] Lee,Y.H. and Hultberg, H.(1990), Methylmercury in some Swedish surface waters, Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 9, pp.833-841.
[5] Sharif, A.K.M., Mustafa, A.I., Amin.N.M. and Safiullah,S (1991),Trace metals in tropical marine fish
from the Bay of Bengal, Sci .Total Environ., 107, pp. 135-142.
[6] Sharif, A.K.M., Mustafa,A.I., Mirza, A.H. and Safiullah,S.(1993a),Trace element concentrations in
ten species of freshwater fish of Bangladesh, Sci. Total Environ., 138, pp. 223-234.
6
7. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.25, No.2, 2008
[7] Sharif. A.K.M., Alamgir, M., Krishnamoorty, K.R. and Mustafa, A.I. (1993b), Determination of
arsenic, chromium, mercury, selenium and zinc in tropical marine fish, Nucl.Chem.,170, pp.299-307.
[8] Chaudhuri, N. (1980) Increasing danger of mercury pollution, Ind.Exp, 48, p 9.
[9] Holeman, J.N. (1968), The sediment field of major rivers of the world, Water Resources research,
Vol.4 (4), pp. 737-747
[10] Coleman, J.M. (1969) , Bhrahmaputra Rivers: Channel Processes and sedimentation, Sedimentary
Geology, Vol. 3(2-3), pp. 129-238.
[11] Khan.H.R. (1978), A Study of Water Resources Development Activities in Bangladesh. A report for
Ford Foundation, Dhaka, p. 87.
[12] Chovjka, R. and Williams, R.J. (1980) Mercury levels in six species of Australian Commercial fish,
Aust.J.Mar.Fresh water Res., 31, pp. 469-473.
[13] Clarkson, T.W. (1984), Mercury, In: J.O.Nriagu (ed.) Changing Metals Cycles and Human Health,
Springer Vertag, Berlin, pp. 285-309.
[14] Turner, M.D., March, D.O., Smith, J.C., Inglics, J.B., J.B., Clarkson, T.W., Rubio, C.E., Chirboga, J.
and Chiriboga, C.C.(1980), Methylmercury in population eating large quantities of marine fish, Arch.
Evviron. Health., 35, pp. 367-370.
[15] Peterson, C.L., Klawe,W.L., and Sharp G.D.(1973), Mercury in Tunas: A Review, Fish Bull., 71,
pp. 603-612.
[16] FAO/WHO (1972-1987), Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Reports 505, 631,
683,696 and 751. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[17] Nauen, C.E. (1983), Complication of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery
products, FAO Fish Cric., 764.
[18] Denton, G.R.W. and Burdon-Jones, C (1996), Trace metals in fish from Great Barrier Reef, Marine.
Pollute. Bull. 30(5), pp. 201-209.
[19] Hakanson, L., Nilsson, A. and Andersson, T. (1988), Mercury in fish in Swedish Lakes, Environ
Pollut., 49(2), pp. 145-162.
[20] WHO (1976), Environmental Health Criteria, I-Mercury, WHO, Geneva
7