This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 12 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and analyzed using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.250-0.438 μg/g dry weight. Four species had levels from 0.250-0.293 μg/g, four from 0.335-0.393 μg/g, two from 0.407-0.413 μg/g, and one was 0.500 μg/g. The average for all fish was 0.359±0.063 μg/g. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh was below international safety limits. The results indicate mercury levels in these fish are low and pose no health
The document analyzes mercury levels in 18 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples of fish were collected from markets and their mercury content was determined using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury levels ranged from 0.188 to 0.475 μg/g dry weight. Nine species had levels between 0.188 to 0.295 μg/g, six species between 0.307 to 0.378 μg/g, and three species between 0.445 to 0.475 μg/g. The average mercury level across all fish was 0.315 μg/g, within international safety limits.
Mercury concentration in some species of fresh water fish of bangladeshown
The document summarizes a study that measured mercury concentrations in 12 species of freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Mercury levels ranged from 0.243 to 0.675 micrograms per gram. Four species had low levels between 0.243-0.299, six had moderate levels of 0.303-0.384, and two had higher levels of 0.536-0.675. The results were within international safety limits. Mercury enters waterways from industrial pollution and is biomagnified in fish tissue. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh is below international limits.
Mercury concentrations in 14 commonly consumed fresh water fish of bangladeshown
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 14 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and irradiation and radiochemical separation methods were used to determine mercury levels. Results ranged from 0.20-0.91 μg/g dry weight. Six species had 0.20-0.32 μg/g, seven had 0.30-0.50 μg/g, and one had 0.80-0.91 μg/g. The total average was 0.377 μg/g. Mercury levels were found to be within international safety limits and did not pose health risks to Bangladeshi consumers based on estimated dietary intake. The highest levels were found in the catfish Clarias gariepinus
Levels of lead and cadmium in 17 species of fresh water fish of bangladeshown
This study analyzed levels of lead and cadmium in 17 species of commonly consumed freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine metal concentrations in fish samples collected from markets. The highest lead level was 10.05 μg/g in Sicamugil cascasia and the lowest was 0.29 μg/g in Mystus vittatus. The highest cadmium level was 0.16 μg/g in Ompok pabda and the lowest was 0.03 μg/g in Mastacembelus armatus. Metal intake from average fish consumption in Bangladesh was below tolerable limits set by WHO. The study provides baseline data on metal contamination in important fish species for monitoring environmental
This document summarizes a study that measured mercury concentrations in 12 species of freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.243 to 0.675 micrograms per gram. The highest levels were found in Setipinna phasa and the lowest in Neopropius atherinoides. Mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh is below international safety limits. The results indicate that freshwater sources in Bangladesh have low mercury pollution.
This study isolated Shewanella oneidensis from soil in Basra, Iraq. S. oneidensis showed high resistance to cadmium (1000 mg/L) and lead (700 mg/L). It effectively accumulated both metals at different concentrations and exposure times. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed S. oneidensis accumulated cadmium and lead intracellularly, causing morphological changes. The results suggest S. oneidensis has potential for bioremediating sites contaminated with heavy metals like cadmium and lead.
This document summarizes a study on the tolerance of fungi found in peri-urban agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals in Lahore and Faisalabad, Pakistan. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metal content, pH, organic matter, etc. Aspergillus niger fungi were isolated from the soils and tested for their tolerance to chromium by measuring their growth in increasing concentrations of chromium. A. niger showed minimum growth at 6mg/ml of chromium. A. niger from both sites also exhibited maximum biosorption of chromium at 8mM and 10mM concentrations. The study aimed to explore fungi from contaminated soils for their potential in bioremediation and biosorption applications.
The document analyzes mercury levels in 18 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples of fish were collected from markets and their mercury content was determined using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. Mercury levels ranged from 0.188 to 0.475 μg/g dry weight. Nine species had levels between 0.188 to 0.295 μg/g, six species between 0.307 to 0.378 μg/g, and three species between 0.445 to 0.475 μg/g. The average mercury level across all fish was 0.315 μg/g, within international safety limits.
Mercury concentration in some species of fresh water fish of bangladeshown
The document summarizes a study that measured mercury concentrations in 12 species of freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Mercury levels ranged from 0.243 to 0.675 micrograms per gram. Four species had low levels between 0.243-0.299, six had moderate levels of 0.303-0.384, and two had higher levels of 0.536-0.675. The results were within international safety limits. Mercury enters waterways from industrial pollution and is biomagnified in fish tissue. Estimated daily mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh is below international limits.
Mercury concentrations in 14 commonly consumed fresh water fish of bangladeshown
This study analyzed mercury concentrations in 14 commonly consumed freshwater fish species in Bangladesh. Samples were collected from markets and irradiation and radiochemical separation methods were used to determine mercury levels. Results ranged from 0.20-0.91 μg/g dry weight. Six species had 0.20-0.32 μg/g, seven had 0.30-0.50 μg/g, and one had 0.80-0.91 μg/g. The total average was 0.377 μg/g. Mercury levels were found to be within international safety limits and did not pose health risks to Bangladeshi consumers based on estimated dietary intake. The highest levels were found in the catfish Clarias gariepinus
Levels of lead and cadmium in 17 species of fresh water fish of bangladeshown
This study analyzed levels of lead and cadmium in 17 species of commonly consumed freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine metal concentrations in fish samples collected from markets. The highest lead level was 10.05 μg/g in Sicamugil cascasia and the lowest was 0.29 μg/g in Mystus vittatus. The highest cadmium level was 0.16 μg/g in Ompok pabda and the lowest was 0.03 μg/g in Mastacembelus armatus. Metal intake from average fish consumption in Bangladesh was below tolerable limits set by WHO. The study provides baseline data on metal contamination in important fish species for monitoring environmental
This document summarizes a study that measured mercury concentrations in 12 species of freshwater fish in Bangladesh. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.243 to 0.675 micrograms per gram. The highest levels were found in Setipinna phasa and the lowest in Neopropius atherinoides. Mercury intake from fish consumption in Bangladesh is below international safety limits. The results indicate that freshwater sources in Bangladesh have low mercury pollution.
This study isolated Shewanella oneidensis from soil in Basra, Iraq. S. oneidensis showed high resistance to cadmium (1000 mg/L) and lead (700 mg/L). It effectively accumulated both metals at different concentrations and exposure times. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed S. oneidensis accumulated cadmium and lead intracellularly, causing morphological changes. The results suggest S. oneidensis has potential for bioremediating sites contaminated with heavy metals like cadmium and lead.
This document summarizes a study on the tolerance of fungi found in peri-urban agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals in Lahore and Faisalabad, Pakistan. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metal content, pH, organic matter, etc. Aspergillus niger fungi were isolated from the soils and tested for their tolerance to chromium by measuring their growth in increasing concentrations of chromium. A. niger showed minimum growth at 6mg/ml of chromium. A. niger from both sites also exhibited maximum biosorption of chromium at 8mM and 10mM concentrations. The study aimed to explore fungi from contaminated soils for their potential in bioremediation and biosorption applications.
This document discusses chitin and chitosan. It provides information on their origin from sources like crustacean shells and insect exoskeletons. It describes their physico-chemical properties and how chitosan is derived from chitin through deacetylation. Various applications of chitosan are listed in areas like water treatment, paper production, medicine, cosmetics, biotechnology, agriculture, and food. Key properties exploited include antimicrobial effects, film forming ability, and binding capacity. Examples of specific uses include flocculation, filtration, wound dressings, drug delivery, and more.
Assessment of human health risk for arsenic, copper, nickel, mercury and zinc...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed levels of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc in fish muscle tissues collected from wetlands in India. The levels of heavy metals were below international limits. The researchers calculated tolerable intake levels and estimated human health risks from fish consumption. The target hazard quotients for individual metals were below thresholds, but the hazard index for a mixture was marginally high for one fish species. The estimated cancer risks of arsenic and nickel from some fish were also above acceptable levels. More research is needed to better understand health risks from toxic metals in fish.
This document discusses primary and secondary standards used in pharmaceutical analysis. Primary standards are highly pure substances (99.95-100.05%) that are stable over temperature and used to standardize volumetric reagents. They must be easy to obtain and purify, soluble, and react stoichiometrically. Examples include potassium hydrogen phthalate and sodium carbonate. Secondary standards are solutions of known concentration determined by titrating against a primary standard. They have less purity and stability than primary standards and are used when primary standards are not practical, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium permanganate.
Heavy metal analysis in herbal formulation by akshay kakdeAkshay Kakde
Heavy metals are commonly found contaminants in herbal medicines. Various detection methods like atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry can be used to quantify heavy metal levels and ensure they meet regulatory limits. Case studies have found some herbal formulations to contain mercury, lead, and chromium above permitted levels, posing health risks with prolonged use. Proper agricultural practices, manufacturing controls, and regular testing are needed to minimize heavy metal contamination in herbal medicines.
The document discusses primary and secondary standards. A primary standard is a compound that is sufficiently pure such that a standard solution can be directly prepared by weighing and diluting the compound. It must be easy to obtain, purify, dry, store, and test for impurities. Sodium carbonate, sodium tetraborate, and benzoic acid are provided as examples of primary standards for acid-base, complex formation, and oxidation-reduction reactions respectively. A secondary standard is a substance whose concentration has been determined by comparison to a primary standard solution, rather than direct weighing. Hydrated salts generally do not make good standards due to drying difficulties, but some like sodium tetraborate do not effloresce and can
11.assessment of arsenic, cadmium and mercury level in commonly consumed coas...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes levels of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in muscle tissue of six fish species collected from the Bay of Bengal in India. Arsenic levels were highest on average (0.66 μg/g), followed by mercury (0.62 μg/g) and cadmium (0.47 μg/g). Concentrations varied by fish species and metal. Estimated daily intakes of metals from fish consumption were below tolerable limits set by international organizations. Since metals can bioaccumulate in fish, regular monitoring of fish from the Bay of Bengal is recommended.
Assessment of arsenic, cadmium and mercury level in commonly consumed coastal...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes levels of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in six species of fish from the Bay of Bengal in India. Arsenic levels were highest on average (0.66 μg/g), followed by mercury (0.62 μg/g) and cadmium (0.47 μg/g). Concentrations varied by species and metal. Cadmium levels ranged from 0.01-2.10 μg/g across species. Estimated daily and weekly intakes of the metals from fish consumption were below tolerable limits set by international organizations. The study found bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues and recommends ongoing monitoring.
Heavy metals from industrial waste are contaminating the aquatic systems and fish in West Bengal, India. A study analyzed levels of heavy metals like lead, chromium, nickel, and cadmium in tissues of three fish species from different areas. The highest metal levels were found in the intestine and liver of fish, with lead levels surpassing WHO, EPA, and Indian safety standards. The contamination of heavy metals poses risks to the local fish biodiversity and human health through the food chain.
Bacterial and heavy metals analyses in fish at shawaka area ofAlexander Decker
This study analyzed bacteria and heavy metal levels in fish from the Shawaka area of the Tigris River in Baghdad, Iraq from October to December 2012. Bacteria counts on fish guts, gills and skin ranged from 1.9x103 to 35.35x103 cfu/g. A total of 151 bacterial isolates from fish organs were identified, with E. coli being the most common. Heavy metal analyses found lead, zinc, cadmium, copper and mercury levels in fish tissues exceeded international limits. The highest metal concentrations were found for zinc in Barbus luteus and mercury in Heteropneustes fossilis. The results indicate fish from this area face pollution risks from bacteria and heavy metals
Determination of some trace elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium,and Zinc in several samples of fish of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
Determination of Arsenic, Chromium,Selenium and Zinc in fish samples of Bangladesh has been described and compared with the results published elsewhere.
Determination of several elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium and Zinc in some fish samples of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
Wan Marlin Rohalin, Nadzifah Yaakub and Najwa Mohd Fazdil. “Level of Zinc and Lead in Freshwater Fishes in Balok River, Pahang, Malaysia” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.1 (2019): 44-48.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water and Edible Tissues of Nile ...Mohamed Fathi
This document summarizes a study that assessed heavy metal concentrations in water and fish tissues from two Egyptian fish farms irrigated with different water sources. Water and fish tissue samples were collected monthly from each farm for a year and analyzed for manganese, iron, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead. Iron generally had the highest concentration in water, while zinc was highest in fish tissues. Cadmium and lead were below detection limits in most samples. Metal concentrations varied between farms and seasons, but were within permitted limits except for iron.
This document summarizes a study on the accumulation of mercury in marine biota in Buyat Bay, Indonesia. The study found mercury in all sampled organisms, with concentrations varying by species and trophic level. Mercury concentrations were lowest in primary producers like seaweed and sea grass, and highest in carnivorous fish like the honeycomb grouper, with levels over 350 parts per billion. The results indicate biomagnification of mercury up the food chain, especially in the form of methylmercury, the most toxic and bioaccumulative form, posing risks to human health.
The document reports on a study that analyzed levels of arsenic, chromium, selenium, and zinc in several species of tropical marine fish from the Bay of Bengal in Bangladesh. Neutron activation analysis with radiochemical separation was used to determine concentrations of the elements in parts per million (μg/g) in dried fish samples. The results show concentrations of the elements were below permissible limits. Average concentrations were: arsenic - 3.234 μg/g, selenium - 4.385 μg/g, chromium - 1.007 μg/g, and zinc - 59 μg/g. Estimated daily intake of the elements from fish consumption was also below toxic levels. The study provides baseline data on metal contamination in these fish species commonly
Effects of Industrialization on Fish and Fishing Community in the Vicinity of...Simul Bhuyan
The Meghna River in Bangladesh is being polluted by industrial effluents, reducing water quality and impacting the livelihoods of local fishermen. Analysis found heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, and fish tissues exceeding international limits. A total of 69 fish species were identified, including some endangered species. Multivariate analysis showed significant anthropogenic inputs of various metals into the river ecosystem. The river pollution index indicates the water is moderately polluted at impacted sites. Industrial pollution is reducing fishermen's incomes and impacting their standard of living and access to services.
A pilot study on effect of copper and cadmium toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicusresearchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC50) value. A total 120 number of Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20-L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The behavioral changes of Tilapia mossambicus were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
Article Citation:
Anushia C, Sampath kumar P and Selva Prabhu A.
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 020-027.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0008.pdf
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus researchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the
toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus
via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) value. A total 120 number of
Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20 L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0,
4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC 50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC
50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The behavioral changs of Tilapia mossambicus
were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal
cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
This document discusses chitin and chitosan. It provides information on their origin from sources like crustacean shells and insect exoskeletons. It describes their physico-chemical properties and how chitosan is derived from chitin through deacetylation. Various applications of chitosan are listed in areas like water treatment, paper production, medicine, cosmetics, biotechnology, agriculture, and food. Key properties exploited include antimicrobial effects, film forming ability, and binding capacity. Examples of specific uses include flocculation, filtration, wound dressings, drug delivery, and more.
Assessment of human health risk for arsenic, copper, nickel, mercury and zinc...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed levels of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc in fish muscle tissues collected from wetlands in India. The levels of heavy metals were below international limits. The researchers calculated tolerable intake levels and estimated human health risks from fish consumption. The target hazard quotients for individual metals were below thresholds, but the hazard index for a mixture was marginally high for one fish species. The estimated cancer risks of arsenic and nickel from some fish were also above acceptable levels. More research is needed to better understand health risks from toxic metals in fish.
This document discusses primary and secondary standards used in pharmaceutical analysis. Primary standards are highly pure substances (99.95-100.05%) that are stable over temperature and used to standardize volumetric reagents. They must be easy to obtain and purify, soluble, and react stoichiometrically. Examples include potassium hydrogen phthalate and sodium carbonate. Secondary standards are solutions of known concentration determined by titrating against a primary standard. They have less purity and stability than primary standards and are used when primary standards are not practical, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium permanganate.
Heavy metal analysis in herbal formulation by akshay kakdeAkshay Kakde
Heavy metals are commonly found contaminants in herbal medicines. Various detection methods like atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry can be used to quantify heavy metal levels and ensure they meet regulatory limits. Case studies have found some herbal formulations to contain mercury, lead, and chromium above permitted levels, posing health risks with prolonged use. Proper agricultural practices, manufacturing controls, and regular testing are needed to minimize heavy metal contamination in herbal medicines.
The document discusses primary and secondary standards. A primary standard is a compound that is sufficiently pure such that a standard solution can be directly prepared by weighing and diluting the compound. It must be easy to obtain, purify, dry, store, and test for impurities. Sodium carbonate, sodium tetraborate, and benzoic acid are provided as examples of primary standards for acid-base, complex formation, and oxidation-reduction reactions respectively. A secondary standard is a substance whose concentration has been determined by comparison to a primary standard solution, rather than direct weighing. Hydrated salts generally do not make good standards due to drying difficulties, but some like sodium tetraborate do not effloresce and can
11.assessment of arsenic, cadmium and mercury level in commonly consumed coas...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes levels of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in muscle tissue of six fish species collected from the Bay of Bengal in India. Arsenic levels were highest on average (0.66 μg/g), followed by mercury (0.62 μg/g) and cadmium (0.47 μg/g). Concentrations varied by fish species and metal. Estimated daily intakes of metals from fish consumption were below tolerable limits set by international organizations. Since metals can bioaccumulate in fish, regular monitoring of fish from the Bay of Bengal is recommended.
Assessment of arsenic, cadmium and mercury level in commonly consumed coastal...Alexander Decker
The document analyzes levels of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury in six species of fish from the Bay of Bengal in India. Arsenic levels were highest on average (0.66 μg/g), followed by mercury (0.62 μg/g) and cadmium (0.47 μg/g). Concentrations varied by species and metal. Cadmium levels ranged from 0.01-2.10 μg/g across species. Estimated daily and weekly intakes of the metals from fish consumption were below tolerable limits set by international organizations. The study found bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues and recommends ongoing monitoring.
Heavy metals from industrial waste are contaminating the aquatic systems and fish in West Bengal, India. A study analyzed levels of heavy metals like lead, chromium, nickel, and cadmium in tissues of three fish species from different areas. The highest metal levels were found in the intestine and liver of fish, with lead levels surpassing WHO, EPA, and Indian safety standards. The contamination of heavy metals poses risks to the local fish biodiversity and human health through the food chain.
Bacterial and heavy metals analyses in fish at shawaka area ofAlexander Decker
This study analyzed bacteria and heavy metal levels in fish from the Shawaka area of the Tigris River in Baghdad, Iraq from October to December 2012. Bacteria counts on fish guts, gills and skin ranged from 1.9x103 to 35.35x103 cfu/g. A total of 151 bacterial isolates from fish organs were identified, with E. coli being the most common. Heavy metal analyses found lead, zinc, cadmium, copper and mercury levels in fish tissues exceeded international limits. The highest metal concentrations were found for zinc in Barbus luteus and mercury in Heteropneustes fossilis. The results indicate fish from this area face pollution risks from bacteria and heavy metals
Determination of some trace elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium,and Zinc in several samples of fish of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
Determination of Arsenic, Chromium,Selenium and Zinc in fish samples of Bangladesh has been described and compared with the results published elsewhere.
Determination of several elements, Arsenic,Selenium, Chromium and Zinc in some fish samples of Bangladesh has been determined by neutron activation analysis. The results obtained are compared with those published elsewhere.
Wan Marlin Rohalin, Nadzifah Yaakub and Najwa Mohd Fazdil. “Level of Zinc and Lead in Freshwater Fishes in Balok River, Pahang, Malaysia” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.1 (2019): 44-48.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Water and Edible Tissues of Nile ...Mohamed Fathi
This document summarizes a study that assessed heavy metal concentrations in water and fish tissues from two Egyptian fish farms irrigated with different water sources. Water and fish tissue samples were collected monthly from each farm for a year and analyzed for manganese, iron, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead. Iron generally had the highest concentration in water, while zinc was highest in fish tissues. Cadmium and lead were below detection limits in most samples. Metal concentrations varied between farms and seasons, but were within permitted limits except for iron.
This document summarizes a study on the accumulation of mercury in marine biota in Buyat Bay, Indonesia. The study found mercury in all sampled organisms, with concentrations varying by species and trophic level. Mercury concentrations were lowest in primary producers like seaweed and sea grass, and highest in carnivorous fish like the honeycomb grouper, with levels over 350 parts per billion. The results indicate biomagnification of mercury up the food chain, especially in the form of methylmercury, the most toxic and bioaccumulative form, posing risks to human health.
The document reports on a study that analyzed levels of arsenic, chromium, selenium, and zinc in several species of tropical marine fish from the Bay of Bengal in Bangladesh. Neutron activation analysis with radiochemical separation was used to determine concentrations of the elements in parts per million (μg/g) in dried fish samples. The results show concentrations of the elements were below permissible limits. Average concentrations were: arsenic - 3.234 μg/g, selenium - 4.385 μg/g, chromium - 1.007 μg/g, and zinc - 59 μg/g. Estimated daily intake of the elements from fish consumption was also below toxic levels. The study provides baseline data on metal contamination in these fish species commonly
Effects of Industrialization on Fish and Fishing Community in the Vicinity of...Simul Bhuyan
The Meghna River in Bangladesh is being polluted by industrial effluents, reducing water quality and impacting the livelihoods of local fishermen. Analysis found heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, and fish tissues exceeding international limits. A total of 69 fish species were identified, including some endangered species. Multivariate analysis showed significant anthropogenic inputs of various metals into the river ecosystem. The river pollution index indicates the water is moderately polluted at impacted sites. Industrial pollution is reducing fishermen's incomes and impacting their standard of living and access to services.
A pilot study on effect of copper and cadmium toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicusresearchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC50) value. A total 120 number of Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20-L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The behavioral changes of Tilapia mossambicus were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
Article Citation:
Anushia C, Sampath kumar P and Selva Prabhu A.
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 020-027.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0008.pdf
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus researchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the
toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus
via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) value. A total 120 number of
Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20 L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0,
4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC 50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC
50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The behavioral changs of Tilapia mossambicus
were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal
cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
Pesticide Contamination in some lakes of Rajasthaniosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
11.assessment of human health risk for arsenic, copper, nickel, mercury and z...Alexander Decker
This study analyzed levels of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc in muscle tissues of fish from wetlands in Kolkata, India. The levels of heavy metals in fish tissues were below international limits. The researchers calculated tolerable intake levels and estimated human health risks from consuming the contaminated fish. The target hazard quotients for individual metals were below thresholds, but the hazard index for arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel and zinc in one fish species was marginally high. The estimated target cancer risks of arsenic and nickel from some fish species were above acceptable levels. More research is needed to fully understand health risks from toxic metals in fish consumed in the region.
Heavy Metals and Chemical Composition of Mullet Fish and Water Quality of Its...ssusera10e6e
This study analyzed heavy metal concentrations, chemical composition, and water quality parameters of mullet fish and water samples collected from three fish farms in Egypt during winter and summer seasons. The results showed that lead and zinc levels exceeded the maximum permissible limit in some fish samples, while lead and cadmium exceeded limits in some water samples. Water quality was also found to vary between farms and seasons. Overall, the study found evidence of lead and cadmium pollution in the fish farming waters and accumulation of lead and zinc in the fish tissue.
2. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.25, No.1, 2008
The Bangladeshis depend on rice and fish. The rich people of Bangladesh can purchase large types of fish
like “Rohi”, “Katla”,”Hilsha” “Chital”,”Kalibasu”, etc. The poor people cannot afford to purchase them.
They generally purchase small types of fish, like, “Tangra”, “Taki”,”Bele”, etc. Sometimes and
occasionally, they purchase medium sized fish varieties, low in price. In order to evaluate the
concentration of mercury in small and medium size fish specimens, this work was undertaken.
Mercury is one of the most toxic elements detrimental to man and other animals. Due to adverse effects
on them, much attention has been focused on the measurement of mercury in environment. The presence
of high concentration of mercury in river and marine organisms is well–documented [1-4]. Investigations
on heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems have recently got much attention and interest in Europe,
Australia and North America, but few studies are available about the level of contamination, particularly
that of Hg in different types of fish from rivers, and of the Bay of Bengal. The reports [5-7] gave good
information on level of few metals including Hg in some river and marine fishes of the Bay of Bengal.
In the rivers and sea, mercury originates mainly from coal burning, weathering, sewage disposal and
industrial wastes. From discharges of Chloro-alkali industries of Chittagong and Sylhet, through the
rivers, the Karnaphuli and the Surma, mercury discharges to the Bay of Bengal. Nearly, one hundred and
eighty tons of Hg is introduced every year into the Indian environment alone [8]. Every year nearly, 2.4
billion tons of sediments [9-11] are carried by the river system of Bangladesh. Thus the high mercury
level in the Bay of Bengal may be due to direct disposal of industrial wastes or solid wastes dumped into
rivers of the subcontinent, which ultimately comes to the Bay of Bengal. .
An estimated value of Hg content in daily diet varies from 5 to 20 mg and may reach up to 100- 300 mg
in coastal areas [7]. Fish can accumulate both organic and inorganic mercury in its metabolic system.
Various species of fish are the natural sources of Hg to man [12]. The total intake of Hg from other
sources is negligible [13-14].
Inhabitants near to the coastal areas are directly or indirectly dependent on the resources of the sea. The
main objective of the present study is to know the mercury level in the commonly consumed fresh water
fish of rivers of Bangladesh, and to compare the results whether they are safe or not to health.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples of Collection : Fish samples- Chitala chitala, Cirrhinus cirrhous, Ctenophryngodon idella, Colisa
fasciata, Cyprinus carpio carpio, Glossogobius giuris, Hypophthalmichthus michthys molitrix, Labeo boggut,
Monopterus cuchia, Ailia coila, Labeo calbasu and Channa punctala were collected from different fish markets
of Dhaka, Commilla, Chandpur, Chittagong,Sylhet, Rajshahi and Khulna. Special precautions were taken
during their collection and preservation in containers so that these specimens were kept in good condition.
Their weights and sizes were recorded. The samples were cleaned and washed with deionized water. Only
the flesh samples after removal internal organs, head, skin and tails, were taken out from the body. These
samples were sun-dried. The dried samples were then chopped into pieces with the help of a stainless
steel knife (steam-cleaned).
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3. J.Nat.O.A.M.Institute Vol.25, No.1, 2008
Only the edible muscle tissue samples were used for analysis. The sample pieces were dried at 105-
110oC in an oven until a constant weight was obtained (dry weight) .The dried samples were ground,
sieved and thoroughly mixed in a stainless steel rotating drum for 100 hours to produce a homogeneous
powder .These powder samples were finally preserved in clean and dry polythene bottles prior to
analysis. All the chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
Irradiation
Portions of the samples (200-300 mg each) were thermally sealed in polyethylene bags and irradiated for
18 hours along with a known amount of MA-A-2™, the fish flesh homogenate standard of IAEA
(International Atomic Energy Agency) in the TRIGA MARK II reactor at AERE, Savar, Dhaka at a flux
of about (0.5 to 1.0) x1012 n.cm-2.s-1.
Radiochemical Separation
The process for dissolution and chemical separation was the same as the process described elsewhere [7].
Counting
The samples and the standard were counted on a 125cm3 HPGe detector connected to a 4096 pulse height
analyzer PCA II MCA card. The energies (in keV) chosen for the evaluation of the peak areas were
[197Hg: t1/2 (65 h)] Eγ = 69 and 77.3 keV. The minimum detection limit was one nanogram for mercury
for the total sample volume. The counting errors at the detection limits were around 7% .The blank
polyethylene bag did not show any measureable mercury content.
Accuracy and Precision
Experiments were initially carried out using a radioactive tracer and the corresponding carrier to evaluate
the recovery. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analyzing the homogenate fish flesh (IAEA)
Standard Reference Material, MA-A-2 (TM). The mercury concentration was 0.45± 0.06-µg g-1 and this
result is in good agreement with the IAEA certified value (0.47±0.02 µg g-1).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the Table 1, Mercury concentrations in some commonly consumed fresh water fish of Bangladesh and
their comparison with those available in West Bengal (India) (µg g-1 dry weight basis) are shown.
Average mercury concentration was observed in the level, 0.359± 0.063 µg g-1 in these samples. The
highest concentration (0.40-0.65)±0.108 µg g-1 is found in Glossogobius giuris and the lowest, (0.22-
-1
0.28)±0.026µg g in Cirrhinus cirrhous . It is observed that the level of Hg in fishes of fresh water origin is
much lower than that in other countries. A relationship between the amount of mercury (µg g-1) and the
number of fishes is shown in Figure 1.
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Table 1.Mercury concentration in some commonly consumed fresh water fish of Bangladesh and their
comparison with those available in West Bengal (India) (µg g-1 dry weight basis)
Type of fish(Local Scientific names Mercury Mean Mercury
Sl.No. Names (Bangladesh) (West Bengal,
In Bangladesh) India)**
1 Clown knifefish Chitala chitala (0.35-0.40) 0.392 0.32-0.42
(Chital) ±0.0600
2 Mrigal Cirrhinus cirrhous (0.22-0.28) 0.250 0.18-0.24
(Mrigal) ±0.026
3 Grass carp Ctenophryngodon (0.35-0.48) 0.407 0.32-0.47
(Grass carp) idella ±0.0562
4 Banded Bachcha Colisa fasciata (0.28-0.42) 0.338 0.25-0.36
(Khailsha) ±0.054
5 Common Cyprinus carpio (0.22-0.35) 0.283 0.25-0.32
crap(Common crap) carpio ±0.056
6 Tank goby Glossogobius (0.40-0.65) 0.500 0.48-0.69
(Bele) giuris ±0.108
7 Silver crap Hypophthalmichth- (0.22-0.38) 0.293 0.19-0.32
(Silver crap) us michthys ±0.072
molitrix
8 Boggut labeo Labeo boggut (0.35-0.52) 0.438 0.32-0.45
(Ghonia) ±0.077
9 Cuchia Monopterus cuchia (0.32-0.42) 0.365 0.28-0.35
(Kuchia) ±0.044
10 Gangetic ailia Ailia coila (0.25-0.34) 0.293 0.20-0.28
(Kajuli) ±0.075
11 Organe-fin Labeo calbasu (0.38-0.45) 0.413 0.35-0.38
(Kalibaus) ±0.030
12 Spotted snakehead Channa punctala (0.22-0.46) 0.335 0.17-0.41
(Taki) ±0.101
Average: 0.359±0.063 Range: ( 0.22-0.65) µg g-1
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**Mercury in Fish : A Global Health Hazard, Mercury Policy Project, pp 1-51
ZeroMercury, February 2009 (Edward Groth III, PhD, Groth Consulting Services, Pelham, NY, USA)
___________________________________________________________________________________
Fig.1
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
Amount of Hg
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Serial of Fish
Though the liver and kidney are usual organs for major concentrations of metals but mercury is also
accumulated at higher level only in the muscle of fish [15] and in its case biomagnifications occurs
through food chain.
The permissible limit varies a little bit from country to country. One proposed by FDA (Food and Drug
Administration) of the United States is 500 ppb. The mercury level in the present investigation is much
lower than this value. The trend of increasing concentration of Hg with increases in size of fish indicates
long time of its conservation in water.
Estimation of Dietary Intake of Hg in Bangladesh
Average concentration of Hg found in the samples fish of fresh water origin is 0.359± 0.063 µg g-1 .
Assuming maximum average of fish consumption person-1 day -1 is 6-10 g dry fish for various areas of
Bangladesh, the maximum Hg intake through fish is estimated to be (2.54-3.59) µg person-1 day-1 . This
value is well below the maximum acceptable level for human being (0.5 µg g-1 wet weight) [16 – 20]
Similarly,70 g dry fish per week would result in an intake of 25.13 µg of Hg which is also below the
tolerable limit (7.0 mg kg-1 body wt.day-1 ) of an about 70 kg man as suggested by[20].
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CONCLUSION
The level of mercury reported here may be taken as a convenient baseline for determining future pollution
trends. Low Hg content observed in this study indicates that various types of fish are from pollution or
mercury contamination and come from clean environment. So there is no danger to have these fishes for a
Bangladeshi person.
Acknowledgement
The authors express thanks to Dr.K.R.Krishnamorti, Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhava Atomic
Research Center, Trombay, India, for using the method, the radiochemical separation of trace metals in
biological samples, used in that Laboratory
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