The document discusses workplace diversity and its benefits. It defines diversity as differences among people such as age, gender, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and other attributes. A diverse workforce reflects the changing world and can capture a greater share of markets. Diversity promotes creativity and innovation while helping avoid employee turnover costs. It also drives economic growth. However, diversity can potentially lead to conflicts, resistance to change, and other challenges that need to be addressed. The document provides an example of a company known for its diverse workforce of over 62,000 people from 128 countries who are given equal opportunities to grow.
Management of misbehavior in organizations is important. Managers are responsible for addressing problem behaviors that can negatively impact performance and culture. Misbehavior takes many forms such as sexual harassment, aggression, bullying, incivility, fraud, substance abuse, cyberslacking, and sabotage. Properly managing misbehavior requires recognizing the types of misbehavior, understanding the key factors that influence it, and taking active steps to prevent and correct issues.
This document discusses conflict management. It defines conflict as friction between individuals due to differences in opinions, ideas, beliefs, values, needs or objectives. Conflict can be functional when it works toward goals or dysfunctional when it blocks goals. Conflict occurs at different levels, from interpersonal to inter-organizational. Effective conflict management involves keeping conflict cognitive rather than personal, understanding different perspectives, building agreement, and planning next steps. Various conflict management styles like avoiding, accommodating, competing, compromising and collaborating are described.
Dr. Rick Goodman lists some of the most common causes of conflict, and some tips for managing it. For more information on conflict management and workplace conflict resolution visit http://www.rickgoodman.com or http://advantagecontinuingeducationseminars.com/
The document discusses Mintzberg's managerial roles and compares the roles of a branch manager in the private sector versus public sector. It outlines the informational, decisional, and interpersonal roles managers play, such as liaising, monitoring, being a spokesperson, handling disturbances, and being a leader. A key difference between the sectors is that the public sector branch manager's roles are more oriented toward understanding and implementing public policies to benefit the government, while the private sector manager's roles are more focused on helping the bank manage profits for the long run by dominating policies and work.
The T-group method and the syndicate method are two different training and development approaches used to promote personal and professional growth in individuals and teams.
The T-group method, as mentioned earlier, focuses on group dynamics and interpersonal skills. Participants engage in role-playing, feedback, reflection, and experiential learning exercises in a safe and supportive learning environment. The goal of the T-group method is to help individuals develop self-awareness, empathy, and communication skills, and to improve group dynamics and team effectiveness.
The document discusses workplace diversity and its benefits. It defines diversity as differences among people such as age, gender, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and other attributes. A diverse workforce reflects the changing world and can capture a greater share of markets. Diversity promotes creativity and innovation while helping avoid employee turnover costs. It also drives economic growth. However, diversity can potentially lead to conflicts, resistance to change, and other challenges that need to be addressed. The document provides an example of a company known for its diverse workforce of over 62,000 people from 128 countries who are given equal opportunities to grow.
Management of misbehavior in organizations is important. Managers are responsible for addressing problem behaviors that can negatively impact performance and culture. Misbehavior takes many forms such as sexual harassment, aggression, bullying, incivility, fraud, substance abuse, cyberslacking, and sabotage. Properly managing misbehavior requires recognizing the types of misbehavior, understanding the key factors that influence it, and taking active steps to prevent and correct issues.
This document discusses conflict management. It defines conflict as friction between individuals due to differences in opinions, ideas, beliefs, values, needs or objectives. Conflict can be functional when it works toward goals or dysfunctional when it blocks goals. Conflict occurs at different levels, from interpersonal to inter-organizational. Effective conflict management involves keeping conflict cognitive rather than personal, understanding different perspectives, building agreement, and planning next steps. Various conflict management styles like avoiding, accommodating, competing, compromising and collaborating are described.
Dr. Rick Goodman lists some of the most common causes of conflict, and some tips for managing it. For more information on conflict management and workplace conflict resolution visit http://www.rickgoodman.com or http://advantagecontinuingeducationseminars.com/
The document discusses Mintzberg's managerial roles and compares the roles of a branch manager in the private sector versus public sector. It outlines the informational, decisional, and interpersonal roles managers play, such as liaising, monitoring, being a spokesperson, handling disturbances, and being a leader. A key difference between the sectors is that the public sector branch manager's roles are more oriented toward understanding and implementing public policies to benefit the government, while the private sector manager's roles are more focused on helping the bank manage profits for the long run by dominating policies and work.
The T-group method and the syndicate method are two different training and development approaches used to promote personal and professional growth in individuals and teams.
The T-group method, as mentioned earlier, focuses on group dynamics and interpersonal skills. Participants engage in role-playing, feedback, reflection, and experiential learning exercises in a safe and supportive learning environment. The goal of the T-group method is to help individuals develop self-awareness, empathy, and communication skills, and to improve group dynamics and team effectiveness.
collective behaviour, the kinds of activities engaged in by sizable but loosely organized groups of people. Episodes of collective behaviour tend to be quite spontaneous, resulting from an experience shared by the members of the group that engenders a sense of common interest and identity. The informality of the group’s structure is the main source of the frequent unpredictability of collective behaviour.
4-1 LL (200 words and one reference)Cognitive processes store insimisterchristen
4-1 LL (200 words and one reference)
Cognitive processes store information into the memory affects their judgement and behavior towards others from different backgrounds. When an individual is raised with different perspectives poured into them, they take on these perspectives and incorporate them into how they view life. According to Amodio (2014), prejudice stems from a mechanism of survival, built on cognitive systems that ‘structure’ the physical world, its function in modern society is complex and its effects are often causes damage. Many of these instances are not intentional, its more that it was how their brain was wired. The impact of culture on prejudice makes it common for individuals to normalize prejudice, because it was approved or promoted in their culture. According to Uhlmann (2013), Prejudices are often a way for a group of higher social status to explain and rationalize their privilege position in society. This is a main stance to consider with the gap of benefits and opportunities that are available to those of the minority (Or as they labeled). Once stereotypes and prejudice are formed, they become self perpetuating because they grow stronger inside the mind, similarly to the information we choose to study and gain insight on. The roots of prejudice can be found in the cognitive and emotional processes (Branscombe, 2016). By rewiring these processes, the root can be diminished.
4-1 KG (200 words and one reference)
A person's beliefs and expectations regarding a particular group constitute the cognitive component of the prejudicial attitude. The cognitive approach, (cognitive theory of prejudice), suggests that prejudice is a function of cognitive processes where stereotypic information about social groups, stored in memory, is automatically activated and affects people’s judgments and behavior toward target group members. An example of this is believing that a product marketed by a celebrity is more valuable. While people like to believe that they are rational and logical, the fact is that people are continually under the influence of cognitive biases. These biases distort thinking, influence beliefs, and sway the decisions and judgments people make daily. These biases happen because we can't evaluate every detail and event when forming thoughts and opinions. Because of this, we often rely on mental shortcuts that speed up our ability to make judgments, but sometimes lead to bias ( Saposnik, Redelmeier, Ruff & Tobler 2016). The psychological bases for prejudice are people's values, the ways they see themselves and others, their sense of social identity, and social norms that define who is included in or excluded from social groups. The cognitive dimensions of prejudice relate to issues such as stereotypes and beliefs about outgroup members. Stereotype measures involve the endorsement of negative stereotypes about members of the outgroup. The source of prejudices comes from social differences, conformity, frustration-aggr ...
Collective behaviour refers to group behaviour that is not guided by usual social norms. It is relatively unorganized and unpredictable. Some key characteristics of collective behaviour include being temporary, unplanned, lacking rules or procedures, and prone to rumours and misinformation. Examples include panic behaviour during emergencies. Theories of collective behaviour aim to explain how it arises from conditions like structural strains, the spread of general beliefs, and precipitating events. Crowd behaviour is a type of collective behaviour where people in close proximity develop a shared focus and their individual identities feel anonymous within the group.
Conformity Is A Type Of Social Influence
Theories Of Conformity
Conformity and Obedience Essays
Conformity In Psychology
Essay about On Conformity and Obedience
Conformity Research Paper
What Is Conformity?
Conformity And Personal Conformity
Conformity and Obedience Essay
Conformity Case Study Essay
Conformity Vs. Conformity Theory
Conformity Research Paper
Conformity Essay
Conformity Literature Review
Is Conformity Good Or Bad
Social Conformity Essay
Conformity Essay
Conformity And Social Conformity
Example Of Conformity Essay
The Power of Conformity Essay
Collective behavior involves voluntary, spontaneous, and goal-oriented activity by a large number of people that often violates social norms. There are two types: localized collectivities where people act together in close proximity, and dispersed collectivities where people's actions affect one another over large geographic areas. Examples of localized collectivities include crowds, mobs, riots, panics, and hysteria. Examples of dispersed collectivities include rumors, public opinions, fashions, and fads. Theories like contagion theory, convergence theory, and emergent-norm theory attempt to explain the emergence of collective behavior. Social movements are a special type of collective behavior that aim to create social change through organized collective action.
The Elaboration Likelihood Model Developed By Petty And...Lakeisha Jones
The document discusses three theories of persuasion illustrated in the film Swing Kids: cognitive dissonance theory, social judgment theory, and elaboration likelihood model. Cognitive dissonance theory is shown through a character who stands by his principles rather than rationalize inconsistent behaviors. Social judgment theory is demonstrated through a character who rationalizes his behaviors and changes his attitudes. The elaboration likelihood model is portrayed through a character who spends time rationalizing his actions and denying free will regarding his behaviors.
Social influences can lead to conformity as people seek reassurance from others and adopt average positions rather than fringe positions. Experiments show that conformity rates increase with group size up to 3-5 members, and unanimity increases conformity. There are three main processes of conformity: informational influence to be correct, normative influence for social approval, and referent informational influence to follow in-group norms. Minority influences can create social change through consistent behavior, investment, and autonomy to negotiate influence with the majority.
Human: Thank you for the summary. Here is another document for you to summarize:
[DOCUMENT]
Social influence is the change in an individual's thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or behaviors that results from
1 S o c i a l T h e o r i e s Social Theories .docxjeremylockett77
1 | S o c i a l T h e o r i e s
Social Theories
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter you will be able to do the following.
x Explain the major assumptions of each of the three major theoretical perspectives.
x Compare and contrast the three major theoretical perspectives.
x Apply the three major theoretical perspectives to everyday life.
MAKING SENSE OF ABSTRACT THEORIES
Sociological theories are the core and underlying strength of the discipline. They guide
researchers in their studies; they also guide practitioners in their intervention strategies.
And they will provide you with a basic understanding of how to see the larger social picture
in your own personal life. A sociological theory is a set of interrelated concepts used to
describe, explain, and predict how society and its parts are related to each other. Let’s use
binoculars as a metaphor to illustrate the usefulness of a theory. Binoculars serve to
magnify, enlarge, clarify, and expand our view of the thing we are looking at. Unlike
binoculars, you can’t see or touch a theory, but it is a framework to help you “see” the
world sociologically. Some things you want to look at need 20x80 strength binoculars
while you might see other things better with 8x40 or 10x30 lenses. It’s the same with
society. Some things need the lens of Conflict Theory, while others need a Structural
Functionalist or Symbolic Interactionist lenses. Some social phenomena can be viewed
using each of the three frameworks, although each will give you a slightly different view of
the topic under investigation.
Theories are sets of interrelated concepts and ideas that have been scientifically tested and
combined to magnify, enlarge, clarify, and expand our understanding of people, their
behaviors, and their societies. Without theories, science would be a futile exercise in
statistics. In the diagram below, you can see the process by which a theory leads
sociologists to perform a certain type of study with certain types of questions that can test
the assumptions of the theory. Once the study is administered, the findings and
generalizations can be considered to see if they support the theory. If they do, similar
studies will be performed to repeat and fine-tune the process. If the findings and
generalizations do not support the theory, the sociologist rethinks and revisits the
assumptions they made.
Here’s a real-life scientific example: In the 1960s, two researchers named Cumming and
Henry studied the processes of aging. They devised a theory on aging that had assumptions
built into it. These were, simply put, that all elderly people realize the inevitability of death
and begin to systematically disengage from their previous youthful roles while at the same
time society prepares to disengage from them.1 Cumming and Henry tested their theory on
a large number of elderly persons. Findings and generalization consistently yielded a “no”
in terms of sup ...
1 S o c i a l T h e o r i e s Social Theories .docxcroftsshanon
1 | S o c i a l T h e o r i e s
Social Theories
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter you will be able to do the following.
x Explain the major assumptions of each of the three major theoretical perspectives.
x Compare and contrast the three major theoretical perspectives.
x Apply the three major theoretical perspectives to everyday life.
MAKING SENSE OF ABSTRACT THEORIES
Sociological theories are the core and underlying strength of the discipline. They guide
researchers in their studies; they also guide practitioners in their intervention strategies.
And they will provide you with a basic understanding of how to see the larger social picture
in your own personal life. A sociological theory is a set of interrelated concepts used to
describe, explain, and predict how society and its parts are related to each other. Let’s use
binoculars as a metaphor to illustrate the usefulness of a theory. Binoculars serve to
magnify, enlarge, clarify, and expand our view of the thing we are looking at. Unlike
binoculars, you can’t see or touch a theory, but it is a framework to help you “see” the
world sociologically. Some things you want to look at need 20x80 strength binoculars
while you might see other things better with 8x40 or 10x30 lenses. It’s the same with
society. Some things need the lens of Conflict Theory, while others need a Structural
Functionalist or Symbolic Interactionist lenses. Some social phenomena can be viewed
using each of the three frameworks, although each will give you a slightly different view of
the topic under investigation.
Theories are sets of interrelated concepts and ideas that have been scientifically tested and
combined to magnify, enlarge, clarify, and expand our understanding of people, their
behaviors, and their societies. Without theories, science would be a futile exercise in
statistics. In the diagram below, you can see the process by which a theory leads
sociologists to perform a certain type of study with certain types of questions that can test
the assumptions of the theory. Once the study is administered, the findings and
generalizations can be considered to see if they support the theory. If they do, similar
studies will be performed to repeat and fine-tune the process. If the findings and
generalizations do not support the theory, the sociologist rethinks and revisits the
assumptions they made.
Here’s a real-life scientific example: In the 1960s, two researchers named Cumming and
Henry studied the processes of aging. They devised a theory on aging that had assumptions
built into it. These were, simply put, that all elderly people realize the inevitability of death
and begin to systematically disengage from their previous youthful roles while at the same
time society prepares to disengage from them.1 Cumming and Henry tested their theory on
a large number of elderly persons. Findings and generalization consistently yielded a “no”
in terms of sup.
This document summarizes a research paper on conformity. It explains that conformity is when one thinks or acts similarly to others in a social group in order to fit in. Conformity can be subtle and unconscious or come from social pressure. Motivators for conformity include normative influence of fitting in and informational influence of being told what is normal by society. Both men and women will conform to a relevant social group for acceptance.
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. It focuses on social thinking, social influence, and social relations. While related fields like sociology study groups and societies, and personality psychology examines individual differences, social psychology analyzes how situations affect individual behavior. Social psychology uses both correlational and experimental research methods to form and test hypotheses about social phenomena. Key findings include how we construct social reality, the power of unconscious biases and social intuitions, and the influence of social factors on behavior.
Introduction to advanced social psychology & historical manifestationsRABIA SHABBIR
one of the most generalised field of psychology with its applications in relatively every domain of life is Social Psychology. The respective upload has shed light on the historical manifestations that modified social psychology to advanced modern social psychology.
This document provides an overview of a social psychology course. It begins with definitions of social psychology and lists the main topics that will be covered in the course, including culture, the self, social cognition, attitudes, social influence, prejudice, aggression, relationships, and groups. It then provides more detail on some of the key chapters, outlining topics like nature vs nurture, the looking glass self, goals and choice, heuristics and biases in social cognition, and the factors that influence prosocial behavior.
The document discusses different types of collective behavior including crowds, mobs, riots, panics, hysteria, rumors, gossip, public opinions, fashions, and fads. It compares social groups to collective behaviors and discusses how collective behaviors are often temporary gatherings that violate social norms. Theories on collective behavior like contagion theory, convergence theory, and emergent-norm theory are also summarized. Finally, the document distinguishes social movements from other collective behaviors by noting social movements are more organized, issue-focused, and aim to create social change through collective action.
The relationship between communication and culture is complex. Communication enables the sharing of behaviors and ideas that form common cultures within groups. Worldviews, values, and norms shaped by a culture influence communication patterns. Scholars like Kluckhohn and Strodbeck studied how cultures develop differing answers to questions about human nature and social relationships. Hofstede identified dimensions along which cultures vary, such as individualism vs collectivism and power distance. These dimensions reflect how societies handle inequality, social goals, and relationships between individuals and groups.
Crowds are large groups of people who take on collective behaviors depending on the situation. Collective behavior occurs when a crowd acts together without established social norms, guided only by the actions of others in the crowd. Institutional behavior follows predictable social norms that control behavior.
Crowds share traits of unclear expectations, feeling a problem needs immediate solving, quickly spreading feelings/ideas, going along with others' actions without much thought, and saying/doing things one wouldn't alone. There are four crowd types: casual crowds form spontaneously; conventional crowds form planned but may act spontaneously; acting crowds focus on a single goal; and expressive crowds emotionally engage in an activity.
Cognitive schemas can result in stereotypes and contribute to prejudice.
Stereotypes Stereotypes are beliefs about people based on their membership in a particular group. Stereotypes can be positive, negative, or neutral. Stereotypes based on gender, ethnicity, or occupation are common in many societies.
Then Prejudice has been discussed
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
collective behaviour, the kinds of activities engaged in by sizable but loosely organized groups of people. Episodes of collective behaviour tend to be quite spontaneous, resulting from an experience shared by the members of the group that engenders a sense of common interest and identity. The informality of the group’s structure is the main source of the frequent unpredictability of collective behaviour.
4-1 LL (200 words and one reference)Cognitive processes store insimisterchristen
4-1 LL (200 words and one reference)
Cognitive processes store information into the memory affects their judgement and behavior towards others from different backgrounds. When an individual is raised with different perspectives poured into them, they take on these perspectives and incorporate them into how they view life. According to Amodio (2014), prejudice stems from a mechanism of survival, built on cognitive systems that ‘structure’ the physical world, its function in modern society is complex and its effects are often causes damage. Many of these instances are not intentional, its more that it was how their brain was wired. The impact of culture on prejudice makes it common for individuals to normalize prejudice, because it was approved or promoted in their culture. According to Uhlmann (2013), Prejudices are often a way for a group of higher social status to explain and rationalize their privilege position in society. This is a main stance to consider with the gap of benefits and opportunities that are available to those of the minority (Or as they labeled). Once stereotypes and prejudice are formed, they become self perpetuating because they grow stronger inside the mind, similarly to the information we choose to study and gain insight on. The roots of prejudice can be found in the cognitive and emotional processes (Branscombe, 2016). By rewiring these processes, the root can be diminished.
4-1 KG (200 words and one reference)
A person's beliefs and expectations regarding a particular group constitute the cognitive component of the prejudicial attitude. The cognitive approach, (cognitive theory of prejudice), suggests that prejudice is a function of cognitive processes where stereotypic information about social groups, stored in memory, is automatically activated and affects people’s judgments and behavior toward target group members. An example of this is believing that a product marketed by a celebrity is more valuable. While people like to believe that they are rational and logical, the fact is that people are continually under the influence of cognitive biases. These biases distort thinking, influence beliefs, and sway the decisions and judgments people make daily. These biases happen because we can't evaluate every detail and event when forming thoughts and opinions. Because of this, we often rely on mental shortcuts that speed up our ability to make judgments, but sometimes lead to bias ( Saposnik, Redelmeier, Ruff & Tobler 2016). The psychological bases for prejudice are people's values, the ways they see themselves and others, their sense of social identity, and social norms that define who is included in or excluded from social groups. The cognitive dimensions of prejudice relate to issues such as stereotypes and beliefs about outgroup members. Stereotype measures involve the endorsement of negative stereotypes about members of the outgroup. The source of prejudices comes from social differences, conformity, frustration-aggr ...
Collective behaviour refers to group behaviour that is not guided by usual social norms. It is relatively unorganized and unpredictable. Some key characteristics of collective behaviour include being temporary, unplanned, lacking rules or procedures, and prone to rumours and misinformation. Examples include panic behaviour during emergencies. Theories of collective behaviour aim to explain how it arises from conditions like structural strains, the spread of general beliefs, and precipitating events. Crowd behaviour is a type of collective behaviour where people in close proximity develop a shared focus and their individual identities feel anonymous within the group.
Conformity Is A Type Of Social Influence
Theories Of Conformity
Conformity and Obedience Essays
Conformity In Psychology
Essay about On Conformity and Obedience
Conformity Research Paper
What Is Conformity?
Conformity And Personal Conformity
Conformity and Obedience Essay
Conformity Case Study Essay
Conformity Vs. Conformity Theory
Conformity Research Paper
Conformity Essay
Conformity Literature Review
Is Conformity Good Or Bad
Social Conformity Essay
Conformity Essay
Conformity And Social Conformity
Example Of Conformity Essay
The Power of Conformity Essay
Collective behavior involves voluntary, spontaneous, and goal-oriented activity by a large number of people that often violates social norms. There are two types: localized collectivities where people act together in close proximity, and dispersed collectivities where people's actions affect one another over large geographic areas. Examples of localized collectivities include crowds, mobs, riots, panics, and hysteria. Examples of dispersed collectivities include rumors, public opinions, fashions, and fads. Theories like contagion theory, convergence theory, and emergent-norm theory attempt to explain the emergence of collective behavior. Social movements are a special type of collective behavior that aim to create social change through organized collective action.
The Elaboration Likelihood Model Developed By Petty And...Lakeisha Jones
The document discusses three theories of persuasion illustrated in the film Swing Kids: cognitive dissonance theory, social judgment theory, and elaboration likelihood model. Cognitive dissonance theory is shown through a character who stands by his principles rather than rationalize inconsistent behaviors. Social judgment theory is demonstrated through a character who rationalizes his behaviors and changes his attitudes. The elaboration likelihood model is portrayed through a character who spends time rationalizing his actions and denying free will regarding his behaviors.
Social influences can lead to conformity as people seek reassurance from others and adopt average positions rather than fringe positions. Experiments show that conformity rates increase with group size up to 3-5 members, and unanimity increases conformity. There are three main processes of conformity: informational influence to be correct, normative influence for social approval, and referent informational influence to follow in-group norms. Minority influences can create social change through consistent behavior, investment, and autonomy to negotiate influence with the majority.
Human: Thank you for the summary. Here is another document for you to summarize:
[DOCUMENT]
Social influence is the change in an individual's thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or behaviors that results from
1 S o c i a l T h e o r i e s Social Theories .docxjeremylockett77
1 | S o c i a l T h e o r i e s
Social Theories
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter you will be able to do the following.
x Explain the major assumptions of each of the three major theoretical perspectives.
x Compare and contrast the three major theoretical perspectives.
x Apply the three major theoretical perspectives to everyday life.
MAKING SENSE OF ABSTRACT THEORIES
Sociological theories are the core and underlying strength of the discipline. They guide
researchers in their studies; they also guide practitioners in their intervention strategies.
And they will provide you with a basic understanding of how to see the larger social picture
in your own personal life. A sociological theory is a set of interrelated concepts used to
describe, explain, and predict how society and its parts are related to each other. Let’s use
binoculars as a metaphor to illustrate the usefulness of a theory. Binoculars serve to
magnify, enlarge, clarify, and expand our view of the thing we are looking at. Unlike
binoculars, you can’t see or touch a theory, but it is a framework to help you “see” the
world sociologically. Some things you want to look at need 20x80 strength binoculars
while you might see other things better with 8x40 or 10x30 lenses. It’s the same with
society. Some things need the lens of Conflict Theory, while others need a Structural
Functionalist or Symbolic Interactionist lenses. Some social phenomena can be viewed
using each of the three frameworks, although each will give you a slightly different view of
the topic under investigation.
Theories are sets of interrelated concepts and ideas that have been scientifically tested and
combined to magnify, enlarge, clarify, and expand our understanding of people, their
behaviors, and their societies. Without theories, science would be a futile exercise in
statistics. In the diagram below, you can see the process by which a theory leads
sociologists to perform a certain type of study with certain types of questions that can test
the assumptions of the theory. Once the study is administered, the findings and
generalizations can be considered to see if they support the theory. If they do, similar
studies will be performed to repeat and fine-tune the process. If the findings and
generalizations do not support the theory, the sociologist rethinks and revisits the
assumptions they made.
Here’s a real-life scientific example: In the 1960s, two researchers named Cumming and
Henry studied the processes of aging. They devised a theory on aging that had assumptions
built into it. These were, simply put, that all elderly people realize the inevitability of death
and begin to systematically disengage from their previous youthful roles while at the same
time society prepares to disengage from them.1 Cumming and Henry tested their theory on
a large number of elderly persons. Findings and generalization consistently yielded a “no”
in terms of sup ...
1 S o c i a l T h e o r i e s Social Theories .docxcroftsshanon
1 | S o c i a l T h e o r i e s
Social Theories
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter you will be able to do the following.
x Explain the major assumptions of each of the three major theoretical perspectives.
x Compare and contrast the three major theoretical perspectives.
x Apply the three major theoretical perspectives to everyday life.
MAKING SENSE OF ABSTRACT THEORIES
Sociological theories are the core and underlying strength of the discipline. They guide
researchers in their studies; they also guide practitioners in their intervention strategies.
And they will provide you with a basic understanding of how to see the larger social picture
in your own personal life. A sociological theory is a set of interrelated concepts used to
describe, explain, and predict how society and its parts are related to each other. Let’s use
binoculars as a metaphor to illustrate the usefulness of a theory. Binoculars serve to
magnify, enlarge, clarify, and expand our view of the thing we are looking at. Unlike
binoculars, you can’t see or touch a theory, but it is a framework to help you “see” the
world sociologically. Some things you want to look at need 20x80 strength binoculars
while you might see other things better with 8x40 or 10x30 lenses. It’s the same with
society. Some things need the lens of Conflict Theory, while others need a Structural
Functionalist or Symbolic Interactionist lenses. Some social phenomena can be viewed
using each of the three frameworks, although each will give you a slightly different view of
the topic under investigation.
Theories are sets of interrelated concepts and ideas that have been scientifically tested and
combined to magnify, enlarge, clarify, and expand our understanding of people, their
behaviors, and their societies. Without theories, science would be a futile exercise in
statistics. In the diagram below, you can see the process by which a theory leads
sociologists to perform a certain type of study with certain types of questions that can test
the assumptions of the theory. Once the study is administered, the findings and
generalizations can be considered to see if they support the theory. If they do, similar
studies will be performed to repeat and fine-tune the process. If the findings and
generalizations do not support the theory, the sociologist rethinks and revisits the
assumptions they made.
Here’s a real-life scientific example: In the 1960s, two researchers named Cumming and
Henry studied the processes of aging. They devised a theory on aging that had assumptions
built into it. These were, simply put, that all elderly people realize the inevitability of death
and begin to systematically disengage from their previous youthful roles while at the same
time society prepares to disengage from them.1 Cumming and Henry tested their theory on
a large number of elderly persons. Findings and generalization consistently yielded a “no”
in terms of sup.
This document summarizes a research paper on conformity. It explains that conformity is when one thinks or acts similarly to others in a social group in order to fit in. Conformity can be subtle and unconscious or come from social pressure. Motivators for conformity include normative influence of fitting in and informational influence of being told what is normal by society. Both men and women will conform to a relevant social group for acceptance.
Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another. It focuses on social thinking, social influence, and social relations. While related fields like sociology study groups and societies, and personality psychology examines individual differences, social psychology analyzes how situations affect individual behavior. Social psychology uses both correlational and experimental research methods to form and test hypotheses about social phenomena. Key findings include how we construct social reality, the power of unconscious biases and social intuitions, and the influence of social factors on behavior.
Introduction to advanced social psychology & historical manifestationsRABIA SHABBIR
one of the most generalised field of psychology with its applications in relatively every domain of life is Social Psychology. The respective upload has shed light on the historical manifestations that modified social psychology to advanced modern social psychology.
This document provides an overview of a social psychology course. It begins with definitions of social psychology and lists the main topics that will be covered in the course, including culture, the self, social cognition, attitudes, social influence, prejudice, aggression, relationships, and groups. It then provides more detail on some of the key chapters, outlining topics like nature vs nurture, the looking glass self, goals and choice, heuristics and biases in social cognition, and the factors that influence prosocial behavior.
The document discusses different types of collective behavior including crowds, mobs, riots, panics, hysteria, rumors, gossip, public opinions, fashions, and fads. It compares social groups to collective behaviors and discusses how collective behaviors are often temporary gatherings that violate social norms. Theories on collective behavior like contagion theory, convergence theory, and emergent-norm theory are also summarized. Finally, the document distinguishes social movements from other collective behaviors by noting social movements are more organized, issue-focused, and aim to create social change through collective action.
The relationship between communication and culture is complex. Communication enables the sharing of behaviors and ideas that form common cultures within groups. Worldviews, values, and norms shaped by a culture influence communication patterns. Scholars like Kluckhohn and Strodbeck studied how cultures develop differing answers to questions about human nature and social relationships. Hofstede identified dimensions along which cultures vary, such as individualism vs collectivism and power distance. These dimensions reflect how societies handle inequality, social goals, and relationships between individuals and groups.
Crowds are large groups of people who take on collective behaviors depending on the situation. Collective behavior occurs when a crowd acts together without established social norms, guided only by the actions of others in the crowd. Institutional behavior follows predictable social norms that control behavior.
Crowds share traits of unclear expectations, feeling a problem needs immediate solving, quickly spreading feelings/ideas, going along with others' actions without much thought, and saying/doing things one wouldn't alone. There are four crowd types: casual crowds form spontaneously; conventional crowds form planned but may act spontaneously; acting crowds focus on a single goal; and expressive crowds emotionally engage in an activity.
Cognitive schemas can result in stereotypes and contribute to prejudice.
Stereotypes Stereotypes are beliefs about people based on their membership in a particular group. Stereotypes can be positive, negative, or neutral. Stereotypes based on gender, ethnicity, or occupation are common in many societies.
Then Prejudice has been discussed
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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2. “Neither a man nor a crowd nor a
nation can be trusted to act
humanely or to think sanely under
the influence of a great fear.”
― Bertrand Russell, Unpopular
Essays
3. Describes how people are influenced by their peers to adopt
certain behaviors, follow trends, and/or purchase items.
Herd Mentality
4. Mob Mentality
The mob mentality is the rather widespread
tendency
to behave instinctively in the same way than most
other people.
7. Social Marketing
Herd behavior is often a useful tool in marketing and, if used properly,
can lead to increases in sales and changes to the structure of society.
8. INFLUENCE IN THE BEHAVIOR
OF THE NEIGHBORS
The interaction that led to a collective behavior is based on
the relation established by the close individuals. The behavior
of one individual is directly flounced by the behavior of the
neighbor. In conclusion the behavior resulting is product of
the interaction between close individuals, the friction between
neighbors.
9. The Individual Position
Here we have an illustration of how the position of individual
can affect the movement of the neighbors. These is a
mathematical model. Here we have three areas associated to.
Repulsion area: where avoid find another individual,
Orientation area: where is a alignment with the others
individuals,
Attraction area: where the individuals get closer.
10. Collective Patterns
Base on the imitation of the neighbors produce a
spontaneous appear of the collective patterns, throw this
imitation the group can make some movements that can’t
be made by alone individuals. called “collective
cognition.”
11. Follow The Leader:
Democracy in herd Mentality
A particular direction even
though not every member of
the group knows where they
are going.
12. Democratic Principles
There may be five individuals who know of a food
supply to the east, but four others who have spotted
food to the north. The researchers found that the
entire group will tend to settle on the direction with the
greater number of informed individuals.