Herbal_Medicine_A_Benign_and_Conventiona.pdf

Herbal Medicine – A Benign and Conventional
Medical System
Dr.Suresh Kumar Agarwal
Dr Aruna Kumari Nakkella
Dr. Sandeep Rout
Immortal publications
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ISBN: 978-93-5445-167-6
Year of Publication: February 2021
Printed at: Renu Graphics
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Published by
Dr Aruna Kumari Nakkella
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The author(s) are responsible for their contributed research papers / articles regarding
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by the editors, so the quality of the language of papers is under the authors
responsibility.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - III
I express my deep sense of gratitude and utmost regards to Prof. (Dr) Sashikala Beura, Professor and
Head, Dept. of Floriculture and Landscaping, OAUT, Bhubaneswar.
I record my heartfelt thankfulness and indebtedness to Dr. Neelam Khare, Associate Professor, College
of Forestry, SHUATS, Prayagraj my Ph.D. Advisor and Dr. Saswat Nayak, Assistant Professor, College
of Forestry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar my M.Sc. Advisor for constant support.
I convey my sincere thanks to Prof. S. Kumaraswamy, Dean, Faculty of Agriculture Sri Sri University,
Cuttack, Odisha, All teaching and Non teaching staff of the faculty for their cooperativeness to get an
excellent work environment.
My special thanks to Dr. Aruna Kumari Nakkella, Assistant Principal, College of Engineering, Dr.
B.R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam for her constant support and guidance
My utmost thanks to Mr. T. Kranti Kumar, CEO, Immortal Publication for his untired effort to make it
possible my dream to ne realistic with this publication.
I extend my heartfelt thanks to all authors, well wishers who directly and indirectly lent their helping
hand in successful completion of this endeavor.
Dr. Sandeep Rout

CONTENTS
S.No Title of the Article Page No.s
1 Confronting COVID-19 by Phytochemicals- a Promising Approach
Rahul Sen, Ananta Madhab Baruah, Partha Mondal, Heena Rani,
Arunav Khound
1 – 18
2 Nutritive Value in Carambola (Averrhoa carambola Linn.) as
Influenced by Maturity stages and Various Post Harvest Treatments
Shahida Choudhury, Utpal Kotoky
19 – 27
3 Assessment of Consumption Method of Kulekhara (Hygrophila
auriculata) to Fight Against Nutritional Anemia Among Farm
Women
Anjali Sharma
28 – 34
4 Indian Herbal Formulations Used For Diabetes
Dharmasoth Rama Devi, Keloth Basavaiah
35 - 49
5 Assessment of Nutritional Value of Wild Fruit Prinsepia utilis Royle-
Unexploited Shrub as a Potential Source of Alternative Nutrition
Prabal Kumar, Sanjay Singh, Ivan Wilson, Tabassum Ansari,
Amit Kumar
50 – 60
6 Medicinal Solanum Species: A Short Review
Aditya Pratap Singh, Alemmoa R Jamir
61 - 67
7 Antidiabetic Agents Produced From Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Sofia Khanam
68 - 79
8 Phytochemicals - A Potential Natural Alternate for Chemotherapy
Kush Chopra
80 - 102
9 Potential of Herbal Medicines Against COVID-19
Javed Ahamad Khan
103 - 110
10 TULSI: An Effective Medicinal Plant
Sameer Mohapatro
111 – 114
11 Review on Medicinal Properties on Macrofungi
Samprita Mishra, Antara Majee, Priya Sarkar, Sourav Gorai,
Subrata Raha
115 - 128
12 Plants Based Immunomodulation: An Emerging Therapy for Future
Medical System
Sourav Gorai, Subrata Raha
129 - 151
13 Genetic Improvement of Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba L.)
Dr. Ravi. C S, Daravath Divyabharathi, Nagaraja, N.R,
P.Srinivas
152 - 162

14 Phytochemicals:- The Alternative Drugs
Aman Prakash
163 - 168
15 Action of Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain) essential oil on human
mycotic diseases
Piyush Mishra
169 - 175
16 Herbal Medicine – A Benign and Conventional Medical systems
G.Jyothi, M. Sai Siddhardh, B.V.S. Praveen, M. Sunitha Reddy,
K. Naveen Babu, Vishnnu Pulavarthy.
176 - 186
17 Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)-Super food, Agro Techniques and Value
addition.
K. Ramesh, K.B. Suneetha Devi, K. Srinivas
187 - 198
18 Effect of Pyrethrum on Human Health and Environment
Monika Patel
199 – 207
19 Scenario of Neem as A Medicinal Plant
Ravi. C S., Daravath Divyabharathi
208 - 221
20 Organic Nutrient Management in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
S.Anuja
222 - 230
21 In Vitro Conservation and Cryopreservation of Medicinal and
Aromatic plants
Shashikala S Kolakar, Sadashiv Nadukeri
231 - 240
22 Multi Vitamin Plant- Sauropus Androgynus
P. Jayasree
241 - 243
23 Treatise on Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina L.)
Anindita Roy
244 - 251
24 Herbal Medicines Used By Local Inhabitants of Gadchiroli District of
Maharastra
Prashant Shankar Jakhi
252 – 266
25 Benefits of Guava Leaves on Oral Health A Review
Dr. Manju. J
267 - 273
26 Pharmacologicalactivities of LAWSONIA INERMIS- A REVIEW
Syeda Nishat Fathima
274 - 286
27 Noni: A Fruit of therapeutic use
P.Tanuja
287 - 292
28 Medicinal Plant; King of Bitters
Ruth Elizabeth Ekka
293 - 299

29 Weath of Natural Reseources and Their Conservation in Sacred
Forests of Kumaun Himalaya Uttarakhand
Brij M Upreti, Pooja Singh
300 - 308
30 Advanced Production Techniques of Senna
Dr. A.D. Ashok, J. Ravivarman
309 - 315

Published By: Immortal publications
ISBN : 978-93-5445-167-6 Title of the Book
Medical System
253 Responsibility of contents of this paper rests upon the authors and not upon the Editor & Publisher.
Herbal Medicines Used By Local Inhabitants of Gadchiroli District of Maharastra
Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Nagpur-440001, India
Email: jakhips@gmail.com, ORCID Id- 0000-0001-6183-5915
Article Info
Article History
Received : 20 – 12 - 2020
Revised : 29 – 12 - 2020
Accepted : 15 – 01 - 2021
Abstract:
Gadchiroli is tribal north east district of Maharashtra. Most of
area of district is forest dominated and shows large number of
plants, which are used by local people as source of medicine to
cure various diseases. As per studies from Gadchiroli district
120 plus plants recorded which are used for curing various
diseases.The present study has immense importance as it
restores and documents the knowledge of local people, which
seems to be on the risk of extinction,particularly during this era
where modern medicine facilities are used by people and also
knowledgeable persons are reluctant to share and disclose their
valuable knowledge. Now-a-days a very less people are found
with such knowledge. Most of the rural population in study area
depends on the biological resources for their livelihood. These
resources are used as fuel wood, fodder, timber, food, fiber, raw
materials for domestic articles and medicine.
Keywords- Medicinal plants, Gadchiroli district, Herbal drugs,
knowledgeable persons, Naxal affected area, Maharashtra
Contact Author
Department of Botany, Institute of
Science, Nagpur-440001, India
ORCID Id- 0000-0001-6183-5915
Introduction
Every moment of human life is associated directly or indirectly with plants. Large population of India is
settled in the vicinity of the forest. Most of rural population consists of bare foot peoples and they are
dependent on surrounding flora and fauna to fulfill their routinerequirements. People living in nearby
areasof forest always depend on forest florafor fulfilling their basic requirements and hence they have
close association with local plants. Large number of plants associated with cultural, spiritual,
environmental and holy aspects of human life. Most of the plants are associated with needsof the local
people and hence major population of a country living near the area of forest has good knowledge
regarding utilization of plants for fulfilling their requirements. Most of the plants are associated with

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daily activities of the local population and hence residents of local area have a good deal of knowledge
regarding surrounding and various values of plants for human utilization.
The last century has seen several important developments with respect to use of various
herbalmedicines. The most significant of these development is the introduction of a new regulatory
framework for traditional herbal medicines in the UK and the 27 other member states of the European
Union (EU). Several other countries worldwide have introduced new legislation to regulate herbal
medicinal products. Australia and Canada,are particularly active in this respect.
The word “herb” has been derived from the Latin word, “herba” and an old French
word “herbe”. Now a day, herb refers to any part of the plant like fruit, seed, stem, bark, flower, leaf,
stigma or a root, as well as a non-woody plant. Earlier, the term “herb” was only applied to non-woody
plants, including those that come from trees and shrubs. These medicinal plants are also used as food,
fodder, medicine or perfume and also in certain spiritual and ritual functions.
In India, many forms of alternative medicines are available for those who do not want
conventional medicine or who cannot be helped by conventional medicine. Ayurveda and Kabiraji
(herbal medicine) are two important forms of alternative medicine widely available in India. Existance of
herbal forms of medicine is believed to be existed in India fromthousands of years. It employs various
techniques and things to provide relief to the patients. Acharya, VaidyaNathShastri (2003) has published
literature on Atherva Veda with the scripts in the Atharva Veda which includes evidence of a traditional
use of medicinal plants since 3000 plus years old.
The Indian systems of treatment to cure various diseases lay adequate stress on balanced diet
and on inclusion of specific items in food to provide immunity against diseases. Also, number of plants
products with medicinal properties forms constituents of food. Even common spices like capsicum,
garlic, turmeric, onion, ginger, black pepper, cinnamon and curry leaf are being found to have medicinal
properties and found to protect various health problems and to cure certain diseases in major population.
Tamarind is used as spice in preparation of curries, chutneys and sauces. Its unripe fruit is used for
seasoning of food. Its pulp is rich in iron, calcium, potassium, phosphorous, riboflavin, thiamine, niacin,
carbohydrates, fiber, invert sugar etc. Vitamin C is present in enough quantity in green fruits. Amlais

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used as such or for ‘Chutney’, ‘Pickle’ and ‘Murambba’. ‘CharakaSamhita’ records it as the most potent
rejuvenating agent. Modern studies have proved that amla is veryrich in vitamin C and Pectin, containing
more than 150 times vitamin C compared to apple. Amlais an effective anti-ageing agent,it replaces worn
out tissues with new ones. Contribution made by the ancientsystems of medicines and folk traditions has
been acknowledged by the World Health Organization.
A few year ago, the World Health Organization issued an appeal to ‘save plants to save lives’
this is because of realization that to achieve the goal of ‘health for all’. There is need for global
movement for conservation of medicinal plants and revitalization of native health traditions of local
communities. Such health traditions are based on results of centuries of observation, selection and
experimentation. Thus they constitute accumulated pool of medicinal wisdom, based on the dictum ‘an
ounce of practice is worths tons of theories’. Unfortunately, such invaluable knowledge and experience
are increasingly coming under the categories of ‘dying wisdom’. Such information of medicinal plants
along with photographs is self-explanatory and will help to promote interest and understanding of this
wonderfulgift of nature. While there is growing appreciation for the importance of medicinal plants but
most of the medicinal plants are now becoming rare due to unplannedexploitation and habitat
destruction.
India is supposed to be abodeof medicinal plants. This herbal treasure of nation is rich in its
floristic wealth. From ancient time, exploitation of plants continues till recent periodfor the benefit of the
local inhabitants. Spreadingof this ethnic knowledge regarding plant use is only through oral means
(Jain, 1967). Disease and disorders are a part and parcel of life. Since ancient time man has been looking
for usefuldrug resources of plant origin to overcome various disorders and diseasesand to achieve mental
peacewhich is an important aspect of life (Anonymus, 1976; Jain, 1991; Minmh, 1996; Singh and
Gautam, 1997; Chandel, et. al., 1997; Khan, 2002).
Indigenous knowledge base is very rich. Along with the erosion of biodiversity, the knowledge
about the same is eroding very rapidly (Kennith, 2000). Some of the causesbehind this erosion are
alienation of new generation from the poor documentation, lack of empirical validation and poor
standardization. Hence, there is need to document and protect indigenous knowledge base, as no earlier
such attempts have been made for exploration and documentation of plants from this study area, hence

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the present study is undertaken. The present investigation entitled “HERBAL MEDICINES USED BY
LOCAL INHABITANTS OF GADCHIROLI DISTRICT FROMMAHARASTRA.”is the task to
investigate the existing traditional knowledge of local community, forest villagers inhabiting in the areas
of district Gadchiroli of Maharashtra State.
Review of Literaure:-In Maharashtra contribution to the field of ethno-botany and medicinal
plants done by several workers like Patilet. al. (2006) studied ethnobotany of Buteamonosperma
from North Maharashtra. Heda and Kulkarni (2009) studied fish stupefying plants used by Gond
Tribe from MendhaLekha village of Gadchiroli district. Patilet. al. (2009) mentioned traditional
uses of plants for wound healing from Sangli District. Gupta et. al. (2010) has worked on
ethnomedicinal plants. Phanikumar and Chaturvedi (2010) published a work on ethnobotanical
observations of Euphorbiaceae from Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Mujawar (2012) worked on
Ethnobotany from Sangli District of Maharashtra. Patil and Bhuktar (2012) have given information
about ethnomedicinal plants from Jalgaon District of Maharashtra. Bokhadet. al. (2013) given
information on Farm Hedges Hotspots for Medicinal Plants.Sadale and Karadge (2013) have
illustrated survey of ethnobotanical plants from AjaraTahsil of Kolhapur District. Ethnobotanical
study of Kani tribes in Thodu hills of Kerala, South India was carried out by Senthilkumar (2014).
Jakhi and Kalkar 2012; 2012a; 2013; has also studied medicinal values of plants from vidarbha
region.
Use of plants as a medicine has been an ancient practice and is an important component of the
health care system in India. In the Indian systems of medicine, most practitioners prepareand dispense
their own recipes; hence such studies require proper documentation and research. In western countries
also the use of herbal medicines is growing with approximately 40 per cent of population reporting use of
herb to treat medical diseases within the past year. General Public, academic and government interest in
traditional medicines is growing rapidly due to the increase side effects of the adverse drug reactions and
cost factor of the modern system of medicine.
The study area selected for this study is Made Tukum block of Kharpundi village from Tahsil
and District Gadchiroli. District is located on the North-Eastern side of the State of Maharashtra. It is
situated between 18.43` to 21.50' North latitude and 79.45' to 80.53' East longitude and this essentially

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indicates the Gadchiroli district is located in the Deccan Plateau. The adjoining districts to Gadchiroli are
Durg, Rajnandgaon of Chhattisgarh State on the east, Chandrapur on the west, Bhandara on the north and
Karim Nagar, Adilabad of Andra Pradesh and Jagdalpur (Chhattisgarh State) on the South.
The District Head-quarter place is situated at 180 Kms away from Nagpur and 80 Kms away
from Chandrapur and 200 Km from Bhandara. This district is famous for wild and cultivated Bamboo
and Tendu leaves. Geographically Gadchirolidistrict is surrounded on West, South and East by the
Wainganga, Godawari and Indrawati rivers respectively.The main languages spoken are Marathi, Hindi,
Bengali, Gondi, Madiya and Telugu. Gadchiroli District is one of the biggest in Maharashtra of area
wise. It is surrounded by a teak forest. People live traditionally here; they celebrate festivals such as
Diwali, Dasra, Durgapuja, and Holi. Area is green during the monsoon season.
Physiography of Gadchiroli:-
District is situated on the North-Eastern areaof Maharashtra State & is well known for Naxalite
activities.Area has borders of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Chhattisgarh. Geographically,
VaingangaKhore is one of the particular area in this district. Gadchiroli, Armori, Chamorshi, Aheri and
Sironchatalukas are covered under this area.The major area of the district is having undulating
topography on large scale except a narrow strip along Godavari and Pranhita rivers.
Main physio-graphic features of the district are the Sirkonda, Bhamragad, Aheri and
Dandkaranya hill ranges with high to moderate relief. The low land of the district shows rolling
topography with isolated hill-rocks.Gadchiroli District experiences extreme variations in temperature
with very hot summers and very cold winters and an average relative humidity of 62 percent. In 2001
census, this figure for Gadchiroli District was at 1.00 percent of Maharashtra population. The district is
categorized as Tribal and undeveloped district and most of the land is covered with forest and hills.
METHODOLOGY:- The information on herbal drugs was obtained from local residents and
knowledgeable person, experienced people, medicine men and heads and local inhabitants of the study
area. The methodology includes in the various surveys is for the exploration and documentation of the
medicinal values of the plants. The methodology includes Questionnaire survey, GPS mapping, Semi-
structured interviews, Field walk, Group discussion.

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DESCRIPTION OF PLANTS USED FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSE: -By using above methodology
information regarding medicinal uses of 120 plants from aquatic and terrestrial localities of various herb,
shrub, tree, climbers of annual, biennial and perennial plants was collected and information of 25 plants
summarized with Photographs of these plants which are given at the end.
1. Annona squamosal L.Sitaphal, Annonaceae
 Plant parts used - Root, Leaves, Flowers, Fruit, andSeeds.
 Water extract of roots used in cold and dysentery.
 Leaves are bandaged on cut wounds of animal and leaf juice is given orally with lime.
 Leaves crushed and boiled withwater, filtered water used as mouth wash to stop bad breath.
 Partially dried Leaves kept on fire to make smoke this smoke useful to control flying insects.
 Crushed leaves applied on wounds of cattle’s.
 Fruits are highly valued and pulp bandaged on tumour.
 Dried powder of young falling fruits mixed in water and applied on hairs to escape from lice’s.
 Water based seed powder applied in hair which minimises dandruff and removes lice’s.
 Seeds crushed mixed with water and rubbedon head to remove fungal infection and lice’s.
2. Argemone Mexicana L. PiwalaDhotra, Papaveraceae
 Plant parts used -Roots, Latex, Leaves and Seeds.
 Crushed root sap applied on animal wounds because it has wound healing properties.
 Latex of plant applied externallyon boils.
 Leaves and latex used as topical application on wound.
 Seeds crushed and applied topicallyon the rhumatically affected part of body.
3. Brassica campestrisL. Rai, Mohari, Sarsoo, Brassicaceae
 Plant parts used - Fruits and Seeds.
 Crushed fruit mix in the water and then paste was externally applied on the wound.
 Seeds crushed in water and paste applied on layer of muslin cloth over knee to get rid off
rheumatic joint pains.
4. Cleome viscosa L.Pivli -Tilwan, Kanphodi, Capparidaceae / Cleomaceae
 Plant parts used - Leaves and Seeds.
 Leaf paste is applied externally on the wound twice a day for three days.

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 About one ml leaf juice given orally in fever.
 Cleome and Ocimum leaves crushed and applied on skin infections.
 Seed poultice used to relieve chronic joint pains.
5. Capparis zeylanica L.Waraklya, Govind-phal, Waghati, Capparidaceae
 Plant parts used -Stem, Leaves, and Fruits.
 Local people use younger stem as tooth brush by chewing.
 Leaf crushed and applied on animal wounds.
 Fruits are cooked as vegetable and used on occasion of Twelth day of Ashadh.
6. Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Gongal, Cochlospermaceae
 Plant parts used -Leaves, Stem, Fruit, and Seeds.
 Gum dissolved in water and given orally as stomachic.
 Gum exuded from bark crushed in water and applied on hard skin to soften.
 Oral administration of gum powder mixed with ghee worked as aphrodisiac.
 Leaves and flowers eaten by cattle’s.
 Dried leaves and flowers made in to powder, about 2 gm powder taken orally with
water as stimulant.
 Wood of plant used as fuel.
 Fruit ash mixed withcoconut oil and applied externally on boil.
7. Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL. Jasvand, Jaswandi, Malvaceae
 Plant parts used - Leaves.
 Leaves boiled in water and a glass of water given before going to bed for diuretic
activity.
 Leaves crushed and applied on body swelling.
8. Bombax ceiba L. Katesavar, Savari, Katesevari, Bombacaceae
 Plant parts used -Root, Bark, Leaves, Gum, Floral buds, Fruits and Seeds.
 Dried root of katesawar and kali musali and CurculigoorchiodesGaertn. are powdered
and mixed with double amount of wheat flour this mixture roasted with cow ghee and
laddus are preapered. These laddus are consumed daily during early morning for two
weeks to reduce impotency in male.
 Spines and inner bark given to domestic animals in intestinal troubles.

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 Spines used as substitute to kattha in village. Spines from stem bark and Ocimum
leaves with salt chewed as Beatle nut.
 Spines from stem bark and Ocimum leaves with salt chewed as Beatle nut.
 Bark of tree powdered and applied on wound as wound healing agent.
 Infusion of bark and seed of citrus taken together and its crushed juice given twice day
against dysentery.
 Gum exuded from injured stem is astringent it is mixed with honey and used in
menstrual complaints.
 Crushed flowers and leaves applied on skin infections.
9. Helicteres isora L. Atai, Muradseng, Sterculiaceae
 Plant parts used -Roots, Stem, Bark, Aerial parts, Leaves and Fruits.
 Juice of fresh roots used to treat diabetes.
 About 5 ml fresh bark juice given orally for a week day to cure diabetes.
 Powder of leaf mixed with castor oil and applied on skin burns.
 Powder of fruit used in intestinal complaints, colic pains and flatulence.
 Fruit powder administrated orally with water to treat intestinal problems and colic.
 Fruit used for treatment during Jaundice root infusion is given orally once in a day.
10. Tribulus terrestris L. Gokharu, Sarata, Zygophyllaceae
 Plant parts used -Roots and Fruits.
 Root paste applied on rheumatic joints and has antirheumatic activity.
 Powder of dried roots with powder of Shatavari given orally as sexual tonic.
 Powder of fruit and whole plant powder mixed in equal amount and given orally to increase
count of sperms and minimise urinary disorders.
11. Oxalis corniculataL.Ambuti, Ambushi, Oxalidaceae
 Plant parts used -Leaves, Root and Young plant.
 Plant diuretic activity.
 Paste of Root is taken orally to treat common fever.
 Leaves anti-inflammatory activity.

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12. Impatiens balsamina L. Chivadi, Terada, Gauri, Balsaminaceae
 Plant parts used -Flower and Seed.
 Flower crushed and paste applied externally on wound.
 Seed powder applied on animal skin against insect bites.
13. Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Bel, Rutaceae
 Plant parts used - Leaves, Branches, Fruit, and Flower.
 Young leaves chewed as mouth freshner and juice taken internally to increase urination.
 Decoction of leaves given in chronic feaver.
 Leaf juice applied on part bitten by insect and scorpion sting.
 Leaves chewed and eaten to avoid nausea.
 Scented flowers and leaves crushed and boiled in water, vapoursinhealed during cold.
 Sugar and fruit pulp administrated orally against constipation.
 Young fruits used to make pickle, this which is supposed to be antiacidic.
 Pulp of ripened fruit mixed with sugar and by adding water and salt Sharbat is prepared which is
very useful to avoid sunstroke.
 Fresh fruit extract mixed with honey and given once in day for a week in impotancy.
 Young fruits of Holarrhenapubescens(Buch. Ham.) Wall. And bel crushed in equal quantity and
decoction given to cure diarrhoea.
14. Murraya koenigii(L.) Spreng.Godnimb, Kadhinimb, Rutaceae
 Plant parts used - Leaves, Bark, and Fruit.
 Bark juice applied externally on wasp sting area of skin, as pain removing.
 The leaf paste is applied externally over the wounds to heal.
 The leaves are used to flavor curry and other food preparations.
 Stored food grains mixedwith dried leaf which increases durability of food grains.
 Ripened fruit pulp is sweet and eaten as appetizer and carminative.
 Ripened fruits are eaten as they are carminative and responsible to increase liver functioning.
15. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Kadulimb, Kadunimb, Meliaceae
 Plant parts used - Leaves, Flower, Stem, Fruit, Seed.
 Stored grains mixed with dried leaves for security against spoilage from insects and fungus.
 Tender twigs of plants used liketooth brush and locally known as Datun by local inhabitants.

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 Leaves are powerful insect repellent, antibacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and
also strengthens the overall immune responses of body.
 Leaf decoction used as antiseptic to wash cut wounds in domestic animals.
 Dried flowers, leaves are used as diuretic.
 Infusion of fresh flowers with candy sugar given orally to treat against intestinal worms.
 Fruits powdered and immersed in water for 48 hours, filtered extract used to spray on field
crops as pesticide.
 Nuts of tree strung and worn round the neck and during prevalence of small pox Oil extracted
from seeds applied on skin for curing skin ailments. Oil is used for dressing for foul ulcers,
eczema and skin diseases like ringworm, scabies.
 Seeds crushed and aqueous extract applied on rheumatically affected area.
 Oil extracted from seeds applied on skin infections in human and other domestic animals.
16. Maytenus emarginata (Willd.).Bharati, Malkanguni, Celastraceae
 Plant parts used -Root, bark, Stem, Leaves, Fruit, and Seeds.
 Root bark is removed and chewed in morning for three successive days it reduces problems due
to piles.
 Older and dried branches used as fuel.
 A spoonful leaf juice taken orally to treat Jaundice.
 Decoction leaves used as mouth wash.
 Paste of stem bark is mixed with mustard oil and applied to kill lice’s.
 A finger long piece of stem bark chewed and juice utilised against bleeding piles.
 Seed oil applied on joints and gently massaged on painful joints.
17. Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. Ber, Bor.Rhamnaceae
 Plant parts used -Leaves, Fruits and Seeds.
 Paste of leaf along with the leaves of AilanthesexcelsaRoxb. is taken internally as well as
topically to treat paralysis.
 Fruits holy importance offered during holy ceremony as symbol of prosparity.
 Fruits dried and powdered which is eaten during summer.
 Seed powdered and pinch of powder taken with water to escape from sunstroke.

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18. Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill.Ironi, Yeroni,Rhamnaceae
 Plant parts used -Root, Leaves, Fruits and Seeds.
 Oral administration of root bark gets relief from intestinal worms.
 Leaves are chewed and applied on wound, leaves stick to wound till it get healed.
 External application of seed powder shows good response to wound healing.
 Paste of Bark and Fruit along with cumin seeds is given internally to treat diarrhea.
 Fruit and bark paste along with cumin taken internally to treat diarrhea.
19. Cardiospermum helicacabum L. Kapalphodi, Sapinadaceae
 Plant parts used - Leaves, Roots, and Seeds.
 Leaf decoction has anticancer activity.
 To stop bleeding from fresh wound,leaf juice put on cut part.
 Leaf juice put on the cut part for stopping bleeding.
 Warm leaf paste applied on rheumatic joints.
 Root juice has diuretic activity.
 Root infusion applied on rheumatically affected area.
 Seeds crushed with watert and paste applied in area affected due to insect bite.
 Paste of leaves with onion and coconut oil is taken orally for joint pain.
 2-3 Seeds and bark of Tectonagrandis L. f. mixed with beetle leaf take for three successive days
to increase ovulation.
20. Buchanani alanzan Spreng.Char, Charoli, Anacardiaceae
 Plant parts used - Leaves, Wood, Gum, Fruit, and Seeds.
 Gum exuded from cut bark is used to treat diarrhea.
 Gum mixed with cow milk and used againstrheumatic pains.
 Seed karnelsutilised as tonic.
 Ripened epicarp and mesocarp of mature fruit is sweet and utilised due to its carminative.
21. Mangifera indica L.Amba, Aam, Anacardiaceae
 Plant parts used - Stem, Bark, Leaves, Aerial parts, Flowerand Fruit.
 The shade dried stem bark is burnt in to ash and its paste mixed with coconut oil which is
applied to the wound twice a day till it gets completely cured.
 Ash of dried leaves mixed with fresh coconut oil and applied as home remedy for skin burns.
 Water dissolved gum of mango plant is used for dressing cracked wounds of feet.

Medical System
 Dried mango flowers mixed in milk and sugar and given to cure dysentery.
 Unripe fruits eaten as raw or pickle is prepared. Extract of unripen fruit along with sugar, salt,
water locally known as ‘Panhe’ utilized by people as refreshing drink during summer season it
is considered to be diuretic.
22. Semicarpus anacardium L. f.Bibba, Anacardiaceae
 Plant parts used -Roots, bark, Fruits, Fleshy thalamus and Seeds.
 About 20 gm fresh root bark made in to paste from this small pills are prepared and given
against skin diseases.
 Bark infusions is taken for leucorrhoea.
 Fruits are partially roasted and internal seed portion ‘Godambi’ is utilised as tonic.
 Seed kept in fire, oily seed start to burn, this oily burnt collected in cow milk, pinch of turmeric
small quantity of sugar is added and this warm milk taken internally to minimise effect of
rheumatism.
 Seed oil applied in very small quantity over fore head to minimise half head ache.
 Seed oil applied externally on rheumatic part.
23. Moringao leifera Lamk. Mongana, Shewaga, Moringaceae
 Plant parts used -Bark, and Flower.
 Bark abortifacient, paste of powdered bark taken internally or applied externally causes
abortion.
 Bark paste applied on boil and swelling.
 Flowers dried in shade and small quantity of powder applied with water to get relief from ear-
ache.
24. Abrus precatorius L.Gunj, Fabaceae
 Plant parts used - Leaves and Seeds.
 Powder of leaves taken with water in Jaundice.
 Watery juice of leaf with honey given against sunstroke.
 Water based leaf juice applied on closed eye to get rid of eye irritation.
 Dried leaves are added in pan which increases mucus secretion.
 Seeds rubbed on stony surface in water and applied on areas wherever hairs lost due to
infection.

Medical System
 About 20 gram seed powder mixed with glass of lukewarm water and given orally as
abortifying agent.
25. Arachis hypogaeaL. Bhui-mug, Fabaceae
 Plant parts used - Aerial parts, Fruit and Seeds.
 Leaf ash mixed with groundnut oil and applied externally on skin spots.
Beside above mentioned 25 plants following plants are also used by local people to cure various diseases.
Buteamonosperma(La
m.)
Cajanuscajan (L.) Millsp CicerarietinumL ClitoriatcmeataL
DalbergiasissooRoxb LathyrussativusL Mucunapruriens(L.) DC Pongamiapinnata(L.)
Sesbaniagrandiflora(L.
)
Poir Tephrosiapurpurea(L.) Trigonellafoenum-
graecumL
Bauhinia purpureaL Caesalpiniabonduc(L.)
Roxb
Cassia fistula L Cassia toraL
TamarindusindicaL Acacia nilotica(L.) Dell.subs indica (Benth.)
Mimosa pudicaL Pithecellobiumdulce(Roxb
.)Benth
KalanchoePinnata(Lam
k.)
Terminaliabellirica(G
aertn.) Roxb
Eucalyptus
globulusLabill
Psidiumguajava L. Syzygiumcumini(L.) Ludwigiaperennis L
Caricapapaya L Cocciniagrandis(L.) OpuntiaelatiorMill Coriandrumsativum L
Gardenia resinifera
Roth
Sphaeranthussenegalansis
DC
SolanumamericanumMi
ll
SolanumvirginianumL
Sopubiadelphiniifolia
(L.)
Martyniaannua L Adhatodazaylanica
Medic
Andrographispanicula
ta (Burm. F.)
Hygrophilaschulli
(Buch.-Ham.)
LepidagathiscristataWilld Rungiarepens Nee Lantana camara L.
var
aculeata (L.) Mold Tectonagrandis L f.,Vitexnigundo L Leonotisnepetiifolia(L
.) R
Br.,Ocimum sanctum L synOcimumtenuiflorumL Boerhaviarepens(L.)var
difussa L
AchyranthesasperaL
Euphorbia hirta L Euphorbia tirucalli L Jatrophacurcas L PhyllanthusemblicaL
PhyllanthusamarusSch
umach
Ricinuscommunis L Ficusbenghalensis L FicusracemosaL
Ficusreligiosa L Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Curcuma longa L CurculigoorchioidesG
aertn
AlliumcepaL Allium sativumL Agave americana L Aloe veraL
Asparagus
racemosusWilld
Gloriosasuperba L Phoenix acaulisBuch TyphadomingensisPer
s
Cynodondactylon (L.)
Pers
DendrocalamusstrictusNe
es
Oryza sativa L TriticumaestivumL

Medical System
Conclusion
The present study has immense importance as it restores and documents the knowledge which seems to
be on the risk of extinction,particularly during this era where modern medicine facilities are used by
people and also knowledgeable persons are reluctant to share and disclose their valuable knowledge.
Now-a-days a very lesspeople are found with such knowledge. Most of the rural population in study area
depends on the biological resources for their livelihood. These resources are used as fuel wood, fodder,
timber, food, fiber, raw materials for domestic articles and medicine.
It was felt necessary that local communities should be encouraged to cultivate the economical
and medicinal plants in their own land. Such studies are helpful in therapeutics. Pharmacological
screening of the valuable medicinal plant parts should be done to prove validity of traditional health care
practices.
Still Much more population is depend on herbal medicines to cure various diseases but scientific
studies in relation to drug dose and efficacy of drug is required.
“HERBAL MEDICINES USED BY LOCAL INHABITANTS OF GADCHIROLI DISTRICT OF
MAHARASTRA.”

Medical System
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