Dysplastic nodules are defined as distinctive liver nodules that differ in size, color, texture or protrusion compared to the surrounding liver tissue, and contain portal tracts. Low grade dysplastic nodules show normal or enlarged hepatocytes without architectural abnormalities, while high grade nodules exhibit cytological and architectural atypia such as small cell changes and pseudogland formation. The document discusses models of dysplastic nodule development and differentiation from hepatocellular carcinoma.
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M2 Hematology / Oncology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan: openmi.ch/med-M2Hematology
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M2 Hematology / Oncology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan: openmi.ch/med-M2Hematology
Sentience Everywhere: Complexity and the Role of Sentience in a Self-Organizi...Neil Theise
How viewing the world as a hierarchy of complex adaptive systems maps to quantum physics, insights about the structure of the universe from spiritual/contemplative traditions, and the relationships of these concepts to understanding the nature of consciousness.
Alternative models of the body: Opening science to cross-cultural dialogueNeil Theise
Complexity theory approaches to biology and universal structure. This construct may provide a linguistic and perhaps mathematical way to cross cultural boundaries when discussing biology, medicine, and healing.
LR&H - Clinical case highlighting the approach to anaemia in small animalsI Want To Become A Vet
Clinical case focusing on the topic of lymphoreticular and haemopoetic. The cases aim to highlight commonly presenting concerns and how the similar presenting complaints can represent very different disease processes. The cases are presented in a fashion so that they can be worked through in the same approach a working vet would. The level is intended for pre-veterinary students and veterinary students.
For more information please go to http://IWantToBecomeAVet.com
Sentience Everywhere: Complexity and the Role of Sentience in a Self-Organizi...Neil Theise
How viewing the world as a hierarchy of complex adaptive systems maps to quantum physics, insights about the structure of the universe from spiritual/contemplative traditions, and the relationships of these concepts to understanding the nature of consciousness.
Alternative models of the body: Opening science to cross-cultural dialogueNeil Theise
Complexity theory approaches to biology and universal structure. This construct may provide a linguistic and perhaps mathematical way to cross cultural boundaries when discussing biology, medicine, and healing.
LR&H - Clinical case highlighting the approach to anaemia in small animalsI Want To Become A Vet
Clinical case focusing on the topic of lymphoreticular and haemopoetic. The cases aim to highlight commonly presenting concerns and how the similar presenting complaints can represent very different disease processes. The cases are presented in a fashion so that they can be worked through in the same approach a working vet would. The level is intended for pre-veterinary students and veterinary students.
For more information please go to http://IWantToBecomeAVet.com
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In vivo microscopy in humans reveals interstitial spaces with novel anatomy never before recognized, in every tissue and organ of the body. The fluid filled spaces comprise 20% of the volume of the body and they and the collagen bundles and lining cells that define the spaces is therefore the largest "organ" of the body.
Stem Cells, Complexity, and the Science of BeingNeil Theise
Implications of the universe as a self-organizing system. Bodies are comprised of cells, Cells are comprised of molecules. Molecules are comprised of atoms. Atoms are comprised of subatomic particles. Subatomic particles arise from the smallest possible entities (e.g. strings?), and these arise from the energy rich vacuum in a quantum foam. "Everything only looks like a thing"
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Our daily experience tells us that the world and our bodies are material things, made of “stuff.” Our Buddhist traditions however tell us otherwise, that the appearance of materiality is an illusion.
In past talks Dr. Neil Soten Theise has described his views that the universe is not material, but arises from the self-organization of quantum level entities that themselves arise out of pure Fundamental Awareness. Thus, contemporary science and philosophy can also view the world and ourselves as non-material.
But what of the non-material beings that fill Zen study texts and liturgy? Are they merely myths, metaphors, or Jungian archetypes? Or is it possible that gods, demons, angels, spirits are also as “real” as each of us? Can the Fundamental Awareness framework shed light on what is “real” and what is “not real” for us – living, sentient beings – in a non-material world?
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
3. Dysplastic nodules are defined as: Distinctive nodules which differ from the surrounding parenchyma in terms of
4. Dysplastic nodules are defined as: Distinctive nodules which differ from the surrounding parenchyma in terms of: size,
5. Dysplastic nodules are defined as: Distinctive nodules which differ from the surrounding parenchyma in terms of: size, color,
6. Dysplastic nodules are defined as: Distinctive nodules which differ from the surrounding parenchyma in terms of: size, color, texture,
7. Dysplastic nodules are defined as: Distinctive nodules which differ from the surrounding parenchyma in terms of: size, color, texture, or degree of bulging from the cut surface
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13. Dysplastic nodules are defined as: Distinctive nodules which differ from the surrounding parenchyma in terms of: color, size, texture, or degree of bulging from the cut surface AND contain portal tracts (….?)
21. Features of High Grade DNs: Cytologic atypia, e.g. small cell change Clone-like domains e.g. Mallory body clustering, iron resistance, fatty or clear cell change, etc. Architectural atypia, e.g. pseudogland formation
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26. Incidence of DNs in Cirrhotic Livers # Livers with DNs (%) # Cirrhotic Livers Source Location 10 (24%) 41 Explant Bordeaux 32 (22%) 155 Explant New York 45 (21%) 209 Autopsy Kanazawa 17 (15%) 110 Explant San Francisco 11 (25%) 44 Explant New York 46 (14%) 315 Autopsy Tokushima
73. Features found in dysplastic nodules X Large cell change X Scirrhous change X Angiogenesis (“unpaired arteries”) X Diffuse (or zonal) fatty change X Diffuse hemosiderosis eHCC HGDN LGDN
74. Features found in dysplastic nodules X X X Large cell change X X X Scirrhous change XXX XX X Angiogenesis (“unpaired arteries”) X X X Diffuse (or zonal) fatty change rare rare X Diffuse hemosiderosis eHCC HGDN LGDN LN
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76. Case 1 43 year old woman with hepatitis C cirrhosis. Well defined, distinctive nodule measuring 1.9 cm in explanted liver.
82. Features found in dysplastic nodules X X Nodule-in-nodule expansile growth (with steatosis or other changes above) X X Mallory body clustering (with/without steatosis, PMNs) X X Iron resistence in otherwise siderotic nodule XX X Pseudoacinar growth X X Small cell change X X X Large cell change X X X Scirrhous change XXX XX X Angiogenesis (“unpaired arteries”) X Diffuse (or zonal) fatty change rare rare X Diffuse hemosiderosis eHCC HGDN LGDN
83. Features found in dysplastic nodules X Stromal invasion X X Nodule-in-nodule expansile growth (with steatosis or other changes above) X X Mallory body clustering (with/without steatosis, PMNs) X X Iron resistence in otherwise siderotic nodule XX X Pseudoacinar growth X X Small cell change X X X Large cell change X X X Scirrhous change XXX XX X Angiogenesis (“unpaired arteries”) X Diffuse (or zonal) fatty change rare rare X Diffuse hemosiderosis eHCC HGDN LGDN