Workshop on sustainable tree-based bioenergy at ICRAF. 27-28 May 2015

1. INTRODUCTION
Sustainable
Tree-­‐based
Bioenergy
in
Sub-­‐Saharan
Africa
ICRAF,
Nairobi,
26-­‐28
May
2015
Henry
Neufeldt
World
Agroforestry
Centre
(ICRAF)

5. The
relaHon
between
HDI,
EDI
and
bioenergy
dependence
for
the
selected
developing
countries
(data:
UNDP-­‐HDI,
IEA-­‐EDI,
WDI
–
combusHble
renewables
as
%
in
total
energy
use)

6. SDG7
ENSURE
ACCESS
TO
AFFORDABLE,
RELIABLE,
SUSTAINABLE,
AND
MODERN
ENERGY
FOR
ALL

11. Francis
Hannaway
WWF
In
Africa
80%
of
energy
is
derived
from
fuelwood
and
charcoal

12. Fuelwood
Charcoal

16. 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
forestareasrequiredtomeet
charcoaldemand(000ha/year)
kiln @10%
kiln @10% + improved stove
kiln @10% + improved stove + AF
kiln @10→@30%
kiln @10→@30% + improved stove
kiln @10→@30% + improved stove + AF

17. ¢ US$8b
revenue
+7m
employment
in
2007;
esKmated
US$12b+12m
by
2030
¢ complex
and
mulK-­‐layered
“command
and
control”-­‐type
regulatory
contexts,
which
result
in
an
unclear
framework
for
stakeholders
operaKng
in
the
sector
Figure 17: Marketing channels for charcoal in Kenya
Production Site (wood and Charcoal)
Middlemen
Households
Road Side
Wholesalers
Retailers
KFS
Police
Local Authorities
www.businessdailyafrica.com
erinmurraytravels.blogspot.com
KFS
(2013)
www.businessdailyafrica.com
0-­‐3%
~16%
20~22%
~3%
~20%
~2%
20-­‐30%
Nairobi,
Kenya
YaWa,
Kenya
Mutomo,
Kenya
Kerio,
Kenya
G
Ndegwa
Somalia
Export
to
Gulf
www.trust.org
Charcoal
is
among
the
most
commercialized
resources
in
SSA;
many
stakeholders
are
compeHng
for
profit
margins
at
different
stages
of
the
value
chain
from
rural
supply
centres
to
urban
demand
centres

18. Current
electricity
generaKon
from
biomass-­‐fired
power
staKons
in
the
European
Union
(GWh)

19. Charcoal
producKon
from
mesquite
(Prosopis
-­‐
a
serious
invasive
tree
in
East
Africa)
Biomass
gasificaKon
for
electricity
generaKon,
India

20. Jatropha
curcas
Pongamia
pinnata
Nypa
fructans
Source:
wikipedia
commons

21. THE
CHALLENGE
Knowledge
¢ How
much
wood
is
needed/can
be
produced?
¢ Models
for
short
rotaKon
producKon
¢ Models
for
renewable
producKon
and
use
¢ BeWer
cooking
technology
¢ PotenKal
of
gasificaKon
for
power
¢ PotenKal
of
biofuels
¢ Effects
on
climate
change
(+/-­‐)

22. THE
CHALLENGE
(CONTINUED)
Policy
¢ Rehabilitate
the
reputaKon
of
trees
for
energy
¢ Influence
the
post-­‐2015
development
agenda
¢ Include
trees
in
policies
on
energy
mixes
¢ Eliminate
perverse
policies
(especially
charcoal)
¢ Develop
wood
for
energy
markets

23. THE
CHALLENGE
(CONTINUED)
¢ AcKon
¢ A
global
plaiorm
for
tree-­‐based
energy?
¢ Develop
partnerships
¢ Promote
renewable
tree-­‐based
energy

24. Thanks
for
a
future