Henry Murray's Personology
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This document discusses Henry Murray's childhood and contributions to personality theory. It notes that Murray experienced maternal rejection as an infant and developed a lifelong depression. He also faced physical disabilities as a child but compensated through boxing. Murray later questioned Freud's Oedipus complex because it did not fit his own experience. The document outlines Murray's Personology theory, which divided personality into Id, Ego, and Superego structures differently than Freud. It also lists some of Murray's principles of personality and influential needs model.
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Henry-Murray-Pdf.pdf
This PDF shows Henry Murray's biography and other studies that Henry Murray created. This document is from our credible source that might be used for education especially for those whose studying psychology or a psychology major. Thus, I hope this document might help this in studies that you're taking.
Henry Murray
Henry Murray was an influential American psychologist who studied personality and founded personology, the study of human personality. Some key points about Murray's life and work:
- Murray was born in 1893 in New York and studied at Harvard and Columbia, obtaining his PhD from Cambridge University in 1927. He went on to head the Harvard Psychological Clinic for 15 years.
- Murray believed personality was complex and developed over a person's entire life based on their experiences. He identified five principles of personology, including that personality changes over time and each person is unique.
- Murray divided personality into three parts - the id, superego, and ego - and interpreted them differently than Freud, emphasizing both positive and negative imp
Henry murray
This document provides a biography of Henry Murray, a pioneering American psychologist. It describes Murray's childhood, education, and influences. As a child, Murray experienced maternal rejection and developed lifelong depression. He compensated for physical limitations through sports. He was influenced by Carl Jung's work and sought Jung's counsel regarding a personal dilemma, sparking Murray's interest in psychology. Murray went on to develop an influential theory of personality called Personology. He studied the roots of personality in brain physiology and the drive to reduce psychological tension through action. Murray had a prolific career but came to view it as unfinished. He made important contributions to personality theory and assessment.
Group Theory and Process Presentation
This document provides a brief biography of Alfred Adler, founder of Individual Psychology, and summaries of some of his key ideas. It discusses Adler's early life struggles, his work with Freud and later split from psychoanalysis. Some of Adler's central beliefs involved human motivation towards social superiority and the influence of early family dynamics and birth order on personality development. Adler was one of the first to practice and advocate for group therapy techniques. The document also contrasts Adler's theories with Freud's and provides overviews of several Adlerian therapeutic concepts.
Alfred Adler’s
Adler was an Austrian psychiatrist born in 1870 who was among the founders of the psychoanalytic movement but later broke away to form his own school called Individual Psychology. He is best known for concepts like the inferiority complex and striving for superiority. Adler believed that feelings of inferiority in childhood motivate people to compensate through developing a lifestyle and fictional goals to gain significance. Key aspects of Adler's theory included birth order influences, social interest in cooperation, and parenting styles like pampering or neglect.
Social psychological paradigm
Alfred Adler was an Austrian psychiatrist born in 1870 who initially collaborated with Freud but later developed his own approach called Individual Psychology. Some key aspects of Adler's theory included his emphasis on inferiority complexes, superiority complexes, and social interest. He saw early childhood experiences and birth order as influencing one's lifestyle and approach to life. Adler used techniques like analyzing first memories and dreams to understand people's psychological development and styles of living. Karen Horney challenged Freud's views by focusing on social and cultural influences on personality rather than biology. She described different neurotic trends of moving towards, against, or away from people as ways people adjust to basic anxiety. The goal of her therapy was to help clients develop a realistic self-
Running Head Traditional Psychodynamic Theories 1Traditional P.docx
Running Head: Traditional Psychodynamic Theories 1
Traditional Psychodynamic Theories 6
Name of the student:
Course:
Date:
Psychodynamic theories are views that describe personality based on conscious and unconscious forces. Personality is the difference in an individual that makes the person have distinctive behavior, patterns of thought and feeling. Personality lends consistency to the character of an individual. The character of a person is shaped by both the environmental and hereditary forces (Matthews, G. et al., 2009). Personality mostly focuses on two broad area. These are understanding discrete differences in a particular trait of a personality such as sociability or irritability, and understanding the way different parts of an individual are joined as a whole.
Famous theorists did work on the psychodynamic theories where they tried to explain the concept of personality. The leading theorists were Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Erik Erikson. Every theory focuses on explaining nature and the process of a character. The Object Relations Theory is also included in the group of personality theories. The theories perform psychoanalysis, a therapy that tries to disclose unconscious desires and thoughts. All psychologists do not accept psychodynamic theories. The theories have been criticized because of their lack of scientific data to support them.
Freud’s theory:
In this theory, Freud points out that personality includes ego, id, and the super-ego. He said that these three parts worked with each other to create the human character. The id makes a person to be responsible for seeking pleasure and instincts. The superego makes an individual to try to obey the rules of the elders and the society while the ego acts as a mediator between the id and superego on the basis of the demands of reality (Borden, W., 2009). For example, id makes people want food, the ego assists people in looking for a reasonable way to get food, and the superego holds the individual’s morality. According to Freud, the personality of a person is driven by id, superego, and ego.
Strengths and weaknesses:
The theory had both strengths and limitations. Let’s start with the advantages. One, the theory provides a broad framework for the description of the personality of persons. This approach was considered to have power in its explanation. However, it had limitations. Its major problem was that it was not scientifically valid. For example, the theory can help in explaining causes of an abnormality like a child trauma; however, it lacks research evidence to support it. The ideas of Freud were based mostly on his subjective analysis.
Adler’s theory:
Adler came up with the first holistic personality theory. His theory was connected to a humanistic philosophy of living. In his worker, he revealed an uncommon understanding of mental disorders and a big inspiration for.
Counseling Theories
This document summarizes three counseling theories: psychoanalytic theory, Jungian analytic theory, and Adlerian counseling. It discusses the founders and key concepts of each theory. Psychoanalytic theory, founded by Sigmund Freud, focuses on unconscious motives and childhood experiences. Jungian analytic theory, developed by Carl Jung, aims to facilitate personal growth through individuation. Adlerian counseling, established by Alfred Adler, emphasizes social interest, early recollections, and striving for superiority.
Theories of Personality
This document provides an overview of several personality theories, including those proposed by Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Karen Horney, and others. It discusses key concepts from each theorist, such as Adler's ideas around birth order and compensation, Jung's archetypes and personality types, and Horney's notions of basic anxiety and different neurotic personality types. The document aims to define personality and explore how different theorists have sought to understand individual differences in thinking, feeling and behaving.
Personality10Enduring Issues inPersonalityStudying P.docx
Personality10
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Studying Personality
Psychodynamic Theories
• Sigmund Freud
• Carl Jung
• Alfred Adler
• Karen Horney
• Erik Erikson
• A Psychodynamic View of
Jaylene Smith
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Theories
Humanistic Personality
Theories
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Jaylene Smith
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• Direct Observation
• Objective Tests
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O V E R V I E W
IS
B
N
1-256-37427-X
Understanding Psychology, Ninth Edition, by Charles G. Morris and Albert A. Maisto. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Thirty-year-old Jaylene Smith is a talented physician whomeets with a psychologist because she is troubled by cer-tain aspects of her social life. Acquaintances describe Jay
in glowing terms, saying she is highly motivated, intelligent,
attractive, and charming. But Jay feels terribly insecure and
anxious. When the psychologist asked her to pick out some self-
descriptive adjectives, she selected “introverted,” “shy,” “inad-
equate,” and “unhappy.”
Jay was the firstborn in a family of two boys and one girl. Her
father is a quiet, gentle medical researcher. His work often allowed
him to study at home, so he had extensive contact with his children
when they were young. He loved all his children, but clearly
favored Jay. His ambitions and goals for her were extremely high;
and as she matured, he responded to her every need and demand
almost immediately and with full conviction. Their relationship
remains as close today as it was during Jay’s childhood.
Jay’s mother worked long hours away from home as a store
manager and consequently saw her children primarily at night
and on an occasional free weekend. When she came home,
Mrs. Smith was tired and had little energy for “nonessential”
interactions with her children. She had always been career ori-
ented, but she experienced considerable conflict and frustration
trying to reconcile her roles as mother, housekeeper, and finan-
cial provider. Mrs. Smith was usually amiable toward all her
children but tended to argue more with Jay, until the bickering
subsided when Jay was about 6 or 7 years of age. Today, their
relationship is cordial but lacks the closeness apparent
between Jay and Dr. Smith. Interactions between Dr. and Mrs.
Smith were sometimes marred by stormy outbursts over seem-
ingly trivial matters. These episodes were always followed by
periods of mutual silence lasting for days.
Jay was very jealous of her first brother, born when she
was 2 years old. Her parents recall that Jay sometimes staged
335
temper tantrums when the new infant demanded and receiv.
murray-personologyfinalll.docx
Henry Murray developed a theory of personality organized around motives, presses, and needs. He described needs as a readiness to respond under certain circumstances. Murray identified primary biological needs and secondary psychological needs. He also developed the Thematic Apperception Test to assess unconscious thoughts and feelings. Murray's theory emphasized that personality is shaped by both innate factors and environmental influences over one's life.
Henry murray
Henry M. Murray was an American psychologist known for developing a theory of personality organized around motives, needs, and presses. He identified 27 psychogenic needs that he believed largely functioned at the unconscious level to shape personality. Murray is also known for developing the Thematic Apperception Test, a projective test designed to assess personality themes and unconscious motivation. He taught psychology and psychoanalytic theory at Harvard University for his entire career.
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PSY 362 Module 1 Assignment 3 Political Personalities Abraham Lincoln
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1) Alfred Adler developed individual psychology, which differed from Freud's psychoanalysis by emphasizing social and community factors rather than internal drives.
2) Adler believed humans have a drive for superiority to overcome feelings of inferiority, and develop unique styles of life and fictional goals to achieve superiority.
3) Individual psychology examines how birth order, family dynamics, and creative self influence a person's personality and striving for superiority.
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Erich Fromm was a German sociologist and psychoanalyst who made important contributions to understanding human freedom and character. He believed that modern freedom led to feelings of powerlessness and anxiety. People respond either through "freedom from" these feelings by conforming or being authoritarian/destructive, or "freedom to" develop oneself through spontaneity and individuation. Fromm identified basic human needs and five orientations of character that are shaped by one's culture. He created a test to measure tendencies toward these orientations: receptive, exploitative, hoarding, marketing, and productive.
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Henry-Murray-Pdf.pdf
This PDF shows Henry Murray's biography and other studies that Henry Murray created. This document is from our credible source that might be used for education especially for those whose studying psychology or a psychology major. Thus, I hope this document might help this in studies that you're taking.
Henry Murray
Henry Murray was an influential American psychologist who studied personality and founded personology, the study of human personality. Some key points about Murray's life and work:
- Murray was born in 1893 in New York and studied at Harvard and Columbia, obtaining his PhD from Cambridge University in 1927. He went on to head the Harvard Psychological Clinic for 15 years.
- Murray believed personality was complex and developed over a person's entire life based on their experiences. He identified five principles of personology, including that personality changes over time and each person is unique.
- Murray divided personality into three parts - the id, superego, and ego - and interpreted them differently than Freud, emphasizing both positive and negative imp
Henry murray
This document provides a biography of Henry Murray, a pioneering American psychologist. It describes Murray's childhood, education, and influences. As a child, Murray experienced maternal rejection and developed lifelong depression. He compensated for physical limitations through sports. He was influenced by Carl Jung's work and sought Jung's counsel regarding a personal dilemma, sparking Murray's interest in psychology. Murray went on to develop an influential theory of personality called Personology. He studied the roots of personality in brain physiology and the drive to reduce psychological tension through action. Murray had a prolific career but came to view it as unfinished. He made important contributions to personality theory and assessment.
Group Theory and Process Presentation
This document provides a brief biography of Alfred Adler, founder of Individual Psychology, and summaries of some of his key ideas. It discusses Adler's early life struggles, his work with Freud and later split from psychoanalysis. Some of Adler's central beliefs involved human motivation towards social superiority and the influence of early family dynamics and birth order on personality development. Adler was one of the first to practice and advocate for group therapy techniques. The document also contrasts Adler's theories with Freud's and provides overviews of several Adlerian therapeutic concepts.
Alfred Adler’s
Adler was an Austrian psychiatrist born in 1870 who was among the founders of the psychoanalytic movement but later broke away to form his own school called Individual Psychology. He is best known for concepts like the inferiority complex and striving for superiority. Adler believed that feelings of inferiority in childhood motivate people to compensate through developing a lifestyle and fictional goals to gain significance. Key aspects of Adler's theory included birth order influences, social interest in cooperation, and parenting styles like pampering or neglect.
Social psychological paradigm
Alfred Adler was an Austrian psychiatrist born in 1870 who initially collaborated with Freud but later developed his own approach called Individual Psychology. Some key aspects of Adler's theory included his emphasis on inferiority complexes, superiority complexes, and social interest. He saw early childhood experiences and birth order as influencing one's lifestyle and approach to life. Adler used techniques like analyzing first memories and dreams to understand people's psychological development and styles of living. Karen Horney challenged Freud's views by focusing on social and cultural influences on personality rather than biology. She described different neurotic trends of moving towards, against, or away from people as ways people adjust to basic anxiety. The goal of her therapy was to help clients develop a realistic self-
Running Head Traditional Psychodynamic Theories 1Traditional P.docx
Running Head: Traditional Psychodynamic Theories 1
Traditional Psychodynamic Theories 6
Name of the student:
Course:
Date:
Psychodynamic theories are views that describe personality based on conscious and unconscious forces. Personality is the difference in an individual that makes the person have distinctive behavior, patterns of thought and feeling. Personality lends consistency to the character of an individual. The character of a person is shaped by both the environmental and hereditary forces (Matthews, G. et al., 2009). Personality mostly focuses on two broad area. These are understanding discrete differences in a particular trait of a personality such as sociability or irritability, and understanding the way different parts of an individual are joined as a whole.
Famous theorists did work on the psychodynamic theories where they tried to explain the concept of personality. The leading theorists were Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Erik Erikson. Every theory focuses on explaining nature and the process of a character. The Object Relations Theory is also included in the group of personality theories. The theories perform psychoanalysis, a therapy that tries to disclose unconscious desires and thoughts. All psychologists do not accept psychodynamic theories. The theories have been criticized because of their lack of scientific data to support them.
Freud’s theory:
In this theory, Freud points out that personality includes ego, id, and the super-ego. He said that these three parts worked with each other to create the human character. The id makes a person to be responsible for seeking pleasure and instincts. The superego makes an individual to try to obey the rules of the elders and the society while the ego acts as a mediator between the id and superego on the basis of the demands of reality (Borden, W., 2009). For example, id makes people want food, the ego assists people in looking for a reasonable way to get food, and the superego holds the individual’s morality. According to Freud, the personality of a person is driven by id, superego, and ego.
Strengths and weaknesses:
The theory had both strengths and limitations. Let’s start with the advantages. One, the theory provides a broad framework for the description of the personality of persons. This approach was considered to have power in its explanation. However, it had limitations. Its major problem was that it was not scientifically valid. For example, the theory can help in explaining causes of an abnormality like a child trauma; however, it lacks research evidence to support it. The ideas of Freud were based mostly on his subjective analysis.
Adler’s theory:
Adler came up with the first holistic personality theory. His theory was connected to a humanistic philosophy of living. In his worker, he revealed an uncommon understanding of mental disorders and a big inspiration for.
Counseling Theories
This document summarizes three counseling theories: psychoanalytic theory, Jungian analytic theory, and Adlerian counseling. It discusses the founders and key concepts of each theory. Psychoanalytic theory, founded by Sigmund Freud, focuses on unconscious motives and childhood experiences. Jungian analytic theory, developed by Carl Jung, aims to facilitate personal growth through individuation. Adlerian counseling, established by Alfred Adler, emphasizes social interest, early recollections, and striving for superiority.
Theories of Personality
This document provides an overview of several personality theories, including those proposed by Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Karen Horney, and others. It discusses key concepts from each theorist, such as Adler's ideas around birth order and compensation, Jung's archetypes and personality types, and Horney's notions of basic anxiety and different neurotic personality types. The document aims to define personality and explore how different theorists have sought to understand individual differences in thinking, feeling and behaving.
Personality10Enduring Issues inPersonalityStudying P.docx
Personality10
Enduring Issues in
Personality
Studying Personality
Psychodynamic Theories
• Sigmund Freud
• Carl Jung
• Alfred Adler
• Karen Horney
• Erik Erikson
• A Psychodynamic View of
Jaylene Smith
• Evaluating Psychodynamic
Theories
Humanistic Personality
Theories
• Carl Rogers
• A Humanistic View of
Jaylene Smith
• Evaluating Humanistic
Theories
Trait Theories
• The Big Five
• A Trait View of Jaylene Smith
• Evaluating Trait Theories
Cognitive–Social Learning
Theories
• Expectancies, Self-Efficacy,
and Locus of Control
• A Cognitive–Social Learning
View of Jaylene Smith
• Evaluating Cognitive–Social
Learning Theories
Personality Assessment
• The Personal Interview
• Direct Observation
• Objective Tests
• Projective Tests
O V E R V I E W
IS
B
N
1-256-37427-X
Understanding Psychology, Ninth Edition, by Charles G. Morris and Albert A. Maisto. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Thirty-year-old Jaylene Smith is a talented physician whomeets with a psychologist because she is troubled by cer-tain aspects of her social life. Acquaintances describe Jay
in glowing terms, saying she is highly motivated, intelligent,
attractive, and charming. But Jay feels terribly insecure and
anxious. When the psychologist asked her to pick out some self-
descriptive adjectives, she selected “introverted,” “shy,” “inad-
equate,” and “unhappy.”
Jay was the firstborn in a family of two boys and one girl. Her
father is a quiet, gentle medical researcher. His work often allowed
him to study at home, so he had extensive contact with his children
when they were young. He loved all his children, but clearly
favored Jay. His ambitions and goals for her were extremely high;
and as she matured, he responded to her every need and demand
almost immediately and with full conviction. Their relationship
remains as close today as it was during Jay’s childhood.
Jay’s mother worked long hours away from home as a store
manager and consequently saw her children primarily at night
and on an occasional free weekend. When she came home,
Mrs. Smith was tired and had little energy for “nonessential”
interactions with her children. She had always been career ori-
ented, but she experienced considerable conflict and frustration
trying to reconcile her roles as mother, housekeeper, and finan-
cial provider. Mrs. Smith was usually amiable toward all her
children but tended to argue more with Jay, until the bickering
subsided when Jay was about 6 or 7 years of age. Today, their
relationship is cordial but lacks the closeness apparent
between Jay and Dr. Smith. Interactions between Dr. and Mrs.
Smith were sometimes marred by stormy outbursts over seem-
ingly trivial matters. These episodes were always followed by
periods of mutual silence lasting for days.
Jay was very jealous of her first brother, born when she
was 2 years old. Her parents recall that Jay sometimes staged
335
temper tantrums when the new infant demanded and receiv.
murray-personologyfinalll.docx
Henry Murray developed a theory of personality organized around motives, presses, and needs. He described needs as a readiness to respond under certain circumstances. Murray identified primary biological needs and secondary psychological needs. He also developed the Thematic Apperception Test to assess unconscious thoughts and feelings. Murray's theory emphasized that personality is shaped by both innate factors and environmental influences over one's life.
Henry murray
Henry M. Murray was an American psychologist known for developing a theory of personality organized around motives, needs, and presses. He identified 27 psychogenic needs that he believed largely functioned at the unconscious level to shape personality. Murray is also known for developing the Thematic Apperception Test, a projective test designed to assess personality themes and unconscious motivation. He taught psychology and psychoanalytic theory at Harvard University for his entire career.
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Henry Murray's Personology
- 2. Knowledge = to recall Murray’s line of thinking; Skills = to compare the disparities between Murray and Freud’s Divisions of Personality; Attitude = to support Murray’s Personology as a contribution to one’s reservoir of knowledge
- 5. 1938-1988
- 6. Childhood Depression and Compensation 1. Murray’s childhood contained maternal rejection, 2. Elements of Adlerian compensation for a physical defect, 3. The marrow-of-his-being memory
- 7. Maternal Rejection? How was that? =Weaned when he was still 2-month old
- 8. He insisted that his mother’s actions led to his lifelong depression, a condition that formed the core of his personality. Murray referred to his depression as a source of “misery and melancholy” (Murray, 1967). This lack of a childhood attachment to his mother later led Murray to question Freud’s Oedipus complex because it did not coincide to his own experience.
- 9. Keywords : misery = a feeling of great distress or discomfort of mind or body melancholy= a feeling of pensive sadness, typically with no obvious cause
- 11. Adlerian Compensation = was afflicted with crossed eyes, and at the age of 9 = had a speech impediment (a stutter) =After being bested in a schoolyard fight, Murray took up boxing and won the local featherweight championship. He later agreed that “an Adlerian factor was at work” in these childhood efforts to compensate for his disabilities (Murray, 1967, p. 302).
- 12. “ Marrow of His-Being Memory” (at the age of 4 he saw a picture of a sad old woman equally sad to her son )
- 13. Scholastic Background • Graduated from Columbia University Medical School in 1919 • Earned M.A. in Biology and taught Physiology at Harvard • Received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from Cambridge University in 1927 • Became interested in Psychology when he read the book of Carl Jung-Psychological Types
- 15. What then is meant by TAT? Note: Video Clip
- 25. direction to a behavior
- 38. ANALYSIS • What is something special in Murray’s Personology? • What makes Murray’s Id, Superego and Ego different from Freuds’? • Which of Murray’s Principles of Personology more useful to you?
- 59. _____________
- 66. APPLICATION: TERM HUNTS ID PRESS, NEEDS, SUPEREGO, THEMA, EGO,
- 67. 1. _______ are physiologically based hypothetical constructs that arise from internal processes or environmental events 2. ________ is an amalgamation of personal factors (needs) and environmental factors (presses). 3. ________ is shaped by cultural factors 4. ________ is the decision maker of the person’s behavior 5. _________ is the reservoir of tendencies
- 68. Answers: 1. Needs 2. Thema 3. Superego 4. Ego 5. Id