Mobile phones and tablets have substituted newspapers, books, magazines, music players, play stations, etc. which play an integral part in our day to day lives by offering numerous applications with extra-ordinary features offering similar in some cases better functionalities. Android is a software environment built for mobile devices. It is the most popular mobile platform because of ease in operation and range of applications. The existing Android mobiles perform zooming using button controls, pinch and zoom and tap. Our aim is to substitute this existing features with a more comfortable and user- friendly option i.e. to introduce a whole new approach by explicitly zooming according to eye-sight. This feature shall take the input as user’s eyesight and zoomed pages according to that eyesight which not only eradicates the necessity of manual zooming but it can also enable the user to use his phone without the use of spectacles. In case the user wants to choose his own comfortable reading level this feature will allow him to do so.
Mobile phones and tablets have substituted newspapers, books, magazines, music players, play stations, etc. which play an integral part in our day to day lives by offering numerous applications with extra-ordinary features offering similar in some cases better functionalities. Android is a software environment built for mobile devices. It is the most popular mobile platform because of ease in operation and range of applications. The existing Android mobiles perform zooming using button controls, pinch and zoom and tap. Our aim is to substitute this existing features with a more comfortable and user- friendly option i.e. to introduce a whole new approach by explicitly zooming according to eye-sight. This feature shall take the input as user’s eyesight and zoomed pages according to that eyesight which not only eradicates the necessity of manual zooming but it can also enable the user to use his phone without the use of spectacles. In case the user wants to choose his own comfortable reading level this feature will allow him to do so.
Introduction to Android Development.pptxasmeerana605
Android development is the process of creating applications for devices that run on the Android operating system. With over 2.5 billion monthly active devices globally, Android offers a vast and diverse user base for developers to target. Learning Android development involves mastering the principles of Java or Kotlin programming languages, as well as understanding the Android SDK (Software Development Kit) and other relevant tools provided by Google.
Beginners in Android development typically start by learning the fundamentals of programming, such as variables, loops, conditionals, and functions. From there, they delve into more advanced topics specific to Android, such as activities, fragments, intents, layouts, and views, which are essential components for building user interfaces and navigating between screens.
As developers progress, they explore topics like handling user input, accessing device hardware features like the camera and sensors, working with databases to store and retrieve data, integrating APIs for services like maps, notifications, and authentication, and optimizing performance and battery efficiency of their apps.
Baparekraf Digital Talent Day: Monitoring dan Coaching Penerima Fasilitasi BD...DicodingEvent
Baparekraf Digital Talent Day: Monitoring dan Coaching Penerima Fasilitasi BDT TA 2020
Android Session
Nama materi: Membuat Aplikasi Lebih Responsif dengan Android Jetpack
Narasumber: Gilang Ramadhan (Google Associate Android Developer, Curriculum Developer Dicoding)
Android developers use the term layout to mean one of two things. Bo.pdfhimanshukausik409
Android developers use the term layout to mean one of two things. Both definitions apply to this
tutorial, and are, unfortunately used interchangeably in the Android development community.
The two definitions of layout are:
Android user interfaces can be defined as layout resources in XML or created programmatically.
A layout defines the visual structure for a user interface, such as the UI for an activity or app
widget. You can declare a layout in two ways:
The Android framework gives you the flexibility to use either or both of these methods for
declaring and managing your application\'s UI. For example, you could declare your
application\'s default layouts in XML, including the screen elements that will appear in them and
their properties. You could then add code in your application that would modify the state of the
screen objects, including those declared in XML, at run time.
The advantage to declaring your UI in XML is that it enables you to better separate the
presentation of your application from the code that controls its behavior. Your UI descriptions
are external to your application code, which means that you can modify or adapt it without
having to modify your source code and recompile. For example, you can create XML layouts for
different screen orientations, different device screen sizes, and different languages. Additionally,
declaring the layout in XML makes it easier to visualize the structure of your UI, so it\'s easier to
debug problems. As such, this document focuses on teaching you how to declare your layout in
XML. If you\'re interested in instantiating View objects at runtime, refer to theViewGroup and
View class references.
Defining an XML Layout Resource
The most convenient and maintainable way to design application user interfaces is by creating
XML layout resources. This method greatly simplifies the UI design process, moving much of
the static creation and layout of user interface controls and definition of control attributes, to the
XML, instead of littering the code. It creates a potential distinction between UI designers (who
concern themselves more with layout) and developers (who know Java and implement
application functionality). Developers can still alter the content of a screen programmatically
when necessary. Complex controls, like ListView or GridView, are usually populated with data
programmatically.
XML layout resources must be stored in the /res/layout project directory (or, in the case of
alternative resources, in a specially named sub-directory). It’s common practice to create an
XML layout resource for each screen in your application (closely tied to a specific Activity), but
this is not required. You could, in theory, create an XML layout resource and use it for different
activities, supplying different data on the screen. You can also componentized your layout
resources and include them within one another, if needed.
The following is a simple XML layout resource, a template with a LinearLayout con.
The recent explosion in the popularity of apps has seen more and more people set out to develop their own, and the technology behind them has changed as a result. The big technology companies which easily dominated the market in years past have had to become more competitive in order to keep up sales, while people with limited technical skills have sought out simple design modules to enable them to develop their ideas.
Mobile application development is a term used to denote the act or process by which application software is developed for handheld devices, such as personal digital assistants, enterprise digital assistants or mobile phones.
These applications can be pre-installed on phones during manufacturing platforms, or delivered as web applications using server-side or client-side processing (e.g. JavaScript) to provide an "application-like" experience within a Web browser.
Materi yang ada pada slide ini berisi :
Android version
Platform architecture
App Component
Kotlin
Struktur Project
Activity Lifecycle
Melempar Nilai
Layouting LinearLayout
Layouting RelativeLayout
Look And Feel
Custom Buttom
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Keep in touch with me in :
Email : rizkiadamunikom@gmail.com
Want to know about Android, it's founders, it's history, the basics of android, and want answers to questions like is development easy?
well, i have covered a basic reaserch for you to begain with :)
Want to offer me a high paying job, being impressed by my presentation then contact -
https://www.linkedin.com/in/piyush-bhambhani-0093a514b/
(that was a potential joke though)
Android app development SEO Expert Bangladesh LTD.pdfTasnim Jahan
Welcome to
What is website development?
Modern Android Development in 2023
Hello everyone, today I'm going to show you how to create Android apps using the newest trends for 2023.
Disclaimer
This essay is based on my professional experience and opinions. It also takes into account the diverse viewpoints held by the Android developer community and the ongoing revision of the Google for Android instructions.
I must be clear that while I might not have mentioned some extremely intriguing tools, patterns, or architectures, that does not indicate that there aren't any more intriguing options for creating Android applications.
What is android?
Google created the open-source Android operating system, which is based on the Linux kernel. It is utilized in a wide range of gadgets, such as smartwatches, tablets, TVs, and smartphones.
According to a statcounter research using data from a sample of the last 12 months, Android now has a market share of 71.96% for mobile operating systems.
After that, I'll include a number of resources that I believe are crucial for creating cutting-edge Android applications, including tools, libraries, architectures, manuals, and other utilities.
Kotlin
JetBrains created the programming language Kotlin. Google, who made the official announcement in May 2017 (see published here), has recommended it. It is a cutting-edge programming language that can operate on the JVM and is compatible with Java, which has sped up the adoption of Android application development.
Consider Kotlin as your first option Android app development whether you are new to Android or not; don't go against the flow. This strategy was disclosed by Google at Google I/O 2019. You may leverage all the new language features, such as the strength of Coroutines and the utilization of contemporary libraries created for the Android ecosystem, using Kotlin.
Jetpack Compose
The Kotlin programming language is used by Jetpack Compose, a component of the Android Jetpack library, to quickly generate a native user interface. Additionally, it connects with other libraries included with the Android Jetpack, such LiveData and ViewModel, to make it simpler to create responsive and enduring Android applications.
• Jetpack Compose's main features include the following:
• Declarative user interface.
• widgets that are adaptable.
• simple integration with current code.
• instant preview.
• enhanced capability.
• Resources:
• Authenticated records.
• Kotlin Compatibility Map Compose
• Roadmap - Jetpack Compose
• Course
Android Jetpack
In order to free up their time to work on the code they are passionate about, developers may focus on writing code that works reliably across Android versions and devices with the aid of the Jetpack library suite.
Its most typical tools include:
• ViewModel
• Room
• DataStore
• WorkManager
• Navigation
Material Design
The best practices of user interface design are supported by the flexible system of rules, elements, and tools known as Material
Android app development SEO Expert Bangladesh LTD.pdfTasnim Jahan
Welcome to
What is website development?
Modern Android Development in 2023
Hello everyone, today I'm going to show you how to create Android apps using the newest trends for 2023.
Disclaimer
This essay is based on my professional experience and opinions. It also takes into account the diverse viewpoints held by the Android developer community and the ongoing revision of the Google for Android instructions.
I must be clear that while I might not have mentioned some extremely intriguing tools, patterns, or architectures, that does not indicate that there aren't any more intriguing options for creating Android applications.
What is android?
Google created the open-source Android operating system, which is based on the Linux kernel. It is utilized in a wide range of gadgets, such as smartwatches, tablets, TVs, and smartphones.
According to a statcounter research using data from a sample of the last 12 months, Android now has a market share of 71.96% for mobile operating systems.
After that, I'll include a number of resources that I believe are crucial for creating cutting-edge Android applications, including tools, libraries, architectures, manuals, and other utilities.
Kotlin
JetBrains created the programming language Kotlin. Google, who made the official announcement in May 2017 (see published here), has recommended it. It is a cutting-edge programming language that can operate on the JVM and is compatible with Java, which has sped up the adoption of Android application development.
Consider Kotlin as your first option Android app development whether you are new to Android or not; don't go against the flow. This strategy was disclosed by Google at Google I/O 2019. You may leverage all the new language features, such as the strength of Coroutines and the utilization of contemporary libraries created for the Android ecosystem, using Kotlin.
Jetpack Compose
The Kotlin programming language is used by Jetpack Compose, a component of the Android Jetpack library, to quickly generate a native user interface. Additionally, it connects with other libraries included with the Android Jetpack, such LiveData and ViewModel, to make it simpler to create responsive and enduring Android applications.
• Jetpack Compose's main features include the following:
• Declarative user interface.
• widgets that are adaptable.
• simple integration with current code.
• instant preview.
• enhanced capability.
• Resources:
• Authenticated records.
• Kotlin Compatibility Map Compose
• Roadmap - Jetpack Compose
• Course
Android Jetpack
In order to free up their time to work on the code they are passionate about, developers may focus on writing code that works reliably across Android versions and devices with the aid of the Jetpack library suite.
Its most typical tools include:
• ViewModel
• Room
• DataStore
• WorkManager
• Navigation
Material Design
The best practices of user interface design are supported by the flexible system of rules, elements, and tools known as Material
demystifying_the_architectures_of_a_mobile_app_development.pdfsarah david
Explore the secrets of mobile app development in 2023! Uncover the latest trends, including 5G, AI, AR/VR, and more. Learn about mobile app architectures, from layers to iOS and Android specifics. Cuneiform Consulting offers top-notch solutions—contact us for the best in mobile app development!
Android Training | Android Training InstitueIIHT LTD
The Android Training Course offered at IIHT is an absolute choice for youngsters to start a better career in the field of Mobile Application Development. There are several Android Training Centres across India. However, it is also a big part to consider about the quality of the education that is available from the Android Institute. Contact your nearest IIHT Center today to know the details about the Android Training Programme.
Introduction to Android Development.pptxasmeerana605
Android development is the process of creating applications for devices that run on the Android operating system. With over 2.5 billion monthly active devices globally, Android offers a vast and diverse user base for developers to target. Learning Android development involves mastering the principles of Java or Kotlin programming languages, as well as understanding the Android SDK (Software Development Kit) and other relevant tools provided by Google.
Beginners in Android development typically start by learning the fundamentals of programming, such as variables, loops, conditionals, and functions. From there, they delve into more advanced topics specific to Android, such as activities, fragments, intents, layouts, and views, which are essential components for building user interfaces and navigating between screens.
As developers progress, they explore topics like handling user input, accessing device hardware features like the camera and sensors, working with databases to store and retrieve data, integrating APIs for services like maps, notifications, and authentication, and optimizing performance and battery efficiency of their apps.
Baparekraf Digital Talent Day: Monitoring dan Coaching Penerima Fasilitasi BD...DicodingEvent
Baparekraf Digital Talent Day: Monitoring dan Coaching Penerima Fasilitasi BDT TA 2020
Android Session
Nama materi: Membuat Aplikasi Lebih Responsif dengan Android Jetpack
Narasumber: Gilang Ramadhan (Google Associate Android Developer, Curriculum Developer Dicoding)
Android developers use the term layout to mean one of two things. Bo.pdfhimanshukausik409
Android developers use the term layout to mean one of two things. Both definitions apply to this
tutorial, and are, unfortunately used interchangeably in the Android development community.
The two definitions of layout are:
Android user interfaces can be defined as layout resources in XML or created programmatically.
A layout defines the visual structure for a user interface, such as the UI for an activity or app
widget. You can declare a layout in two ways:
The Android framework gives you the flexibility to use either or both of these methods for
declaring and managing your application\'s UI. For example, you could declare your
application\'s default layouts in XML, including the screen elements that will appear in them and
their properties. You could then add code in your application that would modify the state of the
screen objects, including those declared in XML, at run time.
The advantage to declaring your UI in XML is that it enables you to better separate the
presentation of your application from the code that controls its behavior. Your UI descriptions
are external to your application code, which means that you can modify or adapt it without
having to modify your source code and recompile. For example, you can create XML layouts for
different screen orientations, different device screen sizes, and different languages. Additionally,
declaring the layout in XML makes it easier to visualize the structure of your UI, so it\'s easier to
debug problems. As such, this document focuses on teaching you how to declare your layout in
XML. If you\'re interested in instantiating View objects at runtime, refer to theViewGroup and
View class references.
Defining an XML Layout Resource
The most convenient and maintainable way to design application user interfaces is by creating
XML layout resources. This method greatly simplifies the UI design process, moving much of
the static creation and layout of user interface controls and definition of control attributes, to the
XML, instead of littering the code. It creates a potential distinction between UI designers (who
concern themselves more with layout) and developers (who know Java and implement
application functionality). Developers can still alter the content of a screen programmatically
when necessary. Complex controls, like ListView or GridView, are usually populated with data
programmatically.
XML layout resources must be stored in the /res/layout project directory (or, in the case of
alternative resources, in a specially named sub-directory). It’s common practice to create an
XML layout resource for each screen in your application (closely tied to a specific Activity), but
this is not required. You could, in theory, create an XML layout resource and use it for different
activities, supplying different data on the screen. You can also componentized your layout
resources and include them within one another, if needed.
The following is a simple XML layout resource, a template with a LinearLayout con.
The recent explosion in the popularity of apps has seen more and more people set out to develop their own, and the technology behind them has changed as a result. The big technology companies which easily dominated the market in years past have had to become more competitive in order to keep up sales, while people with limited technical skills have sought out simple design modules to enable them to develop their ideas.
Mobile application development is a term used to denote the act or process by which application software is developed for handheld devices, such as personal digital assistants, enterprise digital assistants or mobile phones.
These applications can be pre-installed on phones during manufacturing platforms, or delivered as web applications using server-side or client-side processing (e.g. JavaScript) to provide an "application-like" experience within a Web browser.
Materi yang ada pada slide ini berisi :
Android version
Platform architecture
App Component
Kotlin
Struktur Project
Activity Lifecycle
Melempar Nilai
Layouting LinearLayout
Layouting RelativeLayout
Look And Feel
Custom Buttom
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Keep in touch with me in :
Email : rizkiadamunikom@gmail.com
Want to know about Android, it's founders, it's history, the basics of android, and want answers to questions like is development easy?
well, i have covered a basic reaserch for you to begain with :)
Want to offer me a high paying job, being impressed by my presentation then contact -
https://www.linkedin.com/in/piyush-bhambhani-0093a514b/
(that was a potential joke though)
Android app development SEO Expert Bangladesh LTD.pdfTasnim Jahan
Welcome to
What is website development?
Modern Android Development in 2023
Hello everyone, today I'm going to show you how to create Android apps using the newest trends for 2023.
Disclaimer
This essay is based on my professional experience and opinions. It also takes into account the diverse viewpoints held by the Android developer community and the ongoing revision of the Google for Android instructions.
I must be clear that while I might not have mentioned some extremely intriguing tools, patterns, or architectures, that does not indicate that there aren't any more intriguing options for creating Android applications.
What is android?
Google created the open-source Android operating system, which is based on the Linux kernel. It is utilized in a wide range of gadgets, such as smartwatches, tablets, TVs, and smartphones.
According to a statcounter research using data from a sample of the last 12 months, Android now has a market share of 71.96% for mobile operating systems.
After that, I'll include a number of resources that I believe are crucial for creating cutting-edge Android applications, including tools, libraries, architectures, manuals, and other utilities.
Kotlin
JetBrains created the programming language Kotlin. Google, who made the official announcement in May 2017 (see published here), has recommended it. It is a cutting-edge programming language that can operate on the JVM and is compatible with Java, which has sped up the adoption of Android application development.
Consider Kotlin as your first option Android app development whether you are new to Android or not; don't go against the flow. This strategy was disclosed by Google at Google I/O 2019. You may leverage all the new language features, such as the strength of Coroutines and the utilization of contemporary libraries created for the Android ecosystem, using Kotlin.
Jetpack Compose
The Kotlin programming language is used by Jetpack Compose, a component of the Android Jetpack library, to quickly generate a native user interface. Additionally, it connects with other libraries included with the Android Jetpack, such LiveData and ViewModel, to make it simpler to create responsive and enduring Android applications.
• Jetpack Compose's main features include the following:
• Declarative user interface.
• widgets that are adaptable.
• simple integration with current code.
• instant preview.
• enhanced capability.
• Resources:
• Authenticated records.
• Kotlin Compatibility Map Compose
• Roadmap - Jetpack Compose
• Course
Android Jetpack
In order to free up their time to work on the code they are passionate about, developers may focus on writing code that works reliably across Android versions and devices with the aid of the Jetpack library suite.
Its most typical tools include:
• ViewModel
• Room
• DataStore
• WorkManager
• Navigation
Material Design
The best practices of user interface design are supported by the flexible system of rules, elements, and tools known as Material
Android app development SEO Expert Bangladesh LTD.pdfTasnim Jahan
Welcome to
What is website development?
Modern Android Development in 2023
Hello everyone, today I'm going to show you how to create Android apps using the newest trends for 2023.
Disclaimer
This essay is based on my professional experience and opinions. It also takes into account the diverse viewpoints held by the Android developer community and the ongoing revision of the Google for Android instructions.
I must be clear that while I might not have mentioned some extremely intriguing tools, patterns, or architectures, that does not indicate that there aren't any more intriguing options for creating Android applications.
What is android?
Google created the open-source Android operating system, which is based on the Linux kernel. It is utilized in a wide range of gadgets, such as smartwatches, tablets, TVs, and smartphones.
According to a statcounter research using data from a sample of the last 12 months, Android now has a market share of 71.96% for mobile operating systems.
After that, I'll include a number of resources that I believe are crucial for creating cutting-edge Android applications, including tools, libraries, architectures, manuals, and other utilities.
Kotlin
JetBrains created the programming language Kotlin. Google, who made the official announcement in May 2017 (see published here), has recommended it. It is a cutting-edge programming language that can operate on the JVM and is compatible with Java, which has sped up the adoption of Android application development.
Consider Kotlin as your first option Android app development whether you are new to Android or not; don't go against the flow. This strategy was disclosed by Google at Google I/O 2019. You may leverage all the new language features, such as the strength of Coroutines and the utilization of contemporary libraries created for the Android ecosystem, using Kotlin.
Jetpack Compose
The Kotlin programming language is used by Jetpack Compose, a component of the Android Jetpack library, to quickly generate a native user interface. Additionally, it connects with other libraries included with the Android Jetpack, such LiveData and ViewModel, to make it simpler to create responsive and enduring Android applications.
• Jetpack Compose's main features include the following:
• Declarative user interface.
• widgets that are adaptable.
• simple integration with current code.
• instant preview.
• enhanced capability.
• Resources:
• Authenticated records.
• Kotlin Compatibility Map Compose
• Roadmap - Jetpack Compose
• Course
Android Jetpack
In order to free up their time to work on the code they are passionate about, developers may focus on writing code that works reliably across Android versions and devices with the aid of the Jetpack library suite.
Its most typical tools include:
• ViewModel
• Room
• DataStore
• WorkManager
• Navigation
Material Design
The best practices of user interface design are supported by the flexible system of rules, elements, and tools known as Material
demystifying_the_architectures_of_a_mobile_app_development.pdfsarah david
Explore the secrets of mobile app development in 2023! Uncover the latest trends, including 5G, AI, AR/VR, and more. Learn about mobile app architectures, from layers to iOS and Android specifics. Cuneiform Consulting offers top-notch solutions—contact us for the best in mobile app development!
Android Training | Android Training InstitueIIHT LTD
The Android Training Course offered at IIHT is an absolute choice for youngsters to start a better career in the field of Mobile Application Development. There are several Android Training Centres across India. However, it is also a big part to consider about the quality of the education that is available from the Android Institute. Contact your nearest IIHT Center today to know the details about the Android Training Programme.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
2. TOPICS:
Generic UI Development
Android User
UI AndVUI
User Interface Design
Multichannel and Multimedia Uls
Layouts
Framing
Android Intents and services
Screen Desgin Elements,Drawing,Imaging,Activites,Permission
ImageWith Animation
3. Generic UI Development
• A good User Interface (UI) focuses on making user’s interactions simple and
efficient. User would appreciate a website with intuitive user interface that
leads them towards their task in most engaging way
• Being a UI designer, one need to understand the goals, skills, preferences
and tendencies of the user to make a better interface.
• The Generic User Interface (Generic UI, GUI) framework allows you to
create UI screens using Java and XML. XML is optional but it provides a
declarative approach to the screen layout and reduces the amount of code
which is required for building the user interface.
4.
5. The application screens consist of the
following parts:
• Descriptors – XML files for declarative definition of the screen layout and
data components.
• Controllers – Java classes for handling events generated by the screen and
its UI controls and for programmatic manipulation with the screen
components.
• A screen is a main unit of the generic UI. It contains visual components, data
containers and non-visual components. A screen can be displayed inside the
main application window either in the tab or as a modal dialog.
6. • It is very similar to screen internally, but has
a specific lifecycle and the Fragment visual
component instead ofWindow at the root of
the components tree
• A fragment is another UI building block
which can be used as part of screens
and other fragments
7. o Window – a standalone window that can be
displayed inside the main application
window in a tab or as a modal dialog.
o Fragment – a lightweight component that
can be added to windows or other
fragments.
o Screen – a base class of window controllers.
o ScreenFragment – a base class of fragment
controllers.
8.
9. Android User
• Android is the most popular operating system in the world,
with over 2.5 billion active users spanning over 190 countries.
• Created by Andy Rubin as the open-source alternative to
iPhone and Palm OS, Android quickly became the
favorite operating system for most mobile
manufacturers in the early 2010s.
10. • Android has continued to grow at a remarkable rate through its
popularity in developing countries. In Brazil, India, Indonesia,
Turkey and Vietnam, Android has over 85 percent market share.
11. • User interface (UI) design is the process designers use to build
interfaces in software or computerized devices, focusing on looks
or style
• Designers aim to create interfaces which users find easy to use and
pleasurable.
• UI design refers to graphical user interfaces and other forms—e.g.,
voice-controlled interfaces.
• User interfaces are the access points where users interact with
designs. They come in three formats:
Graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
Voice-controlled interfaces (VUIs)
Gesture-based interfaces
12. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs)—Users interact with visual
representations on digital control panels. A computer’s
desktop is a GUI.
Voice-controlled interfaces (VUIs)—Users interact with
these through their voices. Most smart assistants—e.g., Siri
on iPhone and Alexa on Amazon devices—are VUIs.
Gesture-based interfaces—Users engage with 3D design
spaces through bodily motions: e.g., in virtual reality (VR)
games.
13. Multichannel and Multimodal UI
One of the breakthroughs users can benefit of is
that automatic speech recognition (ASR) improved
highly significant over the last years. ASR now
works good for dictation tasks.
However, dictation is a highly specific use
case which does not require the extraction of
semantics from the utterances. Some
applications use speech input for form filling.
However, filling each single slot by speech
is often not more efficient then typing.
14. The question arises: What are important
challenges in using speech as a “mainstream”
modality?While ASR made significant efforts
within the last years,
e.g. partly driven by the successful application
of deep neural networks, the identification of
the intended semantic for a further processing by
the dialog manager is still a rather difficult
process.
This requires to simplify the usage of NLP
methods for information extraction, dialog
processing and presentation, so that developers
can easily deploy speech interfaces.
Since the Internet is mobile nowadays
and conversational speech is the most
convenient interaction mode of complex
applications
15. Layouts in Android UI Design
Layout Managers (or simply layouts) are said to be extensions of
the ViewGroup class. They are used to set the position of child
Views within the UI we are building.
There is a number of layout classes in the Android SDK. They
can be used, modified or can create your own to make the UI for
your Views, Fragments and Activities.
The most commonly used layout classes that are found in
Android SDK are:
FrameLayout
LinearLayout
RelativeLayout
GridLayout
16. FrameLayout- It is the simplest of the Layout Managers
that pins each child view within its frame. By default the
position is the top-left corner, though the gravity attribute
can be used to alter its locations. You can add multiple
children stacks each new child on top of the one before,
with each new View potentially obscuring the previous
ones.
17. LinearLayout- A LinearLayout aligns each of the child View in
either a vertical or a horizontal line. A vertical layout has a
column of Views, whereas in a horizontal layout there is a row
of Views. It supports a weight attribute for each child View that
can control the relative size of each child View within the
available space.
18. RelativeLayout- It is flexible than other native layouts as it lets us
to define the position of each child View relative to the other views
and the dimensions of the screen.
19. GridLayout- It was introduced in Android 4.0 (API level 14),
the Grid Layout used a rectangular grid of infinitely thin lines
to lay out Views in a series of rows and columns. The Grid
Layout is incredibly flexible and can be used to greatly
simplify layouts and reduce or eliminate the complex nesting
often required to construct UIs using the layouts described
before.
Each of these layouts is designed to scale to suit the screen
size of the host device by avoiding the used of absolute co-
ordinates of the positions or predetermined pixel values.
This makes the app suitable for the diverse set of Android
devices.
20. Android Intent
Android Intent is the message that is passed between
components such as activities, content providers, broadcast
receivers, services etc.
It is generally used with startActivity() method to invoke activity,
broadcast receivers etc.
Android intents are mainly used to:
• Start the service
•Launch an activity
•Display a web page
•Display a list of contacts
•Broadcast a message
•Dial a phone call etc.
21. Types of Android Intents
There are two types of intents in android: implicit and
explicit.
1) Implicit Intent
Implicit Intent doesn't specifiy the component. In such
case, intent provides information of available components
provided by the system that is to be invoked.
For example, you may write the following code to view the
webpage.
1.Intent intent=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
2.intent.setData(Uri.parse("http://www.javatpoint.com"));
3.startActivity(intent);
22. 2) Explicit Intent
Explicit Intent specifies the component. In such case,
intent provides the external class to be invoked.
1.Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), ActivityTwo.class);
2.startActivity(i);
23. Basic Types of Screens:
Smartphones have invaded almost every activity of our
lives. Different applications assist us and make life easier.
A designer’s job is to create the user interface meeting
users’ needs and making the experience pleasant and
satisfying.
Splash screen:
The first impression is one of the key points influencing the
user’s opinion about a mobile application.
When the user experience is pleasant from the very
beginning of interactions with an app, there are more chances
it’ll be more popular among users.
24. Home and menu screens:
Home screen is an essential part of any application.
In the context of mobile apps, it’s the main screen from
which users interact with most options of the application.
Home screens are designed depending on the type of
product and its purpose still there are some key elements
common for different kinds.
25. Log-in and profile screens:
Today many applications offer users creating their personal
accounts, so every designer needs to know how to work with log-in and
profile screens.
Log in screens should be minimalistic and clear so that users could
easily access the application.
26. Stats screen:
Various applications contain stats on user activities. The
more data it provides, the harder it is to create a mobile
design of a stats screen.
Designers need to make sure it is possible to see all the key
information still the screen has to be clear and usable.
27. Calendar:
Event apps, to-do list apps, and many others provide
users with the personal calendar.
Depending on the type of the application, the calendar
accomplishes certain functions such as remindings or
schedule.
The visual style should fit the mood and objectives of
the mobile app.
28. Animation in Android
Animation is the process of adding a motion effect to any
view, image, or text.
Animation in Android is generally used to give your UI a rich
look and feel.
The animations are basically of three types as follows
1.Property Animation
2.View Animation
3.Drawable Animation
29. Property Animation
Property Animation is one of the robust frameworks which
allows animating almost everything.
This is one of the powerful and flexible animations which
was introduced in Android 3.0.
30. View Animation
View Animation can be used to add animation to a specific view
to perform tweened animation on views.
Tweened animation calculates animation information such as
size, rotation, start point, and endpoint.
The example ofView Animation can be seen in Expandable
RecyclerView.
31. Drawable Animation
Drawable Animation is used if you want to animate one
image over another.
The simple way to understand is to animate drawable is to
load the series of drawable one after another to create an
animation.
A simple example of drawable animation can be seen in many
apps Splash screen on apps logo animation.