HELIS - High energy lithium sulphur cells and batteries

This project has received funding from the
[European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation programme under grant agreement
No 666221
HELIS
High energy lithium
sulphur cells and
batteries
Robert Dominko
National Institute of Chemistry, Slovenia

This work has been supported by EU projects HELIS
(H2020-NMP-17-2014) grant agreement No 666221
http://www.helis-project.eu/
HELIS administrative information
4 Alistore – ERI laboratories (http://alistore.eu/ )
14 partners from 7 countries – 2 large enterprises, 3 SMEs,
3 knowledge transfer institutions and 6 research laboratories.

Type of action Project
budget
EU Funding Project
Start-End
CP – collaborative
project
€ 7.97 M € 7.97 M 1st June 2015
31st May 2019
EC Call NMP-17-2014: Post-lithium ion batteries for electric automotive
applications
Partners SAFT SAS, PSA, Solvionic, Picosun, Accurec, INERIS, CNRS, IREQ, Chalmers
University, Fraunhofer, Tel Aviv University, Munster University, Max Planck, NIC
Target &
Deliverables
- Energy density, power, durability, ageing, safety, battery packs,
recycling, modeling, scale up of components from EUROLIS
Overall
Approach
M1,
Kick off
meeting
M2.
Prototypes
for ageing
study
M3.
Improved
prototypes
(separator)
M5.Improved
prototypes
(protected
lithium)
October 2018
June 2015
October 2017
June 2016

Engineered cathode composite (WP3)
- Need for adjusted porosity for selected electrolyte
- Electrode engineering (role of mesopores)
- TRL level 4 (typical laboratory batch 2kg)
Cathode composite engineering and development
Approach
Approach:
- Scale up of components
- New binders
- Mechanisms (Li2S formation)
- Optimization of electrodes
Results achieved:
- 4 mgS/cm2 electrode loading
- New binders
- Understanding role of pores
- Li2S formation (different morphology)
Activities
&
Status
0 10 20
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
dischargecapacity/mAhg
-1
cycle number
0,90
0,92
0,94
0,96
0,98
1,00
coulombicefficiency
4mgS/cm
2
loading
6mL/gS
sulphur:electrolyte ratio

Electrolytes and additives (WP4)
- Study of polysulphide solubility versus solvent properties
- Design of electrolyte
- TRL level 4-5 (selected electrolyte composition prepared for prototype cells)
Cathode composite engineering and development
Approach
1 M LiTFSI TFEE:DOL electrolyte
TFEE - 1,2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
10.0 µL/mg S
U/VvsLi/Li+
Specific capacity / mAh/gS
6.5 µL/mg S
0 10 20 30 40
0
500
1000
1500
6.5 µL/mgS
capacity
10 µL/mgS
capacity
6.5 µL/mgS
efficiency
10 µL/mgS
efficiency
Dischargecapacity/mAh/gS
cycle number
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
coulombicefficiency

Lithium anode and separators (WP5)
- Lithium surface protected with artificial „SEI“
- Ion selective separators (blocking polysulphides)
- TRL<3 (by end of project we plan prepare larger quantities of protected lithium)
Lithium anode and separators
Approach
Li (We) Separator Li (Ce)
Artificial „SEI“ – F-graphene
2.3µL/cm2

Lithium anode and separators (WP5)
- Celgard separator coated with Al2O3 by ALD
- Different coating thickness
- Other elements are in testing procedure
ALD coated separators
Approach
Activities
&
Status
0 10 20 30 40
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
cycle No.
2 layers Cel. 2320
layer Cel.2320+ 8.5nm Al2
O3
coating
layer Cel.2320+ 21nm Al2
O3
coating
layer Cel.2320+ 43nm Al2
O3
coating
Capacity/mAh/g
Picosun 21nm Picosun 43 nmPicosun 8.5nm

Modelling-based assessment and optimization
of components and cells (WP6)
- Structural and operational modelling of composite cathodes;
- Atomistic/molecular modelling of polysulfide/electrolyte interactions (solubility, diffusion, migration, etc.);
- Physical modelling of cells and ageing mechanisms
Inter-particle region Mesoporous region
Objectives

- Incorporation of components into 3 different generations of prototypes .
- D-size cells produced at SAFT
- TRL 4
Prototypes and battery packs
Approach
Activities
&
Status
Prototypes (WP7)
Capacity > 3 Ah, but high amount of electrolyte (6 mL/gS)

- Safety tests (nail penetration, overheating, overcharge, short-circuit);
- Failure mechanism (post-mortem analysis);
- Study of gas evolution.
Stability test on a D-size cell
Safety tests (WP8)
0 10 20 30
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
T+
TS1
TS2
T-
Temperature(°C)
Time (h)
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Voltage
Thermal stability test
Initial weight : 69.5 g
Final weight : 53.5 g
à Loss of 16%
Initial length : 60 mm
Final length : 66 mm
à Increase of 10%
Objectives

- Modelling and design of dedicated recycling process for Li-S cells and battery packs ;
- Installation and test of process on a technical scale
Stability test on a D-size cell
Recycling (WP9)
Input (S) Residue (S) Sulfur separated
100% 8% 92%
Sulphur separation efficiency
Input: Li-S battery (from SAFT)
400°C, 1-2 mbar, 1 h
Residue
Input Residue Condensate Loss (gas)
100% 67% 3% 30%
Mass balance:
Objectives

Indicator Units used Project
objective
Current
achievements
Energy density Wh/kg 500 Wh/kg 200 Wh/kg
Cycle life years 5 years or 1000
cycles
> 100 cycles
Power W/kg Charging at 2C 1C charging
Price EUR/kWh <150 /
safety / Safe Needs to be
improved

- Engineering of carbon host matrix (based on modelling);
- New electrolytes
• Low quantity
• High safety
- Modified separators
- Data obtained from safety and ageing tests
- Recycling procedure
- Lithium metal protection?
Impact

HELIS - High energy lithium sulphur cells and batteries

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