This document summarizes the history and development of helicopters from Leonardo Da Vinci's early sketches in 1480 to the first practical helicopter in 1933. It describes key developments such as Forlanini using steam power in 1800 and Cornu's piloted flight in 1907. The document also explains the basic flying principles of helicopters, including how main and tail rotors provide lift and control directional movement, allowing helicopters to hover and fly in any direction.

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2. History .
Flying principle.
Wing shape .
Purpose of main rotor and Tail rotor
How it moves in all direction .
Conclusion .

3. 1480: Leonardo Da Vinci sketches
his flying machine. This was
the first time that an
aerial Screw is used for
flying. His Machine is considered
to be the first helicopter.

4. 1800: Forlanini (Italy)Used steam
Engine Counter-rotating “butterfly” wings
Could ascend (without pilot) to 40
feet for about 20 minutes.

5. 1907:1907: Cornu (France) First piloted
Helicopter. Flew for few seconds
Used internal combustion engine
No controls but well balanced.

6. 19331933:: The gyroplane laboratoire wasThe gyroplane laboratoire was
the first practical helicopter.the first practical helicopter.
This helicopter set new recordsThis helicopter set new records
for height (158m), distancefor height (158m), distance
(circle with 500m diameter), and(circle with 500m diameter), and

7. Daniel Bernoulli principle
Its states that where speed
of fluid will be fast
pressure will be low and
where speed will be low
pressure will be high.

8. The wing are designed in such a way
the upper surface is curved and lower
surface is flat.
Air flowing over the top surface travels
faster than the air under the wing.

9.  This cause the pressure of
the air on the top of
the wing to be lower,
and therefore the aircraft is
sucked up by this lower
pressure.

10. The curve surface is not
Sufficient for lift . Pilot changes
angle of attack (not >45) gives more
pitch to the wing more
air strike wing increase pressure
under wing. Which cause lift.

12.  The main purpose of rotor
is to lift .When wing
rotates in air the air
above the wing is move
faster as compared to below
it increase the pressure below
which cause for lift.

13.  The lifting force is produced
by the rotors. As they
spin they cut into the air
and produce lift. Each blade
produces an equal share of
the lifting force.
.

14. Spinning the rotor against the
air causes lift, allowing the
helicopter to rise vertically or
hover.
Tilting the spinning rotor will
cause flight in the direction
of the tilt

15. When a helicopter mover along
circular path it needs centripetal
force which is also provided
by main rotor .

17.  The tail rotor is very
important. If we spin a
rotor using an engine, the
rotor will rotate, but the
engine and the helicopter will
try to rotate in the_

18. _opposite direction.
 This is called torque action
The tail rotor is used
like a small propeller, to
pull against torque reaction and
hold the helicopter straight.

19.  To take a turn toward left
or right direction tail rotor
is necessary because it is
responsible for turn.

20. Helicopter is very useful machine
because it can move any
direction even can suspend in air .
It not need run way.
It can be used for
rescue and war process .

21. Thank you