This document discusses advances in oncological PET imaging. It begins by outlining limitations of current PET/CT imaging related to false positives, false negatives, and radiation exposure. It then describes several advances in PET imaging including new radiotracers for tumor characterization, instrumentation improvements, software enhancements to reduce radiation dose, and hybrid PET/MRI imaging. The document provides examples of how various new radiotracers beyond FDG can provide clinical benefits for tumor imaging and characterization.
MRI is useful in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of prostate cancer. It can visualize the prostate gland and detect tumors, assess extracapsular spread and seminal vesicle invasion, and detect bone metastases. The standard MRI protocol includes T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences. Prostate cancer appears as a low T2 signal, exhibits restricted diffusion, and shows early contrast enhancement and washout. While other conditions like BPH, inflammation, and radiation effects can mimic cancer, MRI findings along with PSA, biopsy and clinical data are used to evaluate patients. MRI also helps plan and guide radiation therapy and assess treatment response or recurrence.
TransCode Therapeutics Inc is an RNA oncology company. It is created to defeat the cancer through the intelligent design and effective delivery of RNA therapeutics. The company's lead therapeutic candidate, TTX-MC138, is focused on treating metastatic cancer, which has the potential to produce regression without recurrence in a range of cancers, including breast, pancreatic, ovarian and colon cancer, glioblastomas and others.
This document discusses the use of positron emission tomography (PET) in oncology. It describes how PET provides functional imaging through detection of radiolabeled tracers like 18F-FDG. PET is shown to be useful for staging and restaging of various cancers like lung cancer, lymphoma, colorectal cancer and melanoma. It has higher sensitivity than other modalities for detecting tumor recurrence or metastatic disease. The document also reviews reimbursement guidelines and practical aspects of PET imaging.
This document discusses advances in oncological PET imaging. It begins by outlining limitations of current PET/CT imaging related to false positives, false negatives, and radiation exposure. It then describes several advances in PET imaging including new radiotracers for tumor characterization, instrumentation improvements, software enhancements to reduce radiation dose, and hybrid PET/MRI imaging. The document provides examples of how various new radiotracers beyond FDG can provide clinical benefits for tumor imaging and characterization.
MRI is useful in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of prostate cancer. It can visualize the prostate gland and detect tumors, assess extracapsular spread and seminal vesicle invasion, and detect bone metastases. The standard MRI protocol includes T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences. Prostate cancer appears as a low T2 signal, exhibits restricted diffusion, and shows early contrast enhancement and washout. While other conditions like BPH, inflammation, and radiation effects can mimic cancer, MRI findings along with PSA, biopsy and clinical data are used to evaluate patients. MRI also helps plan and guide radiation therapy and assess treatment response or recurrence.
TransCode Therapeutics Inc is an RNA oncology company. It is created to defeat the cancer through the intelligent design and effective delivery of RNA therapeutics. The company's lead therapeutic candidate, TTX-MC138, is focused on treating metastatic cancer, which has the potential to produce regression without recurrence in a range of cancers, including breast, pancreatic, ovarian and colon cancer, glioblastomas and others.
This document discusses the use of positron emission tomography (PET) in oncology. It describes how PET provides functional imaging through detection of radiolabeled tracers like 18F-FDG. PET is shown to be useful for staging and restaging of various cancers like lung cancer, lymphoma, colorectal cancer and melanoma. It has higher sensitivity than other modalities for detecting tumor recurrence or metastatic disease. The document also reviews reimbursement guidelines and practical aspects of PET imaging.
This document discusses the use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the treatment of cervical cancer. It provides an overview of the history and technological advances in radiation therapy for cervical cancer. It then discusses several studies comparing IMRT to conventional radiation therapy, showing benefits of IMRT such as reduced toxicity and ability to escalate dose. The document also considers integrating IMRT and brachytherapy to further optimize treatment.
The document discusses radiation treatment of pelvic lymph nodes in prostate cancer. It summarizes several key studies that have evaluated treating lymph nodes in patients with suspected lymph node involvement (cNx) or positive lymph nodes (pN+). Treating lymph nodes reduced the risk of recurrence compared to prostate-only radiation. However, whole pelvic radiation was associated with increased side effects. Newer intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques can reduce toxicity while adequately treating lymph node regions. An upcoming study called ART-2 aims to evaluate the benefit of radiation treatment of pelvic lymph nodes for pN+ patients after prostatectomy.
This document summarizes current radiation therapy techniques for prostate cancer, including new advances in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). IMRT allows higher, more conformal radiation doses to better treat the prostate while reducing toxicity risks to surrounding organs. IGRT uses daily imaging to ensure accurate targeting of the prostate, which can move from day to day. Studies are exploring whether IGRT provides benefits over traditional radiation therapy and which imaging methods are most effective. Long-term results now show radiation therapy can achieve equal cure rates to surgery for early-stage prostate cancer when using modern techniques.
Radiotherapy For Non Small Cell Lung Cancerfondas vakalis
- The document discusses treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and combinations.
- For early stage NSCLC (stages I-II), surgery is the standard treatment but radiotherapy is an alternative for medically inoperable patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy may improve outcomes for stage II.
- For locally advanced NSCLC (stage III), combined modality treatment is usually recommended, with concurrent chemoradiotherapy being superior to sequential treatment for stage IIIB.
SBRT versus Surgery in Early lung cancer : DebateRuchir Bhandari
This document discusses stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) versus surgery for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SBRT delivers a high dose of precision radiation to the tumor target in 1-5 fractions. Several studies have shown comparable survival and recurrence rates between lobectomy and sublobar resection for stage I lung cancer. SBRT has comparable or better local tumor control and survival rates than conventional radiation therapy for early stage NSCLC, with fewer side effects. While surgery may remain the standard of care, SBRT has emerged as a viable alternative to surgery for medically inoperable early stage NSCLC patients, with some studies investigating its use in operable patients as well.
1. PET/CT is useful for diagnosing and staging gynecologic cancers like cervical and ovarian cancer by identifying lymph node and distant metastases that may be missed by conventional methods.
2. A study of 120 cervical cancer patients found that PET/CT identified more extensive disease in 20% of patients compared to conventional staging, including para-aortic lymph node metastases.
3. PET/CT improves radiotherapy planning for cervical cancer by precisely locating tumor tissue and organs at risk, allowing dose escalation with techniques like IMRT while reducing dose to surrounding healthy tissues.
This document summarizes key points about radiotherapy options for early stage prostate cancer treatment. It discusses dose escalation studies showing improved outcomes with higher radiation doses. New techniques like IMRT and IGRT have improved precision and reduced side effects. Ongoing studies are further exploring dose escalation and hypofractionated regimens, as well as combining radiotherapy with hormone therapy or novel techniques to reduce rectal toxicity.
MRgFUS in Locally Non-Advanced Prostate CancerINSIGHTEC Ltd
MR guided Focused Ultrasound in Locally Non-Advanced Prostate Cancer
MRgFUS
Sapienza University of Rome
Dpt of Radiological Sciences
MR guided Focused Ultrasound Therapy 2011
September 22-23 2011
Rome
1) Image guidance is crucial for prostate radiotherapy given the need for dose escalation and tighter margins with IMRT/hypofractionation.
2) Both interfraction and intrafraction prostate motion occur randomly and can be significant without image guidance.
3) Implanted fiducial markers provide accurate localization and decrease setup errors compared to soft tissue imaging.
4) While image guidance reduces systematic errors, random errors still occur daily requiring daily imaging for optimal targeting.
5) Correcting for interfraction and intrafraction motion through real-time tracking and adaptive replanning may improve outcomes by reducing toxicity and failure rates through better dose conformity.
This document discusses prostate cancer and its treatment with radiation therapy. It provides details on:
1) The anatomy of the prostate gland and the cell types that compose normal prostate epithelium.
2) A case presentation of a 72-year-old male with high-risk prostate cancer.
3) Guidelines for risk stratification and treatment recommendations including neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy followed by radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy.
Cervix cancer is the fourth most common gynecologic cancer in women. Screening through regular pap smears can lower the risk of cervix cancer by 80%. Treatment depends on the stage - early stages may be treated with surgery or radiation while more advanced stages involve radiation with chemotherapy. Radiation uses external beam radiation to the pelvis and internal radiation through brachytherapy applicators in the cervix and vagina. Side effects result from radiation to nearby organs like the bowel, bladder, and ovaries.
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the prostate gland, including its location, lobes, and zones where cancer is most common. It then covers the causes, symptoms, incidence, and risk factors of prostate cancer. Several diagnostic examinations are outlined, including digital rectal examination, ultrasound, biopsy, and tests to determine tumor staging and lymph node involvement. Treatment planning techniques like simulation, localization, and dosimetry are described. Common treatment modalities are radiation therapy using external beam radiotherapy techniques like four field technique, and side effects of treatment are mentioned.
1. The document discusses studies comparing adjuvant radiation therapy to salvage radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients with adverse pathological features after radical prostatectomy.
2. The EORTC 22911 trial randomized over 1000 patients to either observation or adjuvant radiation and found significantly improved biochemical progression-free survival with adjuvant radiation.
3. Other large trials including SWOG and ARO 96-02 also found benefits to adjuvant radiation in reducing risks of biochemical recurrence, distant metastases and death from prostate cancer.
Radiation Oncology Speciality by Dr.Majed AlghamdiMajed Alghamdi
This document discusses radiation oncology and radiation therapy. It begins with an overview of the history and development of radiotherapy. It then describes the roles of various professionals involved in radiation oncology. The document outlines different types of radiation therapy including external beam radiotherapy techniques like IMRT and VMAT as well as brachytherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery. It provides examples of how different radiation therapy techniques are used to treat various cancer sites. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the field of radiation oncology and the various radiation therapy options available to treat cancer.
This document discusses stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early stage lung cancer patients who cannot undergo surgery. It describes how SBRT delivers a high radiation dose to the tumor in just 1-5 sessions. Studies show SBRT provides improved tumor control compared to conventional radiotherapy, with surprisingly low toxicity. Early investigations found 3-year tumor control rates of 60-80% with SBRT, similar to surgery. Larger prospective trials of SBRT for medically inoperable early stage lung cancer patients demonstrated 3-year local control of 90-98% and low risks of side effects. SBRT provides an effective non-invasive alternative to surgery for these high-risk patients.
This document discusses radiation therapy options after prostate cancer surgery. Post-operative (adjuvant) radiation therapy may be recommended if the pathology report finds adverse features like positive margins or extracapsular extension, as it can reduce cancer recurrence. Salvage radiation is an option if the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level begins rising after surgery, and works best with low PSA levels and higher radiation doses. Studies show adjuvant and salvage radiation can improve survival rates versus surgery alone or observation for patients with high-risk features. Newer radiation techniques like image-guided IMRT may lower side effects and boost cure rates compared to earlier methods.
1) The study developed an intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique for post-operative prostate bed irradiation and compared it to the standard 4-field box technique.
2) IMRT achieved better sparing of the rectal wall and bladder wall from radiation while still providing adequate target coverage.
3) Acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity rates were lower with IMRT compared to the standard technique.
The document discusses breast cancer treatment recommendations including:
- No radiation therapy is recommended for early stage DCIS or invasive breast cancer.
- A tumor bed boost is recommended for higher risk patients but large trials found no survival difference with or without a boost.
- Hypofractionated whole breast radiation has become a standard option based on trials showing no difference in survival outcomes compared to conventional fractionation.
- Several trials investigated omitting axillary lymph node dissection or radiation with favorable results for select patient groups with low tumor burden.
1) Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in elderly men and early detection can lead to complete cure. Accurate localization and staging is important for treatment planning.
2) While prostate biopsy is the standard diagnostic technique, ultrasound has low sensitivity and the biopsy is essentially blind. Multi-parametric MRI can improve biopsy results by localizing suspicious areas for targeted biopsy and assessing extra-prostatic extension and clinical staging.
3) The study evaluated 50 patients undergoing multi-parametric MRI and biopsy to diagnose prostate cancer. MRI showed high specificity and sensitivity over clinical assessment alone in diagnosing and staging prostate cancer.
This document describes a case of a 73-year-old man who presented with neurological symptoms and was found to have a brain lesion that was determined to be a solitary cerebral metastasis. Further investigation did not reveal the primary site. The patient underwent resection of the brain lesion, which was determined to be metastatic prostate cancer based on histopathology. Subsequent multiparametric MRI of the prostate revealed a lesion highly suggestive of prostate cancer. The document argues that multiparametric MRI of the prostate should be included in the diagnostic workup for patients presenting with cerebral metastases of unknown primary, as it may help identify occult prostate primary cancers earlier and guide more targeted treatment.
This document discusses the use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the treatment of cervical cancer. It provides an overview of the history and technological advances in radiation therapy for cervical cancer. It then discusses several studies comparing IMRT to conventional radiation therapy, showing benefits of IMRT such as reduced toxicity and ability to escalate dose. The document also considers integrating IMRT and brachytherapy to further optimize treatment.
The document discusses radiation treatment of pelvic lymph nodes in prostate cancer. It summarizes several key studies that have evaluated treating lymph nodes in patients with suspected lymph node involvement (cNx) or positive lymph nodes (pN+). Treating lymph nodes reduced the risk of recurrence compared to prostate-only radiation. However, whole pelvic radiation was associated with increased side effects. Newer intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques can reduce toxicity while adequately treating lymph node regions. An upcoming study called ART-2 aims to evaluate the benefit of radiation treatment of pelvic lymph nodes for pN+ patients after prostatectomy.
This document summarizes current radiation therapy techniques for prostate cancer, including new advances in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). IMRT allows higher, more conformal radiation doses to better treat the prostate while reducing toxicity risks to surrounding organs. IGRT uses daily imaging to ensure accurate targeting of the prostate, which can move from day to day. Studies are exploring whether IGRT provides benefits over traditional radiation therapy and which imaging methods are most effective. Long-term results now show radiation therapy can achieve equal cure rates to surgery for early-stage prostate cancer when using modern techniques.
Radiotherapy For Non Small Cell Lung Cancerfondas vakalis
- The document discusses treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and combinations.
- For early stage NSCLC (stages I-II), surgery is the standard treatment but radiotherapy is an alternative for medically inoperable patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy may improve outcomes for stage II.
- For locally advanced NSCLC (stage III), combined modality treatment is usually recommended, with concurrent chemoradiotherapy being superior to sequential treatment for stage IIIB.
SBRT versus Surgery in Early lung cancer : DebateRuchir Bhandari
This document discusses stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) versus surgery for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SBRT delivers a high dose of precision radiation to the tumor target in 1-5 fractions. Several studies have shown comparable survival and recurrence rates between lobectomy and sublobar resection for stage I lung cancer. SBRT has comparable or better local tumor control and survival rates than conventional radiation therapy for early stage NSCLC, with fewer side effects. While surgery may remain the standard of care, SBRT has emerged as a viable alternative to surgery for medically inoperable early stage NSCLC patients, with some studies investigating its use in operable patients as well.
1. PET/CT is useful for diagnosing and staging gynecologic cancers like cervical and ovarian cancer by identifying lymph node and distant metastases that may be missed by conventional methods.
2. A study of 120 cervical cancer patients found that PET/CT identified more extensive disease in 20% of patients compared to conventional staging, including para-aortic lymph node metastases.
3. PET/CT improves radiotherapy planning for cervical cancer by precisely locating tumor tissue and organs at risk, allowing dose escalation with techniques like IMRT while reducing dose to surrounding healthy tissues.
This document summarizes key points about radiotherapy options for early stage prostate cancer treatment. It discusses dose escalation studies showing improved outcomes with higher radiation doses. New techniques like IMRT and IGRT have improved precision and reduced side effects. Ongoing studies are further exploring dose escalation and hypofractionated regimens, as well as combining radiotherapy with hormone therapy or novel techniques to reduce rectal toxicity.
MRgFUS in Locally Non-Advanced Prostate CancerINSIGHTEC Ltd
MR guided Focused Ultrasound in Locally Non-Advanced Prostate Cancer
MRgFUS
Sapienza University of Rome
Dpt of Radiological Sciences
MR guided Focused Ultrasound Therapy 2011
September 22-23 2011
Rome
1) Image guidance is crucial for prostate radiotherapy given the need for dose escalation and tighter margins with IMRT/hypofractionation.
2) Both interfraction and intrafraction prostate motion occur randomly and can be significant without image guidance.
3) Implanted fiducial markers provide accurate localization and decrease setup errors compared to soft tissue imaging.
4) While image guidance reduces systematic errors, random errors still occur daily requiring daily imaging for optimal targeting.
5) Correcting for interfraction and intrafraction motion through real-time tracking and adaptive replanning may improve outcomes by reducing toxicity and failure rates through better dose conformity.
This document discusses prostate cancer and its treatment with radiation therapy. It provides details on:
1) The anatomy of the prostate gland and the cell types that compose normal prostate epithelium.
2) A case presentation of a 72-year-old male with high-risk prostate cancer.
3) Guidelines for risk stratification and treatment recommendations including neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy followed by radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy.
Cervix cancer is the fourth most common gynecologic cancer in women. Screening through regular pap smears can lower the risk of cervix cancer by 80%. Treatment depends on the stage - early stages may be treated with surgery or radiation while more advanced stages involve radiation with chemotherapy. Radiation uses external beam radiation to the pelvis and internal radiation through brachytherapy applicators in the cervix and vagina. Side effects result from radiation to nearby organs like the bowel, bladder, and ovaries.
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the prostate gland, including its location, lobes, and zones where cancer is most common. It then covers the causes, symptoms, incidence, and risk factors of prostate cancer. Several diagnostic examinations are outlined, including digital rectal examination, ultrasound, biopsy, and tests to determine tumor staging and lymph node involvement. Treatment planning techniques like simulation, localization, and dosimetry are described. Common treatment modalities are radiation therapy using external beam radiotherapy techniques like four field technique, and side effects of treatment are mentioned.
1. The document discusses studies comparing adjuvant radiation therapy to salvage radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients with adverse pathological features after radical prostatectomy.
2. The EORTC 22911 trial randomized over 1000 patients to either observation or adjuvant radiation and found significantly improved biochemical progression-free survival with adjuvant radiation.
3. Other large trials including SWOG and ARO 96-02 also found benefits to adjuvant radiation in reducing risks of biochemical recurrence, distant metastases and death from prostate cancer.
Radiation Oncology Speciality by Dr.Majed AlghamdiMajed Alghamdi
This document discusses radiation oncology and radiation therapy. It begins with an overview of the history and development of radiotherapy. It then describes the roles of various professionals involved in radiation oncology. The document outlines different types of radiation therapy including external beam radiotherapy techniques like IMRT and VMAT as well as brachytherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery. It provides examples of how different radiation therapy techniques are used to treat various cancer sites. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the field of radiation oncology and the various radiation therapy options available to treat cancer.
This document discusses stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early stage lung cancer patients who cannot undergo surgery. It describes how SBRT delivers a high radiation dose to the tumor in just 1-5 sessions. Studies show SBRT provides improved tumor control compared to conventional radiotherapy, with surprisingly low toxicity. Early investigations found 3-year tumor control rates of 60-80% with SBRT, similar to surgery. Larger prospective trials of SBRT for medically inoperable early stage lung cancer patients demonstrated 3-year local control of 90-98% and low risks of side effects. SBRT provides an effective non-invasive alternative to surgery for these high-risk patients.
This document discusses radiation therapy options after prostate cancer surgery. Post-operative (adjuvant) radiation therapy may be recommended if the pathology report finds adverse features like positive margins or extracapsular extension, as it can reduce cancer recurrence. Salvage radiation is an option if the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level begins rising after surgery, and works best with low PSA levels and higher radiation doses. Studies show adjuvant and salvage radiation can improve survival rates versus surgery alone or observation for patients with high-risk features. Newer radiation techniques like image-guided IMRT may lower side effects and boost cure rates compared to earlier methods.
1) The study developed an intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique for post-operative prostate bed irradiation and compared it to the standard 4-field box technique.
2) IMRT achieved better sparing of the rectal wall and bladder wall from radiation while still providing adequate target coverage.
3) Acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity rates were lower with IMRT compared to the standard technique.
The document discusses breast cancer treatment recommendations including:
- No radiation therapy is recommended for early stage DCIS or invasive breast cancer.
- A tumor bed boost is recommended for higher risk patients but large trials found no survival difference with or without a boost.
- Hypofractionated whole breast radiation has become a standard option based on trials showing no difference in survival outcomes compared to conventional fractionation.
- Several trials investigated omitting axillary lymph node dissection or radiation with favorable results for select patient groups with low tumor burden.
1) Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in elderly men and early detection can lead to complete cure. Accurate localization and staging is important for treatment planning.
2) While prostate biopsy is the standard diagnostic technique, ultrasound has low sensitivity and the biopsy is essentially blind. Multi-parametric MRI can improve biopsy results by localizing suspicious areas for targeted biopsy and assessing extra-prostatic extension and clinical staging.
3) The study evaluated 50 patients undergoing multi-parametric MRI and biopsy to diagnose prostate cancer. MRI showed high specificity and sensitivity over clinical assessment alone in diagnosing and staging prostate cancer.
This document describes a case of a 73-year-old man who presented with neurological symptoms and was found to have a brain lesion that was determined to be a solitary cerebral metastasis. Further investigation did not reveal the primary site. The patient underwent resection of the brain lesion, which was determined to be metastatic prostate cancer based on histopathology. Subsequent multiparametric MRI of the prostate revealed a lesion highly suggestive of prostate cancer. The document argues that multiparametric MRI of the prostate should be included in the diagnostic workup for patients presenting with cerebral metastases of unknown primary, as it may help identify occult prostate primary cancers earlier and guide more targeted treatment.
UMC St Radboud, Innovatieve imaging biedt grote kansen voor betere iagnostiek...Health Valley
1. The document discusses using innovative medical imaging techniques to improve prostate cancer diagnosis, treatment, and research through translational research.
2. Multi-modality MRI, MR-guided biopsies, advanced contrast agents, and computer-assisted analysis can help determine cancer aggression, improve detection and localization, aid staging and detection of metastases.
3. Collaboration between clinicians and researchers has potential to develop personalized treatment and screening to optimize outcomes.
DIFFERENT IMAGING MODALITIES USED FOR THE DETECTION OF PROSTATE CANCER – A RE...IRJET Journal
The document discusses various imaging modalities used to detect prostate cancer, including multiparametric ultrasound, multiparametric MRI, MRI-ultrasound fusion imaging, and positron emission tomography. It provides details on prostate anatomy, cancer grading, and treatment options to provide context. The modalities are compared in terms of their ability to detect characteristics like tissue alterations, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread. Limitations and potential improvements to the modalities are also reviewed.
PI-RADS v2 is a standardized reporting system for multiparametric MRI of the prostate to improve detection and characterization of prostate cancer. It assesses T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging on a 1-5 scale. A score of 1 indicates cancer is highly unlikely while 5 indicates cancer is highly likely. PI-RADS v2 aims to improve outcomes for patients by facilitating targeted biopsies and treatment decisions. While it has good performance, limitations include not addressing recurrent cancer or other body parts. Further studies are still needed to validate its accuracy and reduce interpreter variability.
Prostate MRI provides a remarkable advancement in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment by allowing doctors to accurately visualize, characterize, and stage prostate cancers. Prior methods like PSA screening and random biopsies were inaccurate and missed many aggressive cancers. Prostate MRI uses different parameters on T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast enhanced images to identify cancer nodules, determine their likelihood of being aggressive, and stage the cancer. This allows targeted biopsies to diagnose aggressive cancers earlier for better treatment outcomes while avoiding overdiagnosis of less concerning cancers. Prostate MRI is now central to diagnosis, treatment planning and monitoring in prostate cancer care.
Positron emission tomography (PET) provides functional imaging of the body with high sensitivity and specificity. Common PET radiotracers include [F-18] FDG for glucose metabolism and tumor imaging. PET is useful for diagnosing cancer, staging and re-staging, detecting treatment response, and localizing unknown primary tumors. It has applications in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, and other cancers. PET imaging improves over other modalities in detecting metastatic disease and is useful for treatment planning and monitoring.
Austin Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation. AJNMR supports in using radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease by addressing the technologies that are revolutionizing the clinical examination and treatment by providing multi modality approach to the clinical problems.
The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for researcher scholars, physicians, and other health professionals for the exchange of scientific information in the areas of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy.
Austin Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, commentaries, clinical images and rapid communication on all the aspects of Nuclear Medicine and Radio Therapy.
PET GUIDED TARGET CONTOURING GUIDELINES.pptxGaurav Jaswal
PET/CT can improve the accuracy of target volume delineation for radiation therapy planning in three key ways:
1) PET/CT may help avoid geographic misses and better guide target volume definition compared to CT alone.
2) Functional imaging with PET tracers like 18FDG can facilitate identification of biologically relevant tumor sub-volumes that may benefit from dose escalation.
3) PET provides tumor characterization that can enable adaptive radiotherapy and other personalized treatment strategies when used before and during treatment.
However, while promising, issues remain unresolved and widespread clinical adoption is not yet recommended until prospective studies validate the benefits.
Prostate MDT workshop 16 nov 17 queriesMarc Laniado
1) The document discusses challenges with multi-disciplinary team meetings for prostate cancer including not having enough time to discuss each patient and missing key information.
2) It provides examples of cases to illustrate how MRI and targeted biopsies can provide more accurate risk stratification compared to standard biopsies alone. This includes finding higher grade cancers.
3) Treatment options for prostate cancer are varied and patient preferences should help guide decision making, as the long term outcomes of different approaches are unclear. Biomarkers may also provide additional information beyond pathology results.
1. FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring treatment response in head and neck cancers. It provides both functional imaging of glucose metabolism from PET and anatomic details from CT.
2. PET/CT is especially useful for detecting oral cavity tumors when CT and MRI are limited by dental artifacts, and for identifying unknown primary tumors that are otherwise not detectable with other imaging.
3. A negative PET/CT scan after treatment indicates a high likelihood of complete response, but non-cancerous inflammatory changes can sometimes mimic residual tumor on PET scans. Patient preparation and protocol are important for accurate PET/CT interpretation.
1. The document discusses various clinical and pathological factors that can help predict outcomes for prostate cancer patients undergoing surgery, such as cancer volume, Gleason grade, clinical stage, and PSA levels.
2. Nomograms and statistical models have been developed using these factors to predict chances of cancer recurrence, pathologic stage, and disease progression.
3. However, some factors like clinical stage may have limited predictive value. Ongoing research aims to improve predictive accuracy by addressing issues like PSA standardization and biopsy upgrading.
18F-FDG PET/MRI VS PET/CT IN DETECTION OF BONE METASTASIS IN BREAST CANCER PA...Elgha Parambi
In a study comparing 18F-FDG PET/MRI to PET/CT and conventional imaging for detecting bone metastases in breast cancer patients:
- 23 patients with breast cancer underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/MRI and results were compared to PET alone and contrast-enhanced MRI.
- PET/MRI detected more bone metastases than PET alone (mean 3.57 vs 2.87, p=0.026) but similar to CE-MRI (mean 3.43, p=0.083).
- A second study retrospectively evaluated 23 breast cancer patients comparing PET/MRI to prior PET/CT, bone scintigraphy, and CE-MRI. PET/MRI identified more metastases than the
Tackling The Problems of PSA Screening Lincoln Tan
1) Current prostate cancer detection methods like the PSA test and transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy (TRUSB) have problems with low specificity and high false negative rates, leading to overdiagnosis and overtreatment of some indolent cancers.
2) New advances in prostate cancer biomarkers like the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) allow for more accurate detection of significant cancers and reduction of unnecessary biopsies.
3) The National Cancer Centre Singapore now offers a robotic assisted transperineal MRI fusion ultrasound guided biopsy which maps MRI lesions, targets biopsies using fewer cores, and provides a thorough systematic biopsy for patients without visible MRI lesions. This new approach
Nuovi trattamenti locali non invasivi del carcinoma della prostatadott. Comeri Giancarlo
The document discusses prostate cancer treatments including HIFU (high-intensity focused ultrasound). HIFU uses ultrasound waves to coagulate prostate tissue without direct contact, allowing treatment in a single session without incisions. Studies show HIFU achieves negative biopsy results in 90% of low-risk prostate cancer patients within 6 months with few side effects and good long-term cancer control and survival rates. HIFU is presented as a minimally-invasive alternative to surgery or radiation for localized prostate cancer.
This document provides information on the management of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). It begins with defining SCLC and describing its typical clinical presentation and features. It then discusses the epidemiology and etiology of SCLC, noting that it is caused primarily by tobacco smoking. The document outlines the recommended workup, staging, and prognostic factors for SCLC. It provides details on the evidence-based management of limited-stage and extensive-stage SCLC, including the use of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and protocols for concurrent and sequential chemo-radiotherapy treatment.
Similar to Hedvig Hricak & Imaging Prostate Cancer (20)
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS POWER POINT PRESENTATIONblessyjannu21
Myasthenia gravis is a neurological disease. It affects the grave muscles in our body. Myasthenia gravis affects how the nerves communicate with the muscles. Drooping eyelids and/or double vision are often the first noticeable sign. It is involving the muscles controlling the eyes movement, facial expression, chewing and swallowing. It also effects the muscles neck and lip movement and respiration.
It is a neuromuscular disease characterized by abnormal weakness of voluntary muscles that improved with rest and the administration of anti-cholinesterase drugs.
The person may find difficult to stand, lift objects and speak or swallow. Medications and surgery can help the patient to relieve the symptoms of this lifelong illness.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.Vishal kr Thakur
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdfLift Ability
Furthermore, the time constraints and workload in healthcare settings can make it challenging for caregivers to prioritise safe patient handling Australia practices, leading to shortcuts and increased risks.
Healthy Eating Habits:
Understanding Nutrition Labels: Teaches how to read and interpret food labels, focusing on serving sizes, calorie intake, and nutrients to limit or include.
Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
Benefits of Regular Exercise:
Physical Benefits: Discusses how exercise aids in weight management, muscle and bone health, cardiovascular health, and flexibility.
Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
Tips for Staying Active:
Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
Maintaining a Balanced Lifestyle:
Integrating Nutrition and Exercise: Suggests meal planning and incorporating physical activity into daily routines.
Monitoring Progress: Recommends tracking food intake and exercise, regular health check-ups, and provides tips for achieving balance, such as getting sufficient sleep, managing stress, and staying socially active.
DECODING THE RISKS - ALCOHOL, TOBACCO & DRUGS.pdfDr Rachana Gujar
Introduction: Substance use education is crucial due to its prevalence and societal impact.
Alcohol Use: Immediate and long-term risks include impaired judgment, health issues, and social consequences.
Tobacco Use: Immediate effects include increased heart rate, while long-term risks encompass cancer and heart disease.
Drug Use: Risks vary depending on the drug type, including health and psychological implications.
Prevention Strategies: Education, healthy coping mechanisms, community support, and policies are vital in preventing substance use.
Harm Reduction Strategies: Safe use practices, medication-assisted treatment, and naloxone availability aim to reduce harm.
Seeking Help for Addiction: Recognizing signs, available treatments, support systems, and resources are essential for recovery.
Personal Stories: Real stories of recovery emphasize hope and resilience.
Interactive Q&A: Engage the audience and encourage discussion.
Conclusion: Recap key points and emphasize the importance of awareness, prevention, and seeking help.
Resources: Provide contact information and links for further support.
MBC Support Group for Black Women – Insights in Genetic Testing.pdfbkling
Christina Spears, breast cancer genetic counselor at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, joined us for the MBC Support Group for Black Women to discuss the importance of genetic testing in communities of color and answer pressing questions.
Exploring the Benefits of Binaural Hearing: Why Two Hearing Aids Are Better T...Ear Solutions (ESPL)
Binaural hearing using two hearing aids instead of one offers numerous advantages, including improved sound localization, enhanced sound quality, better speech understanding in noise, reduced listening effort, and greater overall satisfaction. By leveraging the brain’s natural ability to process sound from both ears, binaural hearing aids provide a more balanced, clear, and comfortable hearing experience. If you or a loved one is considering hearing aids, consult with a hearing care professional at Ear Solutions hearing aid clinic in Mumbai to explore the benefits of binaural hearing and determine the best solution for your hearing needs. Embracing binaural hearing can lead to a richer, more engaging auditory experience and significantly improve your quality of life.
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
1. Imaging Prostate Cancer
Qua Vadis
Hedvig Hricak, MD,PhD
Chairman,Radiology
MemorialSloanKettering CancerCenter
2. Imaging Prostate Cancer
Guiding Hand in Personalized Cancer Care
1950
1970
1980
2000
Ultrasound
X-Ray - IVU
CT
Nuc Med
MRI
18FDG MRI/PET
2015
2010
18FDG PET/CT
DWI –ADC
HP 13C MRI
4. MR Imaging: Prostate Cancer
Detection/Localization
ZONAL ANATOMY
PCa - Peripheral Zone
PCa - Central Zone
PCa -Transition Zone
P
C
T
McNeal 1977
5. PI-RADS v1 (2012) & PIRADS v2 (2015)*
PI-RADS Description
score
1 Clinically significant cancer is highly unlikely to be present
2 Clinically significant cancer is unlikely to be present
3 Clinically significant cancer is equivocal
4 Clinically significant cancer is likely to be present
5 Clinically significant cancer is highly likely to be present
*ACR
PIRADS is about standardization, not about improvement in
diagnostic performance
• PI-RADS is a system for standardized PCa imaging and reporting
• PI-RADS is a blend of evidence, expert opinion and congruency with
other systems
• PI-RADS strived to be simple? PI-RADS v3 will be simpler
• PI-RADS, similar to other approaches, works well for larger tumors and is
of limited value for tumors <0.5 ml, even if they are Gleason 7 and
above
6. PIRADS
Score
Description for each score on T2-weighted images
(Peripheral Zone)
1 Uniform hyperintense signal intensity (normal)
2
Linear or wedge‐shaped hypointensity or diffuse mild hypointensity, usually indistinct
margin
3 Heterogeneous signal intensity or non‐circumscribed, rounded, moderate hypointensity
4
Circumscribed, homogenous moderate hypointense focus/mass confined to prostate
and <1.5 cm in greatest dimension
5
Same as 4 but ≥1.5cm in greatest dimension or definite extraprostatic
extension/invasive behavior
7. mpMR Imaging of Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer Detection/Localization: PI-RADS 3
PI-RADS 3
• The lesion is low SI on
T2 mildly hyper on
DWI and low SI on
ADC.
• On DCE, the lesion
shows a non-
circumscribed
wedge-shaped
(non focal) early
enhancement.
T2WI
DCE
DWI
ADC
8. PI-RADS 5
Tumor >1.5 cm
•PZ tumor is visualized
on T2WI, DWI & ADC
•DCE shows the lesion,
but does not offers
additional information to
T2WI+DWI
T2WI
DCE
DWI
ADC
mpMR Imaging of Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer Detection/Localization: PI-RADS 5
12. Author Site Modalities n Disagreement Institution
Wibmer A, 2015 Prostate MRI 76 30% MSKCC
Hansen NL, 2017 Prostate MRI 158 54% Germany/UK
Added Value of Expert Oncologic Imaging – Second Opinion
Yellow: clinical parameters only
White: clinical parameters & MRI *Mullerad et al: Radiology 2004
MRI read by GU MRI radiologistsMRI read by General MRI radiologists
p = 0.31 p = 0.019
N=181
pt with
RRP
14. The prevalence of
sign. cancer in this
study was 90% (!)
and they used PI-
RADS ≥ 4 (!) as cut-
off for positive MRI
86
60
97
88
76 77
43
68
79
96
62
54
75
80
84
90
93
63
73
62
74
77
83
26
92
88
84
91
20
40
60
80
100
PPV NPV
Zhang L: A meta-analysis PI-RADS V2 with mp MR imaging for the detection of prostate cancer. Eur Radiol. 2017
16. mpMRImagingofProstateCancer
MRImagingGuidedBiopsy -shouldweusedit?
M. de Rooij: European Urology, 2014
Conclusion: For Systemic Transrectal US guided Biopsy, and
MR-guided Targeted Bx. cost were comparable with higher
QOL for the MR image based technique
M. Minhaj Siddiqui; JAMA 2015: (N=1003)
Conclusion: Targeted MR/ultrasound fusion biopsy,
compared with standard extended-sextant ultrasound-guided
biopsy, was associated with increased detection of high-risk
prostate cancer and decreased detection of low-risk prostate
cancer
17. mpMRImagingofProstateCancer
CanMRImagingGuidedBiopsyreplace TRUSGB
Borofsky S, et al; Radiology 2018: What Are We Missing? False-Negative Cancers at
Multiparametric MR Imaging of the Prostate
CONCLUSION: Clinically important lesions can be missed or their size can be
underestimated at mpMR imaging. Of 26/162 missed lesions (16%- Gleason score
was 3+4 in 17 (65%), 4+3 in one (4%), 4+4 in seven (27%), and 4+5 in one (4%);
58% were not seen or were characterized as benign findings at second-look analysis.
Recognition of the limitations of mpMR imaging is important, and new approaches to
reduce this false-negative rate are needed.
EJ Hamoen; Eur Urol Focus 2018 (N=111): Value of Serial mpMRI & MR Imaging-
guided Biopsies in Men with Low-risk Prostate Cancer on AS After 1 Yr Follow-up.
CONCLUSION: Although mp-MRI and MRGB are of additional value in the evaluation
of PC patients on AS, the value of mp-MRI after 1 yr was limited, as a considerable
percentage of GS ≥7 PC after 1 yr was detected only by TRUSGB, TRUSGB
cannot be omitted yet.
18. Radiomics: From Machine Data to Image Data,
from Image Data to Big Data
CT
MRI
PET
Digital geometry processing
- Filtered back projection
- Maximum likelihood
expectation maximization
Radiofrequency signal
encoding
- Spatial
- Phase
- Frequency
Fourier transformation
Localization of positron
annihilation
Coincidence statistics
Technology Processing Images
Now Future
Radiomics
in clinical decision
making
Conversion of Images
into Mineable Data
Implications for
diagnosis, prediction,
prognosis, and Tx
decisions &
monitoring
25. Prostate Cancer: Radiopharmaceuticals produced (and in translation) by the MSK
RMIP Core over the last 5 years. First-in-Human IND’s are highlighted in italics.
Radiopharmaceutical Imaging Target Cancer Site Human studies
Small Molecules (Imaging)
[18
F]-FLT tumor cell proliferation Lymphoma, prostate, H&N, NSCLC MSKCC IND 104742
[18
F]-FDHT androgen receptor Prostate MSKCC IND 66115
[18
F]-FACBC amino acid metabolism Breast, Prostate, Brain RDRC/ MSKCC IND 113970
[18
F]-FIAU gene expression Prostate MSKCC IND BB-IND 14028
[18
F]-FEAU gene expression All tumors and T-cell therapies MSKCC IND
[18
F]-dasatinib tyrosine kinases Prostate, Breast MSKCC IND 118697
[18
F]-glutamine tumor metabolism All solid malignancies MSKCC IND 116187
[124
I]-FIAU gene expression Prostate MSKCC IND BB-IND 14028
[124
I]-PUH71 HSP-90 All solid malignancies and lymphoma MSKCC IND 110291
[18
F]-FCholine Tumor cell proliferation Brain MSKCC RDRC
[11
C]-Choline Tumor cell proliferation Prostate MSKCC IND 127257
Antibodies and Fragments (Imaging)
[89
Zr]-DFO-huJ591 PSMA Prostate MSKCC IND 114077
[89
Zr]-DFO-MSTP2109A PSMA Prostate MSKCC IND 116724
Small Molecules (Imaging)
[18
F]-FLT tumor cell proliferation Lymphoma, prostate, H&N, NSCLC MSKCC IND 104742
[18
F]-FDHT androgen receptor Prostate MSKCC IND 66115
[18
F]-FACBC amino acid metabolism Breast, Prostate, Brain RDRC/ MSKCC IND 113970
[18
F]-FIAU gene expression Prostate MSKCC IND BB-IND 14028
[18
F]-FEAU gene expression All tumors and T-cell therapies MSKCC IND
[18
F]-dasatinib tyrosine kinases Prostate, Breast MSKCC IND 118697
[18
F]-glutamine tumor metabolism All solid malignancies MSKCC IND 116187
[124
I]-FIAU gene expression Prostate MSKCC IND BB-IND 14028
[124
I]-PUH71 HSP-90 All solid malignancies and lymphoma MSKCC IND 110291
[18
F]-FCholine Tumor cell proliferation Brain MSKCC RDRC
[11
C]-Choline Tumor cell proliferation Prostate MSKCC IND 127257
Antibodies and Fragments (Imaging)
[89
Zr]-DFO-huJ591 PSMA Prostate MSKCC IND 114077
[89
Zr]-DFO-MSTP2109A PSMA Prostate MSKCC IND 116724
26. Evaluation of PET/CT tracers in Recurrent Prostate Ca
11C-Choline PET/CT 18F-FACBC PET/CT
68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT
Krause et al. (EJNMMI, 2008) Bach-Gansmo et al. (J Urology, 2017), Eiber et al. (J Nucl Med 2016)
36%
43%
62%
73%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
< 1 ng/ml 1-2 ng/ml 2-3 ng/ml > 3 ng/ml
40%
60%
75%
86%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
< 0.8ng / m l 0.8-2 ng / m l 2-6 ng / m l > 6 ng / m l
Open questions
• Positive predictive value of
imaging findings?
• Is imaging detecting all disease
or the “tip of the iceberg”?
• Will imaging change patient
outcome?
58%
72%
93% 97%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
< 0.5 ng / m l 0.5-1 ng / m l 1-2 ng / m l >= 2 ng / m l
27. PSA at the time of imaging: 0.3 ng/ml
Detection of Lymph Node Metastases
11C-Choline PET/CT
Courtesy: W. Weber
28. Detection of Lymph Node Metastases
Courtesy: M. Schwaiger, Technischen Universitat Munch
68Ga-PSMA(amino acid small molecule) PET/CT
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT
•54y patient, s/p
RPP, PSA-value
0.7.0 ng/ml
30. Oncologic Imaging
Precision Diagnostics and New Technology
“As much as new ideas are fundamental to the
advancement of science, technologic innovations
are the engine of scientific progress”
Shirley Tilghman
2001 – Inaugural Address - President, Princeton University
31. Metabolic Conversion
(20 - 30 s)
Injection in patient (20 s)
13C-labeled substrates and their metabolic products allow
for tumor detection, and assessment of tumor
aggressiveness and early treatment response.
Noninvasively monitoring in-vivo tumor metabolism
MRI acquisition
(10 s)
≤ 1 minute
Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI
• IND – #11259470, MPIs: Keshari, Hricak
32. HP13CMRSI– ProstateCancer
MSKCC IRB #14-205
FDA IND #125947
Pyr
t = 18.6 s
PyrH
t = 57.3 s
Lac
T2-weighted MRI
HP 13C MR Spectra
AUC of HP Lactate
HP Lact/Carbon
Gleason 4+5
Gleason 3+4
Hyperpolarized Pyruvate Dynamic
Conversion to Lactate in vivo
33. MSKCC IRB #14-205
FDA IND #125947
N=17patients
33
Co-registrationwithwholemounthistopathology
revealsHPMRIdifferentiationwithGleasongrade